Mathematics HandBook

HYPERBOLA

The Hyperbola is a conic whose eccentricity is greater than unity. (e > )

1.
STANDARD EQUATION&DEFINITION(S) :

x (ae, b'/a)
(0, b)

A' A S X
(-ae, 0) a. 0) c(0, 0) (a, 0) |(ae, 0)

(0,-b)| B' (ae, -b'/a)

L

Standard equation of the hyperbola is

a?
where b² = a? (e?- 1)
2
b2 Conjugate Axis
or a² e = a² + b² i.e. e? = 1+=1+
Transverse Axis,
(a) Foci :
S= (ae, 0) & S=(-ae, 0).
(b) Equations of directrices :
|
X= - & x =

(c) Vertices :
A= (a, 0) & A'=(-a, 0).
(d) Latus rectum:
(1) Equation : x = # ae

30e(e-e
2
26 (Conjugate Axis) = 2a (e?- 1)
(ü) Length = (Transverse Axis)
= 2e(distance from focus to directrix)
?e (ae
(iüi) Ends :ae,
(e) (i) Transverse Axis :
The line seament A'Aof length 2a in which the ToCi S & both lie is called the Transverse Axis
of the Hyperbola.
(iü) Conjugate Axis :
The line segment B'B between the two points B' =(0,, - b) & B= (0, b) is
called as the Axis
of the Hyperbola. Conjugate
The Transverse Axis &the Conjugate Axis of the hyperbola ar together called the Principal axis
of the hyperbola.
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(0 Focal Property :
The difference of the focal
distances of any point on the hyperbola is constant and equal to
transverse axis i.e. |PS -PS||-2a The distance SS' - focal length.
(g) Focal distance:
Distance of any point P(x, y) on hyperbola from foc PS - ex - a & PS' = ex + a.

2. CONJUGATE HYPERBOLA :
Two hyperbolas such that transverse R coniugate avis of onehyperbola are respectively the conjugate C e
transverse axis of the other are called Conjugate Hyperbolas of each other. &

1 are conjugate hypertolas of each other.

a

Note that :

() fe, & e, are the eccentricities of the hyperbola && its conjugate then e, +e,= 1.
(i) The foci of a hypertbola and its conjugate are concyclic and fom the vertices of a square.
(iii) Two hyperbolas are said to be similar if they have the same eccentricity.
3. RECTANGULAR OR EQUILATERAL HYPERBOLA:
The particular kind of hyperbola in which the lengths of the transverse & conjugate axis are equal is
called an
and the length of it's
Equilateral Hyperbola. Note that the eccentricity of the rectangular hyperbola is V2
latus rectum is equal to it's transverse or conjugate axis.

4 AUXILIARY CIRCLE :

Plasece, btane)

(-a, 0) (0, 0)\0 A

A' CT la, 0) N

a diameter is called the

Auxiliarv Circle of the
centre C & transverse axXis as
A circle drawn with
circle is x² + y² = a'
auxiliary
hyperbola. Equation of the
Qare called the "Corresponding Points" on the hyperbola & the
Note from the fiqure that P&
eccentric angle of the point P on the hyperbola. (0 s0<2n).
is caled the
auxiliary circle. 'e
Parametric Equation :
x y
=l where is aparaeter
ogether represents the hyperbola2-
The equations x=a sec 0 &y = btan HYPERBOLA:
w.r.t. A
5. POSITION OF APOINT'P
2
as the point (x,, y,) lies within
XË 1 =1 is positive, zero or negative according
The quantity a
curve.
outside the
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Mathematics HandBook ALLR
6. LINE AND A HYPERBOLA : y² =1 according as
the hyperbolaa?
The straight line y= mx +c is a secant, atangent or passes outside
:c=<a'm-b2
QB)
points P(a) & is
- joining its two
Equation of .a chord of the hyperbola a2
,
X a -B y a +B a +B
COS sin =cOs
2 2 2

7. TANGENT TO THE HYPERBOLA -1:

(x,. y,) is yY 1
(a) Point form : Equation of the tangent to the given hyperbola at the point a

point x, y.) to the hyperbola and they are

Note : In general two tangents can be draun from an extermal
where m, & m, are roots of the equation
YS1 m, (X- X) & y - y, = m, (x - x).
drawn trom (x, 9,) to the
(X;-a) m- 2xy, m + y,2 + b = 0. If D<0. then no tangent can be
hyperbola.

(b) Slope form : The equation of tangents of slope m to the given hyperbola is y= m x tya»m - b
Point of contact are
ta'm tb
Va'm²-b2 Ja'm'-b?
Note that there are two parallel tangents having the same sope m.
() Parametric form : Equation of the tangent to the given hyperbola at the point (a sec ,b tan 8) is
X sec y tan
=1,
a a b

cos (
Note: Point of intersection of the tangents at 0, &0, is x = a , y=btan
cos() 2

x y?
8. NORMAL TO THE HYPERBOLA =1:

(a) Point form : Equation of the normal to the given hyperbola at the point P u) on it is
a»x by +b' = a' e'.
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b) Slope form : The equation of normal of slope m to the given hyperbola isu mla + b)
Vla -m²b)
a' mb'
foot of normal are
Jia -m'b') Vla'-m'b'))

(c) Parametric form :The equation of the nomal at the point P (a sec
ax by a' + b' = ae'. ,b tan 0) to the given
hyperbola is sec tan

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 Mathematics HandBook
DlRECTOR
The locus of
CIRCE:
the
hvperola intersecion
of
of the
lhe tangents
equation to the
which are at right angles is known as the Director Circle
fb a this citcle is real : if h2- a2 director circle is : x'+ y a' b².
ircte t the origin. In this case tho pohesthete radius of the circle is Zero it reduces to a point
,be draVI a.h. wiirt from which the tarngents at right argles
the cmve
I! d. the Tadis of the circle is
iaht angle col ho ivavtina) c Hhat there is no such circlo & sO no
rawn to the tangents at
tO Cunve.
CYORD O CONTACT.
IEbethe tagentsfrom point P(x,.y,) to the Hyperbol 1, then the equation of the chord
of confact ABis XX,
a b
-=1 -0 at (x,y)
11 PAR ORTANGENTS:

1DS,)be anvpoint lies outside the Hyperbola y

-l and a pair of tangents PA, PB can be drawn to
a
it frum D. 1henthe cquation of pair of
tangents of PA and PB is SS

a b

ic

12. ECOUATION OF CHORD WITH MID POINT (x,.y):

y²
The cquation of the chord of the ellipse =1,
whose mid-noint be (x,.y}) is T= S
were T
1, s, a
--1

13. ASYMPTOTES :
Definision : Ktte length of the perpendicular let fall from a point on a hyperbola to a straight irne
leayls to ero as the point on the hyperbola moves to infinity along the hyperbola, then the straight ine
illedthe Asymptote of the Hyperbola.

Combined equation of asymptotes of hyperbola

will be -0
a a

t4. RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA:

coordinates
1Rectangular hyperbola retered to its asymptotes as axis of
parametric representation x ct, y c/t,
(a) Ltation is Xy c with
teR (01
joiningthe points
(b) Equalion ofd hord
+t,) with slope m
P)& JL) 1 x + , ,y =c(t,
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Mathematics HandBook ALLE
+ ty= 2c.
is
(c) Equation of the tangent at P(x,.y,) is
y
-2& at P(t)

(d) Equation of nomal is y -t'(x -ct)

t

(e) Chord with a given middle point as (h. k) is kx + hy - 2hk.

15. IMPORTANT HIGHLIGHTS: radi.
between thefocal
hyperbola bisect the angle
() The tangent and nomal at anv point of a focus is reflected from thel
lightray aimed towards one
{ii) Reflection property of the hyperbola : An incoming
outer surface of the hypertbola towards the other focus.

Tharsfort

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