AR 423 Urban Planning 3
LAND USE PLANNING
Gemal Jardenil Trinidad Sabadisto
BS ARCH 4 B
INTRODUCTION TO
LAND USE PLANNING
INTRODUCTION.
What is
LAND USE PLANNING ?
refers to the systematic process of
assessing, allocating, and regulating
land resources to optimize their use
while ensuring sustainability, economic
growth, and environmental protection. It
aims to balance competing land
demands—such as residential,
commercial, agricultural, and industrial
uses—while considering social and
environmental factors.
INTRODUCTION.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
According to Metternicht (2017), LUP
(Land Use Planning), depending on how it
is structured and implemented, can
damage or conserve ecosystem services.
It is, therefore, important that land use
planners are aware of the existence and
importance of potential ecosystem
services in order to balance their
protection with the benefits gained from
alternative uses.
Metternicht, Graciela. "Land use planning." Global Land Outlook (Working
Paper) 2, no. 3 (2017): 25-31.
INTRODUCTION.
LAND USE PLANNING IN
PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
a document formulated by LGUs and stakeholders, that
defines or provides guidelines on the allocation, utilization,
development and management of all lands, within a given
territory or jurisdiction, including municipal waters,
according to the inherent qualities of the land itself and
supportive economic, demographic, sociocultural and
environmental objectives.
INTRODUCTION.
LAND USE PLANNING IN
PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
Republic Act No. 7279
(Urban Development and Housing Act)
is a landmark piece of legislation in the Philippines aimed
at addressing the country's urban housing problems,
particularly for the underprivileged and homeless. It
outlines mechanisms for land acquisition, including
expropriation of idle lands, and the disposition of these
lands for socialized housing.
INTRODUCTION.
LAND USE PLANNING IN
PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
Republic Act No. 7586 (National Integrated
Protected Areas System Act of 1992)
The act aims to conserve the country's rich biodiversity by
protecting important natural habitats and ecosystems. It
defines the scope and coverage of these protected areas,
outlining their management and administration. It has been
amended by Republic Act 11038 or the expanded NIPAS act,
which further strengthened the protection of these areas.
HISTORY OF
LAND USE PLANNING
HISTORY.
ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL
LAND USE
Early Civilizations
Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Romans
practiced basic land planning for
agriculture, irrigation, and
settlements.
HISTORY.
ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL
LAND USE
Early Civilizations
The Romans developed zoning-like
concepts, separating residential,
military, and commercial districts.
HISTORY.
ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL
LAND USE
Early Civilizations
Medieval Europe followed a feudal
land-use system, where land was
allocated based on hierarchical
control
HISTORY.
19TH & 20TH CENTURY
URBAN PLANNING
Industrial Revolution
Rapid urbanization led to overcrowding
and poor sanitation, sparking early
urban planning efforts.
HISTORY.
19TH & 20TH CENTURY
URBAN PLANNING
Garden City Movement
Sir Ebenezer Howard, 1898.
Introduced planned towns with green
spaces, influencing modern suburban
design.
HISTORY.
19TH & 20TH CENTURY
URBAN PLANNING
Zoning Laws
The U.S. introduced zoning ordinances
(e.g., New York’s 1916 Zoning
Resolution), regulating land use based
on function.
HISTORY.
19TH & 20TH CENTURY
URBAN PLANNING
Post World War II
Suburban expansion, highway
development, and increased
government regulations shaped
modern land use policies.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS
BACOLOD CITY
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE
OF BACOLOD
CITY
It is in this context that
this Comprehensive Land
Use Plan (CLUP) 2017-2026
is designed to provide a
master plan, a guide for
the future actions of
public officials, private
groups and individuals
whose primary aim is to
make Bacolod City a
center of development for
the next ten years and
beyond.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE OF BACOLOD CITY
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE 2017-2026
RESIDENTIAL USE
Bacolod City has allocated 5,705 hectares for residential
use from 2017 to 2026, comprising 35.34% of the city's total
land area. With a 1.79% annual population growth and in-
migration, the city anticipates a housing need of 35,787
units over 10 years—9,646 for backlog and 26,141 due to
growth. To meet this demand, 456 hectares will be required,
with 547.27 hectares for housing and 149.73 hectares for
roads and open spaces.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE OF BACOLOD CITY
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE 2017-2026
COMMERCIAL USE
Commercial use will cover 4,240 hectares (26.26%) of
Bacolod City's total land area. Over the past two decades,
the city has seen strong market growth in industries like IT-
BPM, MSMEs, real estate, and tourism, driving high demand
for land. Most commercial areas are in Barangays 1 to 41,
forming the central business district (CBD). Rising market
trends have influenced land prices in both the CBD and
surrounding barangays. With industrial growth, investors are
expected to focus on commercial spaces for offices, malls,
and recreational facilities.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE OF BACOLOD CITY
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE 2017-2026
INDUSTRIAL USE
The industrial zone will cover 1,122 hectares or 6.95% of the
city's total land area, primarily located in Barangays
Banago, Bata, Felisa, Mansilingan, Alijis, Cabug, and Vista
Alegre. Most of these areas are classified as Industrial Zone
1 (I-1), designated for light manufacturing industries that
are either non-pollutive/non-hazardous or non-
pollutive/hazardous. These zones will support economic
activities such as warehousing, food and beverage
manufacturing, furniture production, construction, and solar
energy development.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE OF BACOLOD CITY
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE 2017-2026
INSTITUTIONAL USE
The Institutional use area will cover 471 hectares (2.92% of
the city's total land). These zones are spread throughout the
city, supporting residents with facilities like gyms, multi-
purpose centers, health centers, and primary schools in every
barangay. Other key institutions include churches, protective
service stations, hospitals, museums, a traffic control center,
and a bus terminal. Most public and government buildings are
in the Cottage Road-Lacson Street and Araneta Street areas.
In the past decade, more public offices have also been
established along the Circumferential Road, following the
construction of the Bacolod Government Center.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE OF BACOLOD CITY
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE 2017-2026
AGRICULTURAL USE
The city designates 1,859 hectares (11.51% of its land) for
agriculture, spread across various barangays. These areas
support rice, corn, root crops, vegetables, and fishponds.
However, increasing urbanization and economic growth are
leading to the conversion of agricultural land for
residential, commercial, and industrial use.
CURRENT LAND USE ANALYSIS.
LAND USE OF BACOLOD CITY
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE 2017-2026
AGRI-INDUSTRIAL USE
Agri-industrial areas, covering 589 hectares (3.65% of the
city's land), are designated for agricultural value-added
activities. Most industrial zones will be located in Barangays
Alangilan, Granada, Mansilingan, and Sumag.
EXISTING
LAND USE CONFLICTS
AND ITS IMPACT
LAND USE CONFLICTS
URBAN EXPANSION
Urban expansion is converting
agricultural land into residential,
commercial, and industrial areas,
threatening food security and
displacing farmers. This reduces
agricultural productivity, increases
reliance on food imports, raises local
food prices, and causes environmental
degradation, including soil erosion.
LAND USE CONFLICTS
INSUFFICIENT
INFRASTRUCTURES
Some remote barangays lack essential
infrastructure, including social,
health, and educational facilities. This
deficiency hampers the delivery of
vital services to these communities,
affecting their quality of life.
LAND USE CONFLICTS
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Rapid urban growth has increased
vehicle numbers, causing congestion
on major roads. Poor zoning and road
planning worsen traffic flow, leading
to longer commutes, reduced
productivity, higher pollution, and
lower quality of life.
LAND USE CONFLICTS
INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Informal settlers often occupy
hazardous areas like riverbanks and
coastal zones, making them vulnerable
to natural disasters. Poor
infrastructure leads to health issues
and sanitation problems. Their
presence also strains government
resources due to the need for disaster
response and relocation efforts.
LAND USE CONFLICTS
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Industrial development often conflicts
with environmental protection due to
pollution affecting air, water, and soil
quality. Expansion of industries can
harm public health, especially in
residential areas, and impact fishing
communities reliant on clean water.
Noise pollution further reduces the
quality of life, highlighting tensions
between economic growth and
environmental sustainability
LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS
LAND USE PLANNING PROCESS
Data Collection & Analysis: GIS mapping, surveys, and
environmental impact studies.
Goal Setting: Identifying long-term objectives (e.g.,
sustainability, economic growth).
Drafting Plans: Creating zoning maps, land allocation
strategies.
Public Consultation: Engaging stakeholders and
communities.
Implementation: Enforcing zoning laws, infrastructure
development.
Monitoring & Evaluation: Assessing effectiveness and
making adjustments.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Land use planning in the Philippines is a government-led process aimed
at managing the development of land resources to ensure sustainable
growth, environmental protection, and efficient urban and rural
development. It is guided by various laws, such as the Local Government
Code of 1991, which grants local government units (LGUs) the authority to
create their own land use plans, and the Urban Development and Housing
Act of 1992, which promotes equitable land access. The Comprehensive
Land Use Plan (CLUP) is a key document prepared by LGUs to guide zoning
and land allocation, balancing economic, social, and environmental
factors. Challenges include rapid urbanization, informal settlements,
environmental degradation, and disaster risks.
