INTRODUCTION:MIND READER:BRAINGATE Mind Reader is a new innovated technology, which got its existence in 2003.

Withthe help of this technology, the artificial limbs are controlled & synchronized bythe brain.The device is designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, such as patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. Thecomputer chip, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention f the user into computer commands. This devicecalled as, BRAIN GATE,FATHER OF BRAIN GATEPROFESSOR JOHNORIGIN-RHODE ISLAND (U.S.A.) WHAT IS A BRAINGATE?? Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company cyber kineticsin 2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at brown university. Thedevice was designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodilyfunctions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) or spinal cord injury.The computer chip, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands. Brain gate interface Dummy illustrating design of brain gate interface The Brain Gate Neural Interface Device is a proprietary brain-computer interface that consists of an internal neural signal

sensor and external processors that convert neural signals into an output signal under theusers own control. Components of brain gate: 1. The chip: A 4-millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thinmicroelectrodes is embedded in Nagle's primary motor cortex - the region of the brainresponsible for controlling movement. 2. The connector: When Nagle thinks "move cursor up and left" (toward email icon), hiscortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern; the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to his skull. 3. The converter: The signal travels to a shoebox-sized amplifier mounted on Nagle'swheelchair, where it's converted to optical data and bounced by fiber-optic cable to acomputer. 4. The computer: Brain Gate learns to associate patterns of brain activity with particular imagined movements - up, down, left, right - and to connect those movements to a cursor. working of brain gate

A small chip, the 2mm x 2mm Brain Gate, is surgically implanted on to thesurface of the brain. Extending down into the cortex are hundred thin platinumtipped electrodes each a millimeter long and only 90 microns at the base. These pick up the brains electrical signals which are then transmitted to acomputer via a slender gold wires connected to each individual electrode. After implantation, the computer system needs to learn what the brain-generated electrical impulses mean. The predetermined movements in the mind:move arm left, lift hand, rotate wrist, generated a unique signal that could berecorded. After that, patient is hooked to a joystick via a computer. The computer registershis now remembered thought patterns and moved the joystick accordingly without any physical intervention whatsoever. Diagram indicating working of brain gate It can be used to perform basic tasks like opening programs and reading email. He started by thinking of making movements with a mouse, but now simply thinks of a cursor movement and his brain translates that desire in to electrical impulses that, via thecomputer, move the on screen cursor. His brain has assimilated the implant and controlsit as if its party of the body like a hand. Brain gate converting thoughts into action Goals and achievements related to brain gateGoals: The goal of the Brain Gate program is to develop a fast, reliable and unobtrusive connectionb e t w e e n t h e b r a i n o f a s e v e r e l y d i s a b l e d p e r s o n a n d a p e r s o n a l c o m p u t e r " s t a t e d T i m Surgeon, President and CEO of Cyber kinetics. "We [hope] to provide paralyzed individuals with a gateway through which they can access the broad capabilities of computers, controldevices in the surrounding environment, and even move their own limbs."The Brain Gate technology platform was designed to take advantage of the fact that many patients with motor impairment have an intact brain that can produce movement commands.This may allow the Brain Gate system to create an output signal directly from the brain,bypassing the route through the nerves to the muscles that cannot be used in paralyzed people. Achievements: Using the Brain Gate system in the current human trials, a 25 year old quadriplegichas successfully been able to switch on lights, adjust the volume on a TV, changechannels and read e-mail using only his brain. Crucially, the patient was able to dothese tasks while carrying on a conversation and moving his head at the same time.

In addition to real-time analysis of neuron patterns to relay movement, the Braingate array is also capable of recording electrical data for later analysis. A potentialuse of this feature would be for a [[neurologist]] to study seizure patterns in a patient with [[epilepsy]]. According to the Cyber kinetics' website, three patients have been implanted witht h e B r a i n G a t e s ys t e m . T h e c o m p a n y h a s c o n f i r m e d t h a t o n e p a t i e n t ( [ [ M a t t Nagle]]) has a spinal cord injury.