Environmental Science
Grade 2
Student Book
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Environmental Science
Grade 2
Student Book
Authors
Moges Shenkute,
Kemachew Tilahun
Melkamu Tesfaye
Abeneme Yirdaw
Editor and reviewers
Solomon Wendmu
Belaye Belete
Muluneh
Tekleburhan
Getanuh Getachew
Ali Kemal
Coordinator
Getachew Talema
Illustration and page layout,
Enteto Polytechnic College (Sisay Degu)
2015
Addis Ababa Ethiopia
© 2015 Addis Ababa City Administration Education Office
We are grateful to everyone who used the quotes and pictures in
this book as sources.
Acknowledgement
The Head of the Education Bureau, Mr. Zelema Mulatu, deserves great thanks for
his great support in making this textbook come to fruition from preparation to
completion, by sharing his experiences, generating and presenting ideas in panel
discussions, by having it prepared by teachers who teach in our city, by approving
the necessary budget and by ensuring that it is managed with strict discipline.
For the success of our work, by always being with us, providing solutions to the
problems encountered, monitoring the implementation process, evaluating and
paying attention to the management members of the Education Bureau who were
by our side, Deputy Head of the Curriculum Sector, Admasu Dechasa, Deputy
Head of the Education Technology Sector, Dagnaw Gebru Mr. Samson, Deputy
Headof Teacher Development Sector, Mrs. Abebech Negash, Head of Education
Office, Mr. Sisay Sizaleh, Head of Education Office, and Mr. Sadha Mersha,
Technical Advisor, deserve thanks for their contribution.
Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to the school principals for giving
special attention to the work and for sending us teachers and providing moral
support.
Content Page
Chapter One………………………………………………………….1
Location of our District.………………………………………………1
1.1. Meaning of Location……………………………………………………………………...2
1.2. The meaning of relative location…………………………………………………………4
1.3. Relative location of our district.………………………………………………………..8
1.4. Location of the main places in our district………………………………………...… 12
1.5. The location and names of the neighboring districts of our district………………..... 14
Chapter Two………………………………………………………….19
Understanding Science……………………………………………...19
2.1. External parts of the body and sense organs………………………………………...20
2.2. Physical Properties of Materials……………………………………………………….27
2.3. Source of Light and Characteristics ............. ………………………………………35
Chapter Three…………………………………………...…..45
Natural Environment………………………………………..45
3.1. Weather Condition and Climate
………………………………………………………………….46
3.2. Available Plants in our district.
…………………………………………………………………..57
3.3. Available Animals in our district.
…………………………………………………………….…..68
3.4. Material resources available in our district…………………………………………77
3.5. Protection of our district‟s environment.……………………………………………….81
Chapter Four………………………………………………...90
Social Environment ........................................................ 90
4.1. Family members and their needs……………………………………………………91
4.2. School activities together
Accomplishing and developing peer relationships............................................ 111
4.3. Hygiene and Personal Health……………………………………………….118
Chapter Five ....................................................... …......131
Cross-border issues……………………………………....131
5.1. Road Safety………………………………………………………………………….132
5.2. H. no. V. AIDS……………………………………………………………………….134
Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Chapter one
Location of our District
Unit objectives
By the end of this unit, you will be able to:
֍ Explain the meaning of the location.
֍ Define the meaning of relative location.
֍Show the relative location of the district where you live.
֍ Show Location of your district in relation to
Neighboring district on the sketch map.
֍ Show location of the main places in your district on a map.
֍ Look at and list the name of
the villages found in your
district.
֍ List the neighboring districts in your district.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
The main contents of the chapter
1.1. The meaning of location
1.2. The meaning of relative location
1.3. The relative location of our district
1.4. The location of the main places in our district
1.5. The location and name of the neighboring districts of our district
1.1. Meaning of Location
Learning outcomes expected from the sub-topic
After studying this subtopic, Students will be able to
֍ Explain the meaning of the location.
Key ↣ Location
↣ Direction
What is location?
A location is the exact place used to indicate a particular point or
object. We can describe the location of a place using directions.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
What is direction?
A direction is a way we use to point or indicate a place.
The following directional names can be used to describe the location
of a place or thing.
► In front of ► Back ► Near
► Left and right ► side ►Front and back
Group discussion 1.1
Discuss the following discussion questions in group and
present your group's discussion to your teacher.
Discussion questions
1. In which direction does the blackboard from your room is found?
2. In which direction does the window of your room found?
3. In which direction does the library from your classroom is found?
4. Which direction does the flag from the office is found?
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Exercise 1.1
A. Answer the following sentences with “True” if they are
correct and “False” if they are not.
1. Location can be known by directions.
2. The place where something find is called location.
3. Left or right does not indicate direction.
1.2. The meaning of relative location
By the end of this sub-topic, you will be able to:
֍ Describe the meaning of relative location.
֍ Explain relative location with an example.
Key words
↣ Relative location
↣Basic direction
What is relative location?
Relative location refers to the location of a place or object
relative to fixed things in the area such as mountains, rivers,
roads, buildings, and other objects.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Relative location is used to show our locationin relation to
other locations.
Students, after looking carefully at the pictures below, write
your answers to the questions below in your notebook.
A. On which side of the car are the people in the picture
standing?
Figure 1.1 Defining relative direction
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
B. From which side of the building are the students shown
in the picture?
Figure 1.2 Defining relative direction
C. Where is the dog from the cat?
Figure 1.3 Defining relative direction
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
D. What is found to the right of the children? What about on
the left?
Figure 1.4 Defining relative direction
Exercise 1.2
A. Answer the following questions given below by
looking at thefollowing picture.
Figure 1.4 Defining relative direction
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
1. On which direction of the building is from the statue?
2. On which direction is the blue car from the white car?
3. On Which direction is the building from the statue?
4. On which direction is the white car from the blue car?
1.3 Relative location of our District
Learning outcomes expected from the sub-topic
After studying this subtopic, you will be able to:
֍Indicate the relative location of the district where you live.
֍ Sketch map and show the location of your district in relation to
neighboring districts.
Key words
↣ District
↣ Design map
Students! In the previous subsection, you learned about relative
location. Now you will learn how to determine the relative location
of your district.
A district is an administrative level below a sub-city.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Group discussion 1.2
Form a group and discuss the following questions and present
your ideas to your teacher what you agree on.
1. What are the basic directions?
2. How can we distinguish the district we live in from other
districts?
There are four basic directions. They are known as North
and South, East and West. Using these basic directions, we
can easily indicate or know the relative location of our
district. East is the direction the sun rises and West is the
direction the sun sets.
North
West East
South
Figure 1.5 The four basic directions
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Task 1.1
As shown in Figure 1.6 below , stand facing the rising
sun and stretch your arms out to the sides.
Figure 1.6 Basic directions
According to the above picture 1.6
Your left hand points to .
Your right hand indicates .
Your face indicates .
Your back is pointing to .
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
North
Location of Addis Ababa sub-cities and districts West East
South
GULELE
YEKA
ADDIS KETEMA
ARADA
LEMIKURA
KIRKOS
KOLFE
KERANIYO
BOLE
NIFAS SILK LAFTO
AKAKI KALITI
Figure 1.7 Location of Addis Ababa sub-cities and districts
Personal work 1
Look closely at the map in Figure 1.7 above and describe the relative location
of your district.
Your district is .
It is bordered by in the northern district.
It is bordered by in the southern district.
It is bordered by in the eastern district.
It is bounded by in the western district.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Exercise 1.3
A. Answer the following questions
1. Sketch the map of your district.
2. Identify and write the relative location of your district.
1.4. The location of the main places in our district
Learning out comes expected from the sub-topic.
After studying this sub-topic, you will be able to:
֍ Sketch map and show the location of main places
in your district.
֍ List the name of the villages
in your district.
Students! What are the main places in your district?
In Addis Ababa, there are many different main attractions
in almost every district. They are: schools, health centers,
shops, police stations and the like.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Task 1.2
Objective: - Sketch map and show the location
of the places your district.
Instructions: Sketch map that shows the location
of your home, school and district.
1. Ask your parents to make a simple sketch map or
drawing showing the location of major places in your
district and show it to your class teacher.
2. On the simple drawn map that you have made, Write down
the names of the main places in your notebook.
Exercise 1.4
Hospital North School
Hospital
Police
Picture 1.8 Main places in the district
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
A. Answer the following questions by looking at picture 1.8
1. In which direction is the health center located?
2. In which direction is the school located?
3. In which direction is the police station located?
1.5 The location and name of the neighboring
districts of our district
Learning outcomes expected from the sub-topic
After studying this subtopic, you will be able to:
֍ List the bordering districts of your district.
Keyword
↣ Border district
Students! What does bordering district mean?
A bordering district means a district connected to the district where
we live.
Group discussion 1.3
Based on picture 1.7, discuss the location and name of the bordering
districts of your district in a group and list them and show the
answer to your teacher.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Summary of chapter one
• A location shows or indicates where something can be
found.
• Direction can be used to indicate or show a
place.
• Relative location is a description of the location of an
object or place in comparison to other objects in the area.
• The four basic directions are North, South, East and
West.
• East is the direction where the sun rising.
• West is the direction where sunset.
• A bordering district is a district connected to the district
where we live in.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Chapter one summary questions
A. Answer the following questions by writing True if the statement is
incorrect and false if the statement is incorrect
1. The method of showing where a place is located is called
location.
2. The way we indicate where a place is compared
to other places is called relative location.
3. The direction of sunset is east.
b. Write the letter that contains the correct answer to the following questions
Answer by choosing.
1. Which one is the direction indicator name?
A. back B. side C. on the left D. All of them
2. Which one do we use to describe the relative location
of a place?
A. mountain B. river C. buildings D. all of them
3. If Abebe is to the left of the Almaz, where is Almaz
location from Abebe?
A. behind B. back C. on the right D. on the left
4. How many are the basic directions?
A. three B. four C. two D. five
5. In which of the following is direction the sun rising?
A. south B. east C. west D. north
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
c. Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What is location?
2. List basic directions.
3. Describe the relative location of your district.
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Environmental Science Student's Book 2nd Grade
Inspection
To describe the activities you can perform
Indicate by placing the “X” symbol in the boxes.
1. I can define the meaning of location.
2. I can define the meaning of relative location.
3. I can indicate the relative location of the district in which I live.
4. I can show the location of the district where I live in relation to neighboring
districts on the sketch map.
5. I can indicate the location of major places in my district on
asketch map.
6. I can list the names of the villages in my district.
7. I can list the names of the neighboring districts of my district.
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