DATA HANDLING AND VISUALIZATION CD-603

TABLE OF CONTENT
S. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1. Introduction to various Data Visualization tools. 04

2. Introduction to Tableau and Installation. 07
3. Creating common visualizations (bar charts, line charts etc.) 10
4. Connecting to Data and preparing data for visualization in Tableau. 13
5. Case Study on Security in Data Visualization. 16
6. Case Study on Power BI. 19
7. Create Stories using Tableau. 22
8. Case study on time series data visualization. 25
9. Study of Hierarchical data and topographical data visualization in 28
Tableau.
10. Study of basic dashboard in Tableau. 31

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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE NO.
Figure (1.1 - 1.3) ………………………..............................................................................................05
Figure (1.4 - 1.5) ………………………..............................................................................................06
Figure (2.1 – 2.2) ………………………..............................................................................................08
Figure (2.3 – 2.3) ………………………..............................................................................................09
Figure (3.1 – 3.3) ………………………..............................................................................................11
Figure (3.4 – 3.5) ………………………..............................................................................................12
Figure (4.1 – 4.3) ………………………..............................................................................................14
Figure (4.4 – 4.4) ………………………..............................................................................................15
Figure (5.1 – 5.3) ………………………..............................................................................................17
Figure (5.4 – 5.4) ………………………..............................................................................................18
Figure (6.1 – 6.1) ………………………..............................................................................................19
Figure (6.2 – 6.4) ………………………..............................................................................................20
Figure (6.5 – 6.5) ………………………..............................................................................................21
Figure (7.1 – 7.2) ………………………..............................................................................................23
Figure (7.3 – 7.3) ………………………..............................................................................................24
Figure (8.1 – 8.2) ………………………..............................................................................................26
Figure (8.3 – 8.3) ………………………..............................................................................................27
Figure (9.1 – 9.2) ………………………..............................................................................................29
Figure (9.3 – 9.4) ………………………..............................................................................................30
Figure (10.1 – 10.2) ……………………..............................................................................................32
Figure (10.3 – 10.4) ……………………..............................................................................................33

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EXPERIMENT – 01

Objective: Introduction to various Data Visualization tools.

Tools Covered
 Tableau
 Microsoft Power BI
 Google Data Studio
 Microsoft Excel
 Zoho Analytics
Theory / Concept
Data Visualization is the graphical representation of information and data. By using visual
elements like charts, graphs, and maps, data visualization tools make complex data more
understandable and accessible. Different tools are available that support users in creating
dashboards, visual reports, and data summaries for business and analysis purposes.
Popular tools include:
1. Tableau: A powerful, drag-and-drop-based visualization tool used for interactive
dashboards and business intelligence reports.
2. Microsoft Power BI: A Microsoft product that integrates seamlessly with Excel and
databases, useful for business dashboards and predictive analysis.
3. Google Data Studio: A free online tool by Google that turns your data into
informative, easy-to-read dashboards and reports, especially from Google Sheets and
Analytics.
4. Excel: Widely used spreadsheet software that provides basic to advanced charting
capabilities, suitable for small-scale visualizations.
5. Zoho Analytics: A cloud-based business intelligence tool for creating visually
appealing dashboards and performing data analysis.
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Researched various data visualization tools online.
2. Explored their official websites and user interfaces via Google Images.
3. Compared the key features such as ease of use, connectivity, dashboard creation, and
integration options.
4. Observed sample dashboards and types of graphs supported by each tool.
5. Identified real-world use cases where each tool is best suited.

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Observation

Figure – 1.1

Figure – 1.2

Figure – 1.3

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Figure – 1.4

Figure – 1.5
Conclusion
Different data visualization tools offer different advantages. Tableau and Power BI are
powerful tools for building professional dashboards and reports. Google Data Studio is free
and integrates well with Google products. Excel is basic but still widely used in many fields.
Zoho Analytics is suitable for business teams working in a cloud environment. Understanding
these tools helps in choosing the right platform for any data visualization requirement.
Real-World Applications
 Businesses use Power BI for sales reports.
 Digital marketers use Google Data Studio for website performance.
 Financial analysts use Excel for trend analysis.
 Tableau is used by data analysts for interactive visual storytelling.

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EXPERIMENT – 02

Objective: Introduction to Tableau and Installation.

Tool Covered
 Tableau Public (Free Version of Tableau)
Theory / Concept
Tableau is a powerful data visualization tool that allows users to create interactive, shareable
dashboards. It supports data blending, real-time analysis, and drag-and-drop functionality,
making it one of the most widely used tools in the business intelligence industry.
There are different versions of Tableau:
 Tableau Public (free, cloud-based)
 Tableau Desktop (paid, full version)
 Tableau Server / Tableau Online (for team and enterprise use)
In this experiment, we focus on Tableau Public, which is sufficient for most academic and
basic-level visualizations.
Procedure / Steps Followed
Since you are not installing Tableau but observing the process, follow these steps using
Google search:
1. Searched “Tableau Public download page” on Google.
2. Observed the official website layout and steps to download Tableau Public.
3. Viewed images of Tableau’s installation process and setup wizard.
4. Searched for “Tableau dashboard interface” to understand what the tool looks like
after installation.
5. Noted the interface elements such as workspace, sidebar, sheet area, and chart
options.
Observation

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Figure – 2.1

Figure – 2.2

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Figure – 2.3
Conclusion
Tableau Public is an accessible and user-friendly platform for data visualization. Even
without installation, we can understand its features and interface through online resources. It
supports a wide range of data sources and chart types, making it ideal for academic,
professional, and personal use in data storytelling.
Real-World Applications
 Used by companies for sales and performance dashboards.
 Used in academic research to visualize survey results.
 Popular in data analyst roles for reporting and storytelling.

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EXPERIMENT – 03

Objective: Creating common visualizations (bar charts, line charts etc.)

Tools Covered
 Tableau
 Power BI
 Google Data Studio (optional)
 Excel (for basic understanding)
Theory / Concept
Visualizations help convert data into understandable graphical formats. Here are some
commonly used charts:
1. Bar Chart: Displays categorical data using rectangular bars. Best for comparing
quantities across categories.

2. Line Chart: Shows trends over time using a continuous line. Ideal for time series data.

3. Pie Chart / Donut Chart: Represents parts of a whole. Used to show percentage
breakdowns.

4. Scatter Plot: Used to show relationships or correlations between two numerical

variables.
Each chart type helps present different kinds of insights based on the data type.
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Searched for images of visualizations created in Tableau, Power BI, and Excel.
2. Studied chart types, their axes, labels, legends, and how data is represented.
3. Compared how the same chart looks in different tools.
4. Noted the use of drag-and-drop features in Tableau and Power BI to generate charts.
Observation

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Figure – 3.1

Figure – 3.2

Figure – 3.3

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Figure – 3.4

Figure – 3.5
Conclusion
Different chart types serve different purposes in visual storytelling. Bar and pie charts are
best for comparisons and proportions, while line charts are used for trends. Understanding
when and how to use each visualization is key to effective data analysis and communication.
Real-World Applications
 Sales performance tracked monthly using bar and line charts.
 Market share breakdown using pie charts.
 Stock price trends shown using line graphs.
 Correlation between variables like “hours studied vs. marks” via scatter plots.

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EXPERIMENT – 04

Objective: Connecting to Data and preparing data for visualization in Tableau.

Tool Covered
 Tableau Public
Theory / Concept
Before visualizing, Tableau allows users to connect to data from various sources and then
prepare it through filtering, renaming, combining, or creating calculated fields.
Data Connection in Tableau
Tableau supports multiple data sources, such as:
 Microsoft Excel
 Text/CSV files
 Google Sheets (in online versions)
 SQL databases, JSON, and web data connectors
Data Preparation
Once data is loaded, the Data Source tab opens where:
 Columns can be renamed or hidden
 Data types (number, text, date) can be set
 Filters can be applied
 Data from multiple tables can be joined or blended
Preparing clean data is essential for accurate visualization.
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Searched on Google how Tableau connects to Excel and CSV files.
2. Studied screenshots of Tableau's “Connect” and “Data Source” tabs.
3. Explored how users can perform drag-and-drop connections, joins, and field editing.
4. Observed how Tableau previews the data before visualization begins.
5. Understood data types and basic formatting options available in Tableau.
Observation

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Figure – 4.1

Figure – 4.2

Figure – 4.3

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Figure – 4.4

Conclusion
Connecting and preparing data in Tableau is the foundation of the visualization process.
Clean and structured data ensures accurate, effective, and meaningful visual outputs. Tableau
makes this step easy with its drag-and-drop and preview features.
Real-World Applications
 HR teams connect Excel sheets of employee data to build dashboards.
 Sales departments clean and merge regional sales data before analyzing it.
 Finance teams load CSV files into Tableau for quarterly report visualizations.

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EXPERIMENT – 05

Objective: Case Study on Security in Data Visualization

Focus Areas
 Data privacy in visualizations
 Securing access to dashboards
 Risks from unfiltered/unauthorized data
 Visual attacks (data leakage via visuals)
 Secure system architecture
Theory / Concept
What is Security in Data Visualization?
Security in data visualization means protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access,
manipulation, or leakage during its collection, transformation, and display in dashboards or
reports.
Common Risks Include:
 Data exposure through visual elements (charts showing confidential info)
 Unauthorized dashboard access
 Injection of malicious data into visual tools
 Overexposed visuals (e.g., dashboards shared without filters)
Key Security Measures
 Role-based access control (RBAC)
 Secure data storage and encrypted connections
 User authentication (e.g., OAuth, 2FA)
 Data masking and field-level permissions
 Log analysis and intrusion detection
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Studied common security risks in dashboards using trusted online sources.
2. Searched how Tableau and Power BI implement security features (like row-level
security).
3. Explored the concept of visual data leaks via public dashboards.
4. Looked for examples where security failure in visualization caused real-world issues.

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Observation

Figure – 5.1

Figure – 5.2

Figure – 5.3
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Figure – 5.4
Conclusion
Security in data visualization is not just about protecting the tools but also about protecting
the data being visualized. Organizations must ensure that dashboards are securely shared,
user access is controlled, and visualizations do not expose sensitive insights to unintended
users. Failing to do so can lead to severe data breaches and trust issues.
Real-World Applications
 Healthcare dashboards restrict patient-level data to authorized doctors only.
 Financial dashboards encrypt user-specific data using secure APIs.
 Tableau and Power BI dashboards use filters and authentication to avoid data leaks in
public reports.

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EXPERIMENT – 06

Objective: Case Study on Power BI.

Tool Covered
 Microsoft Power BI (Desktop & Cloud)
Theory / Concept
Power BI is a business intelligence tool developed by Microsoft that enables users to connect
to various data sources, transform data, and create interactive reports and dashboards. It
supports Excel, SQL, APIs, and cloud services like Azure and SharePoint.
Key Features of Power BI:
 Drag-and-drop dashboard creation
 Real-time data updates
 Multiple chart types: bar, line, map, funnel, matrix, etc.
 Role-based access control
 Integration with Microsoft ecosystem (Excel, Teams, Azure)
 DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) for custom measures
 Cloud sharing via Power BI Service
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Researched the official Power BI website and tutorials.
2. Explored sample dashboards and templates via Google Images.
3. Analyzed how Power BI connects to data sources like Excel and databases.
4. Observed use of slicers, filters, and chart panels in reports.
5. Understood how Power BI is used in real-time business reporting.
Observation

Figure – 6.1

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Figure – 6.2

Figure – 6.3

Figure – 6.4

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Figure – 6.5
Conclusion
Power BI is a robust platform for analyzing and visualizing data. Its integration with
Microsoft products, ease of use, and real-time reporting capabilities make it suitable for
individuals and organizations of all sizes. From sales tracking to HR analytics, Power BI
transforms raw data into actionable insights.
Real-World Applications
 Companies use Power BI for real-time sales dashboards.
 Schools track student attendance and performance reports.
 Healthcare dashboards monitor patient statistics and facility usage.
 Marketing teams use it to track social media and website analytics.

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EXPERIMENT – 07

Objective: Create Stories using Tableau.

Tool Covered
 Tableau Public
Theory / Concept
What is a Story in Tableau?
A Story in Tableau is a sequence of visualizations that together tell a data narrative. Each
part of a story is called a story point, and it can include a chart, dashboard, or even a single
visualization view.
Stories are used when:
 You want to present a conclusion or summary.
 You want to walk through data step-by-step.
 You want to guide the viewer through insights in a structured way.
Structure of a Story:
 Story Points – Like pages in a slideshow
 Navigator – Allows users to jump between points
 Captions – Add context or explanations for each view
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Researched Tableau’s “Story” feature using Tableau Public tutorials and articles.
2. Searched Google Images for examples of Tableau Stories and how they're structured.
3. Identified how story points can use multiple dashboards or sheets.
4. Noted how captions and annotations enhance narrative flow.
5. Studied how Tableau Stories are useful for business reporting or final presentations.
Observation

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Figure – 7.1

Figure – 7.2

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Figure – 7.3
Conclusion
Creating stories in Tableau enables users to deliver structured and interactive data
presentations. This feature is especially useful when you want to walk an audience through
data step-by-step, using a combination of charts, dashboards, and annotations to support a
clear and insightful narrative.
Real-World Applications
 Sales teams present quarterly progress using story slides.
 Analysts build step-by-step reports for senior management.
 Academic researchers use storyboards to explain survey results.
 HR departments present hiring trends, diversity stats, and attrition in a single story.

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EXPERIMENT – 08

Objective: Case study on time series data visualization.

Tool Covered
 Tableau Public
 Power BI (optional reference)
Theory / Concept
What is Time Series Data?
Time series data is a sequence of data points indexed in chronological order — often at
regular intervals (daily, monthly, quarterly).
What is Time Series Visualization?
Time series visualization involves creating charts that show changes over time. These charts
help identify trends, seasonality, and anomalies in the data.
Common Charts for Time Series:

Chart Type Description

Line Chart Most common; shows trend across time.

Area Chart Like a line chart but with filled color for emphasis.

Dual-Axis Line Chart Shows two time series with different scales.

Forecasting Line Adds prediction for future values.

Time Heat Map Uses colors to show density or intensity over time intervals.

Procedure / Steps Followed

1. Searched for real-world examples of time series data (stock prices, weather, COVID-
19 cases).
2. Explored how Tableau uses date/time fields in line charts.
3. Studied how time series can be grouped by day, month, quarter, year.
4. Searched examples where forecasting or trend lines are used.
5. Observed how filters and interactivity enhance time-based analysis.

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Observation

Figure – 8.1

Figure – 8.2

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Figure – 8.3
Conclusion
Time series visualizations help users discover trends, seasonality, and future patterns in time-
based data. With tools like Tableau and Power BI, analysts can visualize years of data with
just a few clicks, gaining insights that are critical for decision-making in business, science,
and policy-making.
Real-World Applications
 Tracking sales or revenue over months/years
 Monitoring temperature or pollution data over time
 Forecasting stock market trends
 Observing COVID-19 case growth over weeks
 Website traffic analysis per day/hour

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EXPERIMENT – 09

Objective: Study of Hierarchical data and topographical data visualization in Tableau.

Tool Covered
 Tableau Public
Theory / Concept
A. Hierarchical Data Visualization
Hierarchical data involves parent-child relationships like:
 Category → Subcategory
 Country → State → City
 Manager → Employees
Common Visualizations:
 Tree Map: Rectangles representing hierarchical parts of a whole
 Drill-Down in Charts: Expand/collapse levels of data
 Bar Charts with hierarchy: Categories broken down into nested levels
Tableau auto-detects hierarchies and allows drill-down with the + button.
B. Topographical (Map-Based) Data Visualization
Topographical or geographical data includes:
 Country names, states, cities
 Latitude/Longitude
 ZIP/postal codes
Tableau automatically generates map views when geographic fields are added.
Common Visualizations:
 Symbol Map: Circles show quantity on locations
 Filled Map: Shaded regions based on data
 Custom Map Layers: Add detail or color intensity
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Researched how Tableau uses auto-detected hierarchies for drilling down data.
2. Explored Tree Maps and Nested Bar Charts via Tableau examples.
3. Studied how Tableau creates maps using location fields like Country, State, and ZIP
Code.
4. Searched for real-life business use cases combining both visual types.

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5. Observed how users can interact with hierarchical and map data in dashboards.
Observation

Figure – 9.1

Figure – 9.2

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Figure – 9.3

Figure – 9.4
Conclusion
Hierarchical and topographical visualizations in Tableau make it easier to analyze structured
data (like categories or regions). Users can uncover patterns across categories or spot
geographical trends at a glance. This is extremely useful in business analytics, logistics, and
planning.
Real-World Applications
 Sales dashboards showing Category → Subcategory → Product performance
 Logistics dashboards displaying delivery volume by region
 Heat maps showing COVID-19 spread by country/state
 Customer location analysis using ZIP or city maps
 Performance monitoring across branches in different states

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EXPERIMENT – 10

Objective: Study of basic dashboard in Tableau.

Tool Covered
 Tableau Public
Theory / Concept
What is a Dashboard in Tableau?
A dashboard is a collection of visualizations (charts, maps, tables, etc.) shown together on a
single screen to provide a comprehensive view of the data.
It allows users to interact with multiple charts at once, filter data across views, and present
insights more effectively.
Key Features of a Basic Dashboard:
 Combines multiple sheets (bar chart, pie chart, map, etc.)
 Includes interactive filters (dropdowns, date pickers)
 Offers legends and tooltips for better readability
 Layout customization with drag-and-drop
 Can include images, web links, or text boxes
Procedure / Steps Followed
1. Studied the basic layout structure of Tableau dashboards via online articles and
tutorials.
2. Explored examples of dashboards built using 2–3 simple visualizations (bar chart +
map + table).
3. Understood how filters can control all charts in the dashboard at once.
4. Observed layout arrangements and how users navigate dashboards.
5. Learned how dashboards are published or embedded for sharing.
Observation

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Figure – 10.1

Figure – 10.2

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Figure – 10.3

Figure – 10.4
Conclusion
Dashboards in Tableau help bring together different views of data for holistic analysis. Even
a basic dashboard with just a few visual elements can provide powerful, interactive insights
for business users, students, or decision-makers.
Real-World Applications
 Sales dashboards tracking performance by region, category, and time
 Marketing dashboards showing ad performance and lead conversions
 HR dashboards showing hiring trends, attrition, and demographics
 Education dashboards visualizing student grades and attendance
 Operations dashboards monitoring supply chain metrics

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