. *Unit 3* .

● Adjectives (qualities of a good newspaper, page 53). En la pág 32 del

workbook hay más adjectives. mirco 🐶

unbiased: comments fairly on current events

hard-hitting: sensitises the public and the authorities

incisive: examines news in depth

revealing: satisfies the public's right to know

uncompromising: not bow to pressure

well-researched: offers accurate information

informative: provides a lot of useful information

misleading: causes someone to believe something that is not true

prejudiced: shows an unreasonable dislike for something or someone

colourful: interesting and exciting

soothing: comforting or calming

● Language focus (page 56, ex. 10 page 57 ex. 14. También del workbook, p.
24). Katy

Vocabulary related to newspapers:

● Editorial (noun): an article in a newspaper that expresses the editor’s opinion on a subject.

E.g.: “The editor’s opinion on important current events can be found in the editorial.”.

● Editorial (adj.): relating to editors or editing, or to the editor of a newspaper or magazine.

● Circulation: the number of people that a newspaper or magazine is regularly sold to. E.g.:

“Although we did in January, circulation figures are still not satisfactory.”.

● Correspondent: a person employed by a newspaper, a television station, etc. to report on a

particular subject or send reports from a foreign country. E.g.: “David works as a foreign

correspondent for the Daily Telegraph.”.

● Column: a piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine that is always written by the same

person and appears regularly. E.g.: “My daughter loves reading the gossip column in the

paper, to find out what her favourite film stars have been up to.”.

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 ● Readership: the group of people who regularly read a particular newspaper, magazine, etc.

E.g.: “Although we publish a university newspaper, our readership extends far beyond the

students attending the college.”.

● Obituary: a report, especially in a newspaper, which gives the news of someone’s death and

details about their life. E.g.: “When Picasso died, all the major newspapers carried an

obituary on him.”.

● Supplement: a part of a magazine or newspaper, either produced separately or as part of

the magazine or newspaper. E.g: “On Sundays I often read the glossy colour supplement

before I turn to the main newspaper.”.

● Broadsheet: a newspaper that is printed on large sheets of paper, or an advertisement

printed on a large sheet of paper. E.g. “A newspaper that is printed on large pages is called

a broadsheet.”.

● Feature: a special article in a newspaper or magazine, or a part of a tv or radio broadcast,

that deals with a particular subject. E.g. “There will be a special feature on health education

in next week’s Sunday Times.”.

● Tabloid: (of or relating to) a type of popular newspaper with small pages that has many

pictures and short, simple reports. E.g. “The tabloid newspapers are printed on small pages

and usually contain light or popular news stories.”.

● Censorship: the act of censoring books, films, etc. E.g.: “In certain countries, censorship of

the press means that not all political opinions can be printed.”.

Sections of newspapers

● Financial section: a section related to money or how money is managed.

● Situations vacant section: a newspaper section containing advertisements for job vacancies.

● Classified ads section: a form of online and print advertising that appears under a particular

category in a publication.

● Politics section: a section concerning the activities of the government.

● Sports section: a section related to games, competitions, etc.

Ex. 14 (p.57)

● Fanzine: a magazine written by people who admire a sports team, musicians, etc.

● Flyer: a small piece of paper with information on it about a product or event.

● Newsletter: a printed or electronic document containing information about the recent

activities of an organisation, sent regularly to the organisation’s members.

2
 ● Newscaster: someone who reads out the reports on a tv or radio news programme.

● Producer: a person who makes practical and financial arrangements needed to make a film,

play, or tv or radio programme.

● Announcer: someone who introduces programmes or reads the news on the tv or radio.

● Interview: a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job

or course.

● Debate: a serious discussion of a subject in which many people take part.

Page 24 (wb).

Collocations
● News bulletin/chat/agency/asylum/debate/presenter.
● Cable/closed-circuit/ television.
● Sports/geography/financial supplement.
● Political asylum/chat/debate.
● Talk/breakfast/game show.
● Incisive/unbiased/education article.

Words/phrases
● Newsflash: a short news report on radio or tv, giving the most recent information about an
important or unexpected event.
● Trailer: an ad for a film or tv or radio programme, consisting of short parts taken from it.
● Interference: noise or other electronic signals that stop you from getting good pictures or
sound on a tv or radio.
● Anchorman: a man who is the main news reader on a tv or radio news programme.
● Air (v): to broadcast something or be broadcast on radio or tv.
● Frequency: a particular number of radio waves produced in a second at which a radio signal
is broadcast.
● Cue card: a card held beside a camera for a tv broadcaster to read from while appearing as if
looking into the camera.
● Action replay: a repeat of an important moment from a sports event shown on tv, often more
slowly to show the action in detail. (pasame la repe)
● Decoder: a piece of equipment that allows you to receive particular tv signals.
● Prime time: in tv and radio broadcasting, the time when the largest number of people are
watching or listening.
● Reception: the degree to which radio or tv sounds and pictures are clear.
● Commercial: an ad that is broadcast on tv or radio.
● Screen (v): to show or broadcast a film or tv programme.
● Highlights: the best or most exciting, entertaining, or interesting part of sth.

3
● Adjectives for describing how often a publication comes out (p.57, ex 13)
mirco

daily: every day

weekly: once a week

fortnightly: once every two weeks

monthly: every month

quarterly: once every three months

biannual: once every six months

● Phrasal verbs (ex. 15 page 57) JULI

1. Die down: when something (specially noise or excitement) gradually becomes less loud or
strong until it stops.
Example: “she waited for the laughter to die down before she spoke.””

2. Drag on: to go on for too long.

Example: “the speech is really dragging on, I hope it ends soon.”

3. Egg sb on: to strongly encourage sb to do sth that might not be a very good idea.
Example: “don’t egg her on, she takes enough dangerous risks as it is.”

4. To fall back on: to use sth, especially a form of financial support, when other things have
failed.
Example: “when I lost my job, I had to fall back on my savings.”

5. Fall behind with: to lag or fail to keep up with something or someone.

Example: “She has fallen back with her work, she’ll have to do some overtime.”

6. Get sth fit out: to supply something with all of the things that will be needed.
Example: “we have to get the office fitted out for opening day, there’s a long list of
equipment we have to buy”

7. Follow things through: to continue doing or thinking about an action, plan, or idea until
everything possible is achieved.
Example: “the sib-director just doesn’t follow things through, he needs to show more
perseverance.”

4
● Fixed phrases (ex. 16 page 57) JULI esto era del book gordito? No lo volvi a encontrar;;

no se

1. Doom:

2. Prefer not to have:

3. Deprive:

4. Repel:

5. Unfairly give sb a bad reputation:

6. Burgle:

7. Dispose of:

8. Allude to:

9. Decorate:

10. Force to disappear:

● Collocations (ex. 17 page 58). JULI

1. Couch potato: someone who spends most of their time watching TV and does not exercise

or have any interesting hobbies.

Example: “He does nothing except watch TV. he’s becoming a real couch potato.”

2. Prime time: the time at which a radio or television audience is expected to be at its highest.
Example: "the show is networked at prime time”

3. Satellite dish: a dish which receives direct-broadcast satellite television from a direct
broadcast satellite in geostationary orbit.
Example: “you won’t watch the football match properly unless you fix the satellite dish first”

4. Quality press: the more serious newspapers which give detailed accounts of world events, as
well as reports on business, culture, and society
Example: “One might have hoped for more from the so-called quality press.”

5. Commercial break: an interruption in the transmission of a broadcast programme, or an

intermission between programmes, during which advertisements are broadcast.
Example: “I went to drink some water during the commercial break”

6. TV & radio listing: a printed or electronic timetable of television programs.

7. Regular columnist: someone who writes a regular article for a newspaper or magazine.

5
 Example: “He was a freelance and regular columnist to a number of magazines and
newspapers.”

8. Press officer: a person who works in the office of an organisation (such as a political party or
a government department) that gives information to newspapers, magazines, television news
programs, and radio stations.
Example: “Conservative sources claimed that its press officers were asked about the
rumours by members of the national media before the emails came into the public domain.”

Commonly confused words (p.58, ex.18). Katy

● There is extensive/full coverage of the World Cup final on all sports channels.
● Tonight’s feature film is a gritty/gripping drama starring Jack Nicholson.
● Live/running commentary.
● Popular/local press.
● The weather man/girl on Channel 4 is always smartly dressed.

● Prepositions (ex.19 page 58). Tomi

1. Tell something in confidence: To tell someone you trust a secret.

2. Be at a disadvantage.

3. In some respects/ In one respect: true in one or more ways. “In some respects, the new

version is not as good as the old one.

4. At such short notice: without knowing very far ahead of time that something is going to

happen.

"I can't cancel my plans at such short notice"

5. In place of (smth): do something instead of another thing. “They screened the president’s

speech in place of the football match.” PLEI?si

6. In the end: eventually or in reflection. “In the end, it doesn’t even matter.”

7. Be In agreement. “The staff is in agreement with the new rule.”

8. Be in progress. “Don’t enter! Film is in progress.”

9. Be up in the air: no decisions have been made about the topic.

10. Be at ease: free from worry or awkwardness. “I’m not at ease during exams.”

● Useful vocabulary: comparing / evaluating / suggesting alternatives (p.61)

Language used in listening de la invasión de Marte:

1. Leading competition: your main adversary.

6
 2. Update: modernised something(?.

3. Scene.

4. Special bulletin: a short news report that interrupts the normal schedule.

5. Realistic.

6. Novel-based story.

7. Miscarriage: unplanned expulsion of a foetus from the womb before it is able to survive

independently.

Language for speculating:

1. Picture A shows …, whereas/while picture D portrays …

2. I think the 2 pictures are similar/ different in that …

3. The most important difference/similarity between the 2 pictures is …

4. It’s easy/not hard to see/notice the similarity/difference in …

Language for evaluating:

1. I don’t think picture A would have a place to…

2. Picture A attempts to…, but I think picture B does this more effectively.

3. I would definitely (not) include picture A in…

4. To me, picture A is essential for this kind of publication.

Language for suggesting alternatives:

1. What would have been really effective is…

2. It’s a shame we don’t have a picture showing…

3. The cover would be so much better if we had a picture of…

4. A picture of… would do the job so much better.

● Grammar: passive voice, the causative (p.64). JULI

A.Passive voice + prepositions: by, from, in, with.

A. The door was opened with a long piece of wire by an experienced thief.

B. The stadium was packed with cheering fans.

C. I’m not particularly interested in animals.

D. My wife’s name, Zoe, is derived from the Greek word for “life”.

E. The wooden table was painted with a special protective varnish.

F. He was distracted from his work as a result of the noise.

G. He was covered in bruises after the fight. (if it is sth not pleasant or difficult to remove, we

use “covered in”)

B. The causative (“have sth done”) we can use it to make suggestions or comments.

7
 A. “I really don’t have the time to do my taxes this year.”

“You should have them done by someone else.”

B. “There is a constant drought coming through that broken window.”

“We should have it repaired.”

● Prefixes: re-, over-, under-, and out- (p.66 ex.38).

Essay writing: balanced arguments (p.72). katy

- An introduction, in which you clearly mention both sides.

- A main body, in which the paragraphs are divided equally between the two opposing

viewpoints.

- A conclusion, in which you summarise the main body and/or make a thought-provoking

comment.

● Phrasals with get and fall qué mandó susana por wsp yop 🐶

Fall

fall apart: to break into pieces

"The old vase in the living room finally fell apart into several pieces"

fall back on: to resort to

"When there's nothing to eat in the house, I usually fall back on making a simple sandwich"

fall in with: to agree with

"She tends to fall in with her friends' opinions rather than asserting her own"

fall into: to engage (in conversation)

"During the dinner, we fell into a conversation about our favourite movies"

fall through: to fail (of agreements etc)

"Unfortunately, the plan to go to the beach on Saturday fell through because of the bad weather"

fall to: to become someone's duty

"With the teacher being absent, the responsibility to lead the class fell to the class monitor"

8
Get

get about/ around: to circulate

"News about the murder got around quickly in the small town."

get along: to leave

"It's time for me to get along and head home."

get around to: to eventually do something

"I finally got around to cleaning the garage this weekend."

get away: to take a holiday

"After a year of hard work, they decided to get away for a relaxing vacation"

● For and against essays (P.B.: Successful Writing). T

Structure: Paragraph 1: state topic (summary without giving your opinion).

P. 2 and 3: arguments for and justifications, examples, and/or reasons.

P. 4 and 5: arguments against and justifications, examples, and/or reasons.

Final p.: balanced consideration/ your opinion directly or indirectly.

Useful expressions:

1. To list points: Firstly, First of all, in the first place, to begin/start with, Secondly, Thirdly,

finally.

2. To list advantages: One/Another/ A further/ An additional (major) advantage of … is.., The

main/ greatest / first advantage of … is…

3. To list disadvantages: One/Another/ A further/ An additional (major)disadvantage/drawback

of …, The main/greatest/most serious/ first disadvantage/drawback of…, another negative

aspect of…

4. To introduce points: One (very convincing) point/ argument/ in favour of… / against…, a

further common criticism of…, it could be argued that…

5. To add more points to the same topic: In addition to this, furthermore, moreover, besides,

apart from, what is more, as well as, not to mention that, also, not only… but also/as well, as

well as, both … and …, there is another side to the issue/question/argument of…

9
6. To make contrasting points: on the other hand, however, still, yet, but, nonetheless,

nevertheless, even so, it may be argued /said/claimed that others/many people oppose this

viewpoint/ strongly disagree, claim/feel/believe this argument is incorrect/misguided.

7. Introduce examples: for example (e.g.), for instance, such as, like, in particular, particularly,

specially, this is clearly illustrated/shown by the fact that…, One/A clear/ striking/typical

example of this.

8. To emphasise a point: clearly, obviously, naturally, of course, needless to say, indeed.

9. To express reality: in fact; the fact is actually, in practice, in effect.

10. To make general statements: as a general rule, generally, in general, on the whole, by and

large, in most cases.

11. To make partially correct statements: to a certain/some extent/degree, in a way/sense, this

is partially true, to a limited extent, in some cases, up to a point.

12. To explain/clarify points: in other words, that is to say (i.e.), this/which means that.

● Story: The Monkey’s Paw. 🐵 🐾

Conditionals yop 🐶

Zero Conditional: Used for general truths or facts.

Structure: If + present simple, present simple.

"If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils"

First Conditional: Used for possible future actions or events.

Structure: If + present simple, will + base form.

"If it rains tomorrow, we will stay indoors"

Second Conditional: Used for unreal or unlikely present or future situations.

Structure: If + past simple, would + base form.

"If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car"

Third Conditional: Used for unreal or regretful past situations.

Structure: If + past perfect, would have + past participle.

"If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam".

Mixed Conditionals: Combine elements of different conditionals.

10
 "If it had rained yesterday (past perfect), we wouldn't be having a picnic today (present

simple)”

. *Unit 4* .

Language focus (p.76, 78: idioms, phrasal verbs, fixed phrases. Del wb: p.34 and 35). katy

At sea

● Crossing: a journey across something such as a sea, from one side to the other. E.g.: “Apart

from a rough crossing from the mainland to the island, the journey was very pleasant.”.

● Drift (v): to move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over

direction. E.g.: “The boys stopped rowing and let the boat drift slowly with the current.”.

● Moor (v): to tie a boat so that it stays in the same place. E.g.: “The harbour was so full that

many boats were forced to moor just outside.”.

● Disembark: to leave a ship, aircraft, etc. after a journey. E.g. “All visitors to the ship were

asked to disembark half an hour before it sailed.”.

● Fleet: a number of buses, aircraft, ships, etc. under the control of one person or organisation.

E.g. “He owns a fleet of oil tankers, that’s why he’s so wealthy.”.

● Gangway: a passage between two rows of seats. E.g. “Walking up the gangway and onto

the ship, she felt as if her new life had already begun.”.

● Deck: a wooden floor built outside, where people can sit and relax. E.g.: “In the summer it’s

more pleasant to travel on deck than to sit inside.”.

● Steer: to control the direction of a vehicle. E.g. “The captain steered the ship carefully

through the narrow harbour entrance.”.

● Board: on a boat, train, on aircraft.”. E.g.: “Cruise liners always have a doctor on board.”.

● Run aground: when a ship touches the ground in a shallow part of a river, lake, or the sea,

and gets stuck. E.g: “Local fishermen have rescued the passengers and crew of the yacht

which ran aground in thick fog last night.”.

Air travel

● Boarding pass/card: a pass that allows you to board a ship or plane. E.g.: “You cannot board

the plane unless you have a boarding pass/card.”.

11
 ● Charter flight: a flight in an aircraft in which all the seats are paid for by a travel company

and then sold to their customers, usually at a lower cost than that of a scheduled flight.

● Direct flight: a flight with one or more intermediate stops but no change of aircraft.

● Business/executive class: a type of air travel that is more expensive and has better

conditions than economy class.

● Poor/limited visibility. E.g.: “The plane’s takeoff was delayed due to poor/limited visibility on

the runway.”.

● Rough/bumpy landing: not a smooth landing.

● In-flight movie/entertainment. E,g, “After take-off, we settled down to watch the in-flight

movie/entertainment.”.

● Window/aisle seat. E.g. “I asked the person at the check-in if I could have a window/aisle

seat.”.

● Heavy/severe turbulence. E.g.: “During the flight, we encountered some heavy/severe

turbulence.”.

Idioms

● To take sb for a ride: to deceive or cheat someone. E.g.: “I’m convinced that the travel agent

took us for a ride when he sold us those tickets at such an outrageous price.”.

● To walk on air: feeling very happy. “I’m enjoying myself so much on this holiday, I’m walking

on air.”.

● To go to great lengths: to make a great or extreme effort to do something. E.g.: “The hotel

staff goes to great lengths to ensure that every customer is completely satisfied.”.

● To swim against the tide: to think or behave in a way that agrees/disagrees with how most

other people think or behave. E.g.: “Running a business nowadays without using a computer

is really swimming against the tide.”.

● To be in the same boat: to be in the same unpleasant situation as other people. E.g.: “My

sister and I are in the same boat, neither of us have the money to go on holiday.”.

● To let things ride: to not take any action to stop something wrong or unpleasant. E.g.:

“You’ll only make things worse if you try and confront the problem now. Just let things ride

for a week or two and see what happens.”

● Wheeling and dealing: an attempt to make a deal or get an advantage by using complicated

and sometimes dishonest or unfair methods. E.g.: “It’s not clear to me why the company

chose to go into partnership with Smiley’s travel agency. There must have been a lot of

wheeling and dealing going on behind the scenes.”.

12
 ● To drive sb round the bend: to make someone very bored or very angry. E.g.: “Gill has been

annoying me lately, yesterday she was really driving me round the bend.”.

● To fly off the handle: to lose control of one's emotions: to become very angry. E.g.: “I still

can’t understand why the taxi driver flew off the handle when I told him which route to take,

he must have been upset about sth.”.

● To rock the boat: to do or say something that will upset people or cause problems. E.g.:

“The hotel bill was more than I’d expected but I paid it without questioning it; I didn’t want

to rock the boat.”.

Phrasal verbs

● Get along: to deal with a situation, usually successfully. E.g.: “I can’t stand here all day

chatting, I should be getting along. I’ve a bus to catch.”.

● Fall back on: to use something for help because no other choice is available. E.g.: “Should

the terrain be too mountainous for jeeps we can always fall back on the mules.”.

● Fall through: to fail to happen. E.g. “The agreement between the two airlines to merge has

fallen through.”.

● Get about: to be able to move or travel about. E.g.: “I wouldn’t be able to get about as much

as I do if I didn’t have my car.”.

● Fall in: to join or agree with (a plan, idea, company, etc.). E.g.: “The local residents have

finally fallen in with the proposal to build a light rail system.”.

● Get around: to deal with or avoid a difficult situation. E.g. “It’s high time the bus company

got around to replacing its buses.”.

● Get away: to leave or escape from a person or place, often when it is difficult to do this. E.g.:

“We’re going to get away from it all by going on a cruise.”.

● Fall apart: to break into pieces. E.g.: “That old car of yours is slowly falling apart.”.

● Fall to: to be or become the duty or job of someone. E.g.: “Ultimate responsibility for the

upkeep of the motorway network falls to the government.”.

● Fall into: to start doing something, often without intending to. E.g.: “On the long flight back

from Mexico I fell into conversation with the person seated next to me.”.

Fixed phrases

● “The entire ship’s crew is falling ill.”.

● “I’m getting a feeling that we’re going to have a long delay in getting through customs.”.

● “What category does this car fall into?”.

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 ● “The national railway network has fallen into disrepair.” (=had been totally neglected).

● “How much could I get for my car?”.

Wb (p.34 and 35)

● Seasoned traveller: a person who has a lot of experience of travelling. E.g.: “He doesn’t

mind long-haul flights, as he’s a seasoned traveller.”.

● Scenic beauty: views of impressive or beautiful natural scenery. E.g.: “We decided to get off

the motorway and contemplate an area of scenic beauty.”.

● Pier: a low structure built at the edge of water, used especially for getting into and out of

boats. E.g. “He loves fishing, so he goes to the nearby pier every Sunday.”.

● Transatlantic flight: a flight crossing the Atlantic ocean. E.g.: “He won’t even leave his

hometown, so it will be a transatlantic flight.”.

● Pebbly beach: a beach covered with pebbles or stones rather than sand. E.g.: “The only

drawback of the resort is its pebbly beach.”.

● Jetty: a wooden or stone structure built in the water at the edge of a sea or lake and used by

people getting on and off boats. E.g.: “Unless you have a boarding pass, you can’t be in the

jetty to get on the boat.”.

● Itinerary: a detailed plan or route of a journey. E.g.: “It would be useful to see John while in

NY, so we start arranging our itinerary.”.

● Junction: a place where things, especially roads or railways, come together. E.g.: “According

to the map, we’re about to approach a junction.”.

● Part and parcel: to be an unavoidable feature of something. E.g.: “Having to curtail one’s

social life is part and parcel of being a parent.”.

Page 35, ex. 4 and 5

● Come out in a rash. E.g.: “I seem to have come out in a rash.”.

● Put sth off. E.g.: “This is urgent, so don’t put it off.”.

● To come down with. “I feel tired and achy, I must be coming down with flu.”.

● Turn down. E.g.: “It’s too good an offer to turn down.”.

● Take off. E.g.: “The plane took off smoothly.”.

● Spread out. E.g.: “The search party spread out over the fields.”.

● Pick up. “Henry picked up a hitchhiker on his way to London.”.

● Pass sth on. “Please don’t pass this information on to anyone else.”.

14
 ● Wrapped up. “Lesley is completely wrapped up in her studies at the moment.” (= to

complete something successfully).

● Kicks off: to start an event or activity, especially in a particular way. E.g. “The match kicks off

at 10pm.”.

Prepositions

● “He has to contend with many problems.”.

● “I presume I can count on your support.”.

● “He is in danger of being expelled.”.

● “He is going to opt for the easy solution.”.

● “Entrance is free for members.”.

● “This is the best-paid job he has had up to date.”.

● “The meeting was called in response to public criticism.”.

● Collocations (sts’ book: p.77 ex.14. wb: p.42, ex.22). JULI

1. Cabin pressure

Example: “For some strange reason, the cabin pressure dropped and many passengers felt

quite faint.”

2. Departure lounge (sala de espera para abordar)

Example: “After passing through security we waited in the departure lounge for our flight.”

3. Breathtaking view

Example: “we climbed to the top of the hill, from where we had a breathtaking view of the

surrounding area.”

4. Guided tour

Example: “our host picked us from the airport and gave us a guided tour of the city.”

5. Ocean liner: a large luxurious passenger ship of a type formerly used on a regular line.

Example: “the luxurious ocean liner took 4 days to sail across the Atlantic.”

6. Upper deck: the topmost full-length deck of a ship.

Example: “all crew members proceeded to the upper deck to participate in the fire drill.”

15
 7. Travel insurance (seguro de viaje)

Example: “it is advisable to take out travel insurance before you go abroad.”

8. In-flight magazine: a free magazine distributed via the seats of an airplane, by an airline
company, or in an airport lounge.
Example: “duty-free items are featured in our in-flight magazine which is in the pocket of

the seat in front of you.”

9. Luggage handler: a person who loads and unloads baggage (suitcases or luggage), and
other cargo for transport via aircraft.
Example: “my suitcase was lost due to the negligence of a certain luggage handler in

Rome.”

10. Passport control

Example: “the suspicious looking man was stopped at passport control by airport security.”

COLLOCATIONS (wb. P.42 ex.22)

1. Beautifully → decorated, sung

2. Lovingly, carefully → cared for, restored, maintained

3. Patiently → waited, listened, explained

4. Hurriedly, swiftly, quickly → left, finished

5. Extremely, very, incredibly → time-consuming, difficult, hard-wearing

6. Totally, completely, absolutely → destroyed, useless

● Commonly confused words (p.77 ex.15). JULI

1. Slip: lose one's footing and slide unintentionally for a short distance.
2. Slide: move smoothly along a surface while maintaining continuous contact with it.
3. Skid: (of a vehicle) slide, typically sideways or obliquely, on slippery ground or as a result of
stopping or turning too quickly.
4. Fasten (your seatbelts)
5. Tie: attach or fasten with string or similar cord.
6. Fix: fasten (something) securely in a particular place or position.
7. Return: come or go back to a place or person.
8. Reverse: move backwards.
9. Retract: draw back.
10. Adjust: alter or move (something) slightly in order to achieve the desired fit, appearance, or
result.

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 11. Modify: make partial or minor changes to (something).
12. Shorten
13. Swing: move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an
axis.
14. Veer: change direction suddenly.
15. Swerve: change or cause to change direction abruptly.

● Giving instructions and advice (p.79).

● Prepositional verbs (de la fotocopia de susan). Katy

Nestle (at) To settle or lie in a close

comfortable position.

“There is a cabin nestled at the

foot of the snow-capped
mountains.”.

Perch (on) To come to rest, esp. On a thin,

raised object or in a high,
unsafe position.

“The restaurant is perched on

an unsafe position on the top
of the mountain.”.

Sprawl (out) To spread out ungracefully

over a wide area.

“The ‘villas’ from Bs As sprawl

out to the urban areas of the
city.”.

Wind through To follow a twisting course,

with many changes of
direction.

“This river winds through the

forest.”.

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 Curve round To bend in the shape of a
curve, around sth.

“This road is curving round the

cliff.”.

Slope down To be or go at an angle.

Descriptive vocabulary

● Bustle of/on the street outside.

● Deafening music.

● Sparkling eyes.

● Bewildering variety of shops.

● Countless hordes of zombies/tourists/animals.

● Chaotic, cramped streets of the city.

● Chirping birds.

● Towering buildings/mountains.

● Buzz of people’s voices/laughs.

● Dazzling colours landscapes/shops/flowers.

● Jostle each other on the street/markets/subway.

● Muted gasps of the audience witnessing…

● To squeeze past the crowd.

● Lush/gorgeous area of green vegetation.

● Stunning views.

● The place is perched (on) the top of the mountain.

● The city sprawls (out) from the urban area to the outskirts.

● The pathway winds through the forest/countryside/jungle.

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 ● Words on the box copy de susan (ex.3). T

Exotic place.

Nestle at the foot of a mountain.

Tranquil waters.

Sprawl out (to cause to spread out carelessly or awkwardly). Sprawl out vegetation.

Wind through route or river (look above for definition).

Curve around the mountain/lake (“).

Squawking geese. (of a bird) make a loud, harsh noise.)

Slope down cliff / street / coast. (look above for def.)

Hum of clinking bells in the church / dishes at a restaurant.

Idyllic (extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.) An attractive hotel in an idyllic setting.

Well-preserved buildings / corpse (según Susana, re gótico su ejemplo).

Breathtaking view / setting.

Awe-inspiring (arousing awe (respect) through being impressive or formidable.). An awe-inspiring

masterpiece.

Mouth-watering (smelling, looking, or sounding delicious.).

Splash water.

Odour nearby the wasteland.

Buzz of insects.

Bustle and hustle (busy noisy activity of a lot of people in one place). I hate the bustle and hustle of

the marketplace.

● Terms to describe a beach (copy de susan, ex.6) yop 🐶

Terms to describe a bitch (voy a describir las que no son obvias)

cliff-top: an area of ground at the top of a cliff

idyllic: extremely pleasant, beautiful or peaceful place

exhilarating: stimulating, making you feel very excited and happy

high tide (marea alta): the time when the sea or a river reaches its highest level and comes furthest

up the beach or the bank

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unspoiled: a place which is beautiful because it has not been changed or damaged by people.

breezy: with wind that is quite strong but pleasant

barren: unable to produce plants or fruit

rivulet: a very small stream or flow of liquid

● Expressions related to travelling (de la copy de susan: to travel light, off the beaten

track, etc.).

Live it up: spend lots of money, travel in luxury.

Catch some rays: sunbathe.

To have everything planned out: have a strict plan.

To see how the mood takes me: make decisions depending on how you are feeling.

Off the beaten track: a place without many tourists.

Culture shock: feel uncomfortable in a new place.

Watch your back: be careful.

To travel light: travel without much stuff.

To travel on a shoestring: not spend too much money while travelling.

Get the travel bug: (the cousin of the love bug.) be addicted to travelling.

Culture vulture: someone who likes museums, art galleries.

To feel right at home: feel very comfortable.

Get up at the crack of dawn: early in the morning.

Savour the local delicacies: posh way of “enjoy local food” bue.

Sit and watch the world go by: Relax, don’t do anything. (como el hawthorne)

● Inversion (p.84 del sts’ book y también lo de la copy de susan). yop 🐶

Questions:

Is she coming to the party?

Have you ever been to Paris?

Conditional Sentences:

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Should…

Should you need assistance, please contact us.

Had…

Had I known, I would have helped.

Only if...

Only if you study regularly will you pass the exam.

Not unless...

Not unless you finish your homework can you go out to play.

Negative Adverbial Expressions:

Never…

Never had I seen such a beautiful sunset.

Rarely…

Rarely does he complain about anything.

Little did I know...

Little did I know that my life was about to change forever.

Under no circumstances…

Under no circumstances should you enter the restricted area.

Only after...

Only after the sun had set did he realise he had lost his way.

No sooner...

No sooner had she finished cooking than the guests arrived.

Neither...

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 "I don't like horror movies." "Neither do I.

On no account...

On no account should you reveal your password to anyone.

On no condition...

On no condition should you leave the door unlocked.

At no time...

At no time did he doubt his decision to pursue his dream.

Only when...

Only when the sun began to rise did they realise they had been hiking all night.

Scarcely...

Scarcely had I started reading the book when the power went out.

● Communication: extending, accepting, and refusing invitations (wb p.41). T

Extending invitations: What would you say to…? Want to join us?, Why don’t you…?, Want/Need a

lift?, Would you like to…?, How about…?, Can I buy you something?

Accepting inv.: Sounds like a good idea!, Wonderful!, I’d love/like that, that would be great, Yes,

please daddy.

Rejecting inv.: Maybe some other time, How about tomorrow?, I'd love to… but, that would be nice…

but.

● Descriptive adjectives/verbs (wb, p.42 ex.21). katy

Nice Quaint; attractive; pretty; lovely; enchanting; wonderful; impressive.

Bad Awful; dreadful; horrible; disgusting; unpleasant; miserable; boring.

Small Minute; tiny; minuscule; miniature; tiddly; teeny; weeny.

Big Huge; massive; gigantic; enormous; bumper; immense.

Walk/run Sprint; stroll; dash; trudge; limp.

Speak/say Shriek; mumble; exclaim; yell; bellow.

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 Look/see Glance; glimpse; squint; notice; scrutinise.

● Writing: describing places. katy

Introduction ➡ Paragraph 1: name/location/population of the place, reason for choosing the place.

Main body ➡ Paragraphs 2 - 3: general features and particular details (place: surroundings, sights,

facilities, free-time activities. Building: surroundings, detailed description of exterior/interior).

Paragraphs 4-5: explanation and example/justification.

Conclusion ➡ Final paragraph (comments/feelings and/or a recommendation).

LANGUAGE AND INTERCULTURALITY III

REVISION : UNITS 3-5

1) The following words are related to qualities (negative or positive) which can be associated with
reporters, newspapers and the media in general. Choose ten items and write self-explanatory
sentences, in reference to our country:

Un(biased) cajoling head-to-head uncompromising

Hard-hitting incisive well-researched revealing
Readership tabloid feature editorial
Flyer newscaster

2) Choose the correct alternative to complete the gaps:

a- The weather was so nice that we travelled on …………………..instead of inside the biat.
Moor deck board transfer

b- I’ve always dreamt of travelling in a luxurious ocean ………………….

Cruiser voyage liner tour

c- This island is the perfect …………………… for those who seek peace and quiet.
Destination stretch track goal

d- The hotel room had a ………………………view, …………………… the beach.

Bequeathed twinkling indulging breathtaking
Overlooking overhanging over viewing overseeing

e- The seats in …………………….class were more comfortable than those in economy.

Business gangway crossing in-flight

f- It’s high time you got ……………….. doing your homework.

In to away for upon round to

g- When you stop at the lay-by in a motorway, always put your …………………lights on.
Signal flash danger hazard

h- I could have answered back, but I didn’t want to …………………the boat.

Rock move ride push

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 i- The long river ……………….through the lush tropical forest.

Winds curves swerves nestles

j- The picturesque village is ……………….. at the majestic Swiss mountain foot.

Perched nestled located settled

k- As we passed by the ……………. restaurant, we could hear the ……………. of laughter and
voices, and the ……………. sound of dishes.
towering dazzling bewildering cramped
Buzz hum pitch tone (two choices possible)
Muted deafening clinking massive

3) Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions. When two options are possible, explain the difference.
Then, write sentences.

a- ………IN…. debt
b- ……IN……danger
c- Covered ………IN/WITH…..
d- Packed …………..
e- ……ON…….duty
f- ……OUT OF…………the ordinary (2 words)
g- Derive …………FROM………….
h- …..For……the record

4)Rewrite the following sentences. In some cases, words or instructions are given.

a. I dislike your laughing at me.

I DISLIKE BEING LAUGHED AT……(passive voice)
b. Some decades ago, nobody had even dreamt of the spread of the Internet.
The spread of the Internet HAD NEVER BEEN DREAMED……
c. The criminal wore a mask so that the police wouldn’t recognize him.
The criminal WORE A MASK TO AVOID BEING RECOGNISED…..(use AVOID)
d. I usually work better when teachers put pressure on me.
I like HAVING TEACHERS TO PUT PRESSURE ON ME….(Use HAVING)
e. d- This building had been totally neglected.
This building ……………………………………………(Use DISREPAIR)
f. There were rumours that the workers had agreed with the proposal.
The workers …………………………………………………………………
g. We worked so hard that our teachers congratulated us.
So …………………………………………………………………………..
h. Tom didn’t show up. He didn’t call me, either.
Tom ………………………………………………………(Use NEITHER)
i. As soon as he started delivering his speech, the lights went out.
No sooner …………………………………………………
j. I have never seen such an amazing landscape
Never ……………………………………………………………….
k. Do not open this gate under any circumstances.
Under ………………………………………………………………..

5) Complete the following sentences with ideas of your own:

a. Such WAS HER BEAUTY THAT I COULDN’T BELIEVE MY

EYES……………………………………………………
b. Little DID I KNOW THAT MY LIFE WAS ABOUT TO CHANGE
DRASTICALLY………………
c. Not only DID I PASS THE ASSIGNMENTS, BUT ALSO THE TEST……
d. Only IF YOU STUDY WILL YOU HAVE A CHANCE TO PASS THIS EXAM………
e. Had it …………………………………………………………………………………

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 6) Choose words from the box and use them to form idioms. Then, explain their meanings.

Ride lengths tide boat handle

Air
TAKE FOR A RIDE
SWIM AGAINST THE TIDE
TO BE ON THE SAME BOAT
TO WALK ON AIR
To go to great length.
Fly off the handle

7) What places can you describe using these words?

EXOTIC TRANQUIL SPRAWL (OUT)

CURVE ROUND SQUAWKING SLOPE DOWN IDYLLIC
WELL-PRESERVED BREATHTAKING AWE-INSPIRING MOUTH-
WATERING SPLASH ODOUR BUZZ BUSTLE MASSIVE
CHIRPING

8) Use the expressions below to write self-explanatory sentences:

HANDLE BOAT FEELING AIR
BEND RIDE TIDE DEAL
SEA
9) Answer the following questions about the articles read, using specific vocabulary:

a- “Anyone for a holiday”: What does the author say about the disadvantages of holidays?
b- Give reason why people travel. (use: insight…, fulfillment…, get away from …, refresh,
rejuvenate,
c- Describe: Playa Union, Puerto Madryn, Gaiman and compare/ contrast them with both
Caribbean beaches (with a long /i:/ sound) and any crowded, state-of-the art European city.

10- Write sentences:

a- Get the travel bug

b- Fall apart
c- culture shock
d- Live it up
e- Travel/ live on a shoestring
f- Travel light

11- Consider the questions at the end of the copy seen in class, and those in the “Speaking Section”,
Upstream Proficiency (Students’ book)

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