Nyenke, Sarah US History Honors, Period 5 March 12, 2012 Ch. 17 Assessment Terms & Names: 1) A.

Phillip Randolph: The president and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the nations most respected African-American labor leader. 2) Manhattan Project: The code name for the secret project President Roosevelt had created. 3) Rationing: The controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services. 4) Dwight D. Eisenhower: The 34th president of the United States, who served as a Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the US army during World War II. 5) D-Day: The term is signifies as the Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6. 1944. 6) V-E Day: This term commemorates May 8 1945 as the date of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and the end of Hitlers Third Reich. It is called the victory in Europe Day. 7) Douglas MacArthur: The American General and field marshal of the Philippine Army. 8) Hiroshima: One of the target cities where the US dropped their atomic bomb, known as the Enola Gay. 9) GI Bill of Rights: A law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans that included low-cost mortgages, loans to start a business or farm, cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend college, high school or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. 10) Congress of Racial Equality (CORE): a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Main Ideas: 1) The U.S. military reflected the diversity of American society during World War II because, women and many minority groups were also discriminated against in the military just as in the society. They usually didn't receive as much military benefits as compared to the white men. Also, women weren't allowed any combat roles and the minority groups, for most of the war (African Americans: until April 1943), also weren't allowed in any combat roles. This is just like in jobs and everyday life in the society at that time. 2) The industrial demands for wartime production in World War II meant that civilians had to have rationing of basic materials, and some foodstuffs. Bureaucracy expanded dramatically during the war, as did federal power. The government became the single most important force in American life. 3) The media depicted the enemy as inhuman, which rallied the "red blooded American" to defend his family against the invaders. The production of Hollywood movies had a mega

influence on the way the public viewed the war. Of course certain movies had to be edit, for certain allegations made against Americas effort and the enemys resistance. 4) The Allies won control by closing the air gap in the Atlantic where land-based aircraft were unable to provide cover for convoys. By sailing ships in convoys as opposed to ships sailing independently; you can protect more ships with fewer escorts this way - also fewer targets available to the UBoats... blacking out coastal cities so ships are not silouetted by UBoats further out seaward-side. In the beginning of the Battle of the Atlantic, the Germans were sinking ships faster than they could be built. Many, many ships were sunk and huge amounts of stores and war material were lost. Britain was, for a time, in a very perilous position both to submarine and surface ships sinking unarmed merchant ships. 5) Stalingrad marks the high water line of the German invasion of Russia. The German 6th Army was encircled and surrender became inevitable because of lack of supplies. Very few of those captured ever saw Germany again. Gradually, the Russians push back the Germans and their allies. Marshal Zhukov is instrumental in the Soviet success. 6) There were several clues that Germany was reaching the end of its ability to wage war. Horse drawn artillery, wooden wheels, carts to transport supplies and that some units had teenagers and old men filling the ranks as replacements. It signaled the demise of the German empire, the battle of the bulge was the last great offensive Germany planned to stop the lightning advance on the German homeland after several military defeats on the eastern front. 7) The Pacific War in World War II was over the small islands in the Pacific. Countries wanted the Pacific islands for military bases. Islands were skipped to isolate the Japanese garrisons and allow them to "wither on the vine" for lack of supplies. Fighting in the Pacific was unlike fighting in Europe. The campaigns in Europe were characterized by huge ground forces that were driving overland into the heart of the enemy's country. Both in MacArthur's SWPA and Nimitz's POA, the Pacific war was a seemingly endless series of amphibious landings and islandhopping campaigns where naval power, air power, and shipping, rather than large and heavy ground forces, were of paramount importance. 9) Unemployment fell to a low 1.2 percent in 1944 and some workers invested up their paychecks in war bonds. Farmers had battled dust storms and floods, the early 1940's had good weather for farming crops and they also benefited from machinery and fertilizers. As a result, crop production increased by 50percent and the far income tripled. 10) The Congress of racial equality was created to resolve the desegregation of African Americans and Mexican Americans in the military. After the Japanese Interment, the Japanese Americans involved themselves in the War effort: Japanese American Citizens League. Critical Thinking #1 Cause: The provocation from the Japanese and the surprise attack on the military base Pearl Harbor, in Hawa ii.

Cause: Cause: The provocation from the Japanese and the surprise attack on the military base Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii. Cause: