GS 4 ETHICS Terms

Definitions and Real World Examples

Y
An exclusive @CSEWhy presentation

H
W
SE
C
@

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 1

INDEX
Term(s) Page Number
Ethics, Values 3
Morals, Attitudes 4
Aptitude, Integrity 5

Y
Objectivity, Non Partisanship 6
Impartiality, Probity 7

H
Sympathy, Empathy 8
Compassion 9

W
Dedication, Tolerance

Responsibility, Answerability

Accountability, Commitment
10

11

12
SE
Transparency, Spirit of Service 13
Perseverance, Courage of Conviction 14

Public Service, Openness 15

C

Fortitude, Emotional Intelligence 16

RTI, Work Culture, Quality Service Delivery 17

@

Citizen’s Charter, Governance, Corporate Gov 18

Selfishness, Conscience 19

Sarvodaya, Trusteeship, Leadership 20

Personality, Behavior Norms 21

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 2

Customs, Persuasion, Discipline 22

Corruption, Passion, Dignity 23
Virtue, Success, Ethical Dilemma 24
Conflict of Interest, Law, Equality & Equity 25

Note from @CSEWhy

It takes a lot of effort, time and money to compile an inclusive, dynamic,

Y
and holistic document like this. It will be of great value if you could make a
voluntary contribution to support my endeavor(s) at UPSC CSE WHY

H
🙂
Please pay ₹99/- at https://razorpay.me/@csewhy as a thank you amount
for this document!

W
SE
C
@

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 3

1.) WORD → ETHICS

DEFINITION
• Moral standards that society adapts for itself. Ethics are a set of dos and don’ts that govern
human conduct in a social setting.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Drinking alcohol is ethical in the west while unethical in India.

RECENT EXAMPLE

Y
• Panama paper leaks - tax evasion is unethical.

PERSONALITY

H
• Azim premji --> philanthropist in India, does his business and lives in an ethical way.

QUOTE
• "Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do".

W
--POTTER STEWART
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
2.) WORD → VALUES

DEFINITION
• Values are internal or external benchmarks or standards on which desirability of an action can
be measured.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
C

• Honesty, Positivity, Optimism, Courage,Temperance

RECENT EXAMPLE
@

• Shahida parveen (sub inspector in Rishikesh) put of her wedding to be able to look after
migrant workers during covid.

PERSONALITY
• JL NEHRU → he valued → democracy, institution building, consensus building, secularism,
internationalism etc.

QUOTE
• "Education without values, as useful as it seems rather to make man a cleverer devil"
-- CS LEWIS
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 4

3.) WORD → MORALS

DEFINITION (personal ethics)

• Principles of right and wrong held by an individual which affects one’s decision making.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Not cheating in exams.

PERSONALITY
• KAILASH SATYARTHI → Bachpan Bacho Andolan → freed more than 90000 kids from

Y
servitude including bonded labor.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

H
4.)WORD → ATTITUDE

DEFINITION

W
• A person's learned, enduring tendency to act, think and feel in particular ways towards a class
of people, object, idea or an event.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Negative attitude towards smoking.
SE
RECENT EXAMPLE
• Politicians positive attitude towards minority vote bank.

PERSONALITY
• Gandhi's negative attitude towards violence.
C

• Stephen Hawking - many issues still have a positive attitude.

QUOTE
• Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character. -- Albert Einstein.
@

• Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference. -- Winston Churchill.

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 5

5.) WORD → APTITUDE

DEFINITION
• Natural or inherent capacity to acquire a certain skill or ability in the future through appropriate
training

RECENT EXAMPLE
• IIT -D students → low cost ventilator.

PERSONALITY

Y
• Michael Phelps has an attitude for swimming

QUOTE
• "Every flower blooms at a different place".

H
• Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole
life believing that it is stupid. -- Albert Einstein.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------

W
--------------------

6.) WORD → INTEGRITY

DEFINITION
SE
• Consistency of thought, speech and action while adhering to the highest possible moral
standards.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Following traffic rules even when police are not there.
C

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Satyendra Dubey, Indian Engineering Service officer, working with the National Highways
Authority of India exposed corruption in the Golden Quadrilateral project and remained honest.
He had to lose his life.
@

PERSONALITY
• M VISVESWARAYA --> He carried two sets of candles, one for official work from govt money
and other for personal work by personal money.

QUOTE
• Integrity is doing what is correct even when no one is watching -- CS LEWIS

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 6

7.) WORD → OBJECTIVITY

DEFINITION
• Ability to base one's decisions and actions on observable facts, figures, evidences, data rather
than personal biases or external influences.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Selection of a company for road construction tenders on the basis of facts and figures and not
based on Nepotism and favoritism.

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• RBI's Monetary Policy decision based on facts, data etc.
• Dashboard monitoring of Poshan Abhiyan by NITI Aayog to fight malnutrition.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------

H
--------------------

8.) WORD → NONPARTISANSHIP

W
DEFINITION
• It means non-disposition of civil servants towards any political party i.e to remain politically
neutral.
SE
PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Referee in football.

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Speaker criticized members of the ruling party for passing comments against opposition
members.
C

PERSONALITY
• TN SESHAN reforms in ECI and election ecosystem in India showed his nonpartisan stance.
• NAM Movement.
@

QUOTE
2nd ARC --> "Bureaucracy should remain governmental neutral, not programme neutral".

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 7

9.) WORD → IMPARTIALITY

DEFINITION
• Decisions or choices are not influenced at all by personal beliefs, preferences or which
members of a group are going to be affected by them.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Mother's treatment towards all children.

RECENT EXAMPLE

Y
• ECI bans candidates' campaigns like Yogiji, Manuka Gandhi etc irrespective of which political
party they belong to.

PERSONALITY

H
• RN RAVI -->became interlocutor between govt and Naga's because of his impeccable record
of impartiality as an IPS officer.

W
QUOTE
• Justice is impartiality. Only strangers are impartial -- GB SHAW

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
10.) WORD → PROBITY

DEFINITION
• The quality of strict adherence to highest principles and ideals such as integrity, honesty,
decency, good character etc in performance of an act.
C

• It is a maximalist approach to life -- a person or organization adheres to best principles or

ideals rather than passive avoidance to dishonest practices.
• Probity is the means to the ends of good governance.
@

RECENT EXAMPLE / PERSONALITY

• Ashok khemka --> transferred 50+ times in 30 years of service but still upholds probity.
• Anil kumar lakhina(DC-Ahmednagar) --> Admin reforms such as single window system,
scientific record keeping for better service delivery and grievance redressal.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 8

11.) WORD → SYMPATHY

DEFINITION
• Acknowledging another person's hardships, feeling pity for them but not able to relate to them
or imagine yourself in their position.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Feeling sad for poor/laborers even if they aren't related to you.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------

Y
--------------------

12.) WORD → EMPATHY

H
DEFINITION
• Ability to hear out and understand thoughts, feelings, concerns of others. Putting yourself in
another man's shoes and understanding his pain.

W
PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Relate to the cause of farmers, understand their thought process, needs and problems.

RECENT EXAMPLE
SE
• Swaroshish Somvanshi (IAS, MP) removed ACs from his office and installed them in the
Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre for malnourished children.

PERSONALITY
• Raja Ram Mohan Roy
C

QUOTE
• "EMPATHY IS ABOUT FINDING ECHOES OF ANOTHER PERSON IN YOURSELF."
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
@

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 9

13.) WORD → COMPASSION

DEFINITION
• Ability to hear out and understand thoughts, feelings, concerns of others while having a strong
desire to help, act alleviate the sufferings of others.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• helping a child labour by reaching out to NGO - Bachpan Bacho
• helping kids with their exams
• helping a wounded dog in society with the help of NGO - Sanjay Gandhi Animal Care Centre

Y
• helping victims of road accidents

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Shehzad and Saud, Delhi's self taught vets --> running a wildlife rescue center for injured

H
birds.
• Sindhutai sapkal --> devoted her entire life to orphans --> padma shri.

W
PERSONALITY
• P. NARHARI --> barrier free Gwalior for PWDs
• KIRAN BEDI --> introduced VIPASSANA in jails for the inmates to reform them.

QUOTE
SE
• "Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, Humanity cannot survive."
-- DALAI LAMA
• "Compassion is the basis of morality."

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
C
@

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 10

14.) WORD → DEDICATION

DEFINITION
• Dedication to public service is the deep rooted commitment and devotion towards the welfare
of people.
• It keeps a CS motivated in times of hardships, threat or temptation.
• Dedication helps a CS to go beyond comfort to ensure innovative solutions to problems.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Dedication to pursue my goals.

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• PARMESWARAN IYER --> Retired IAS officer who returned from USA to head Indian
cleanliness drive -- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

H
PERSONALITY

W
• DASHRATH MANJHI --> Mountain man, he carved a path of 110m long through a ridge of hills
using only a hammer and a chisel after his wife died falling from the mountain.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
15.) WORD → TOLERANCE

DEFINITION
• It refers to a fair, objective and liberal attitude towards opinions, practices, race, religion etc
that differs from one's own.
C

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Parents tolerate the tantrums of their children.
@

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Vegetarian officers posted in an area famous for its slaughter houses.

QUOTE
• "I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to my death your right to speak." --
VOLTAIRE
• "In order to maintain a tolerant society the society must be intolerant of intolerance."
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 11

16.) WORD → RESPONSIBILITY

DEFINITION
• It is the moral obligation of an individual to behave with the essence of commitment to the duty.
• Difficult to impose
• Penalty → guilty or shame

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• I am responsible for my result.

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• JUSTIN TRUDEAU (PM, Canada) apologized to the Indian diaspora for the Komagata Maru
incident.

H
PERSONALITY
• Lal Bahadur Shastri took personal responsibility for a train accident and resigned as the
railway minister.

W
• Theresa May, former PM of the UK , took responsibility for a failed Brexit plan and resigned.

QUOTE
• "Price of greatness is responsibility." -- Winston Churchill
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
SE
--------------------

17.) WORD → ANSWERABILITY

DEFINITION
• Responsibility to give justification for one's action
C

• Easy to impose.
• Informal

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
@

• Accountable to the boss but answerable to parents.

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Hong Kong protesters apologized for the harm caused due to protests.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 12

18.) WORD → ACCOUNTABILITY

DEFINITION
• Answerability of a person for his decisions and act of omission and commission to a formal
system.
• Formal responsibility of a person holding an office of trust or power.
• Person holding power faces consequences of his or her actions

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Going to the office on time.

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• Morbi Bridge ( Gujarat ) --> lack of accountability from administration and authority.

H
PERSONALITY
• Vikram sarabhai accepted failure of ISRO first mission ( mission head --> APJ )

W
QUOTE
• It's wrong and immoral to seek escape from the consequences of one's acts. -- Gandhi
• Without accountability, bureaucrats will become a Frankenstein's monster who devours his
own master. -- Ramsay Muir
SE
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

19.) WORD → COMMITMENT

C

DEFINITION
• Deliver services in a fair, effective, impartial and courteous manner.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
@

• Commitment of people in a relationship --> children's commitment to parents to make them

happy.

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Commitment of Indore city towards swachata and cleanliness.

PERSONALITY
• PRADEEP SANGWAN --> healing Himalayas since 2016 ( clears garbage left over by tourists)
• Anand Malligavad --> techie turned lake conservationist --> revived more than 20 lakes in
Bengaluru till now.

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 13
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

20.) WORD → TRANSPARENCY

DEFINITION
• UNDP → Sharing information and acting in an open manner.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Giving a record of your personal expenses to your parents.

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• CAG’s audit reports in public domain
• RBI's Monetary Policy minutes
• RTI ACT, CITIZEN’S CHARTER tools for transparency.

H
• SC vs SUBHASH CHANDRA AGRAWAL CASE ( 5-JB) --> office of CJI --> Pub authority
under RTI.
• Rajasthan govt Jan Soochna portal.

W
PERSONALITY
• U Sagayam ( IAS, TN ) → 1st IAS officer to mak3 his assets public.
• "Reject bribery, hold your head high" - says his office sign board.
SE
QUOTE
• "Information is the currency of democracy" -- Thomas Jefferson

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
C

21.) WORD → SPIRIT OF SERVICE

DEFINITION
• Quality of being committed to public service without any self motives
@

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Delhi police awareness campaign for women safety and empowerment.

PERSONALITY
• OP CHOUDHARY --> Choo Lo Aasman --> education for naxals children.

QUOTE
• Service to man is service to God -- Swami Vivekananda

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 14
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

22.) WORD → PERSEVERANCE

DEFINITION
• Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delays in achieving success.
• Continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failures, or opposition.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE

Y
• UPSC prep, NEET prep

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Perseverance of banking personnel to successfully execute demonetisation drive

H
• Virat kohli's 71st century after 3 years of his last century.

PERSONALITY

W
• Indian freedom fighters
• Nelson Mandela

QUOTE
• Perseverance is not a long race, it is many short races one after the other.
SE
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

23.) WORD → COURAGE OF CONVICTION

C

DEFINITION
• Adherence to the beliefs of what is right and what is wrong even in adverse situations and
threats.
@

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Speaking truth in adverse situations

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Arunima sinha --> first female amputee to scale Mt. Everest and many other Mt. Ranges.

PERSONALITY
• Rani Laxmi Bai --> Revolt of 1857

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 15
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

24.) WORD → PUBLIC SERVICE

DEFINITION
• Any service intended to address specific needs of individuals and society that promotes public
welfare without any personal benefit in return.
• Can also be taken by any public spirited person.

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• Anand Malligavad --> techie turned lake conservationist --> revived more than 20 lakes in
Bengaluru till now.
• Afroz shah --> environmental activist--> Beach cleaning project.

H
PERSONALITY
• E. Shreedharan

W
QUOTE
• Service to man is service to God -- Swami Vivekananda
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
25.) WORD → OPENNESS

DEFINITION
• Holders of public office should act and take decisions in an open and transparent manner.
Information should not be withheld from the public unless there are clear and lawful reasons for
C

doing so.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Open to ideas from juniors while working on college project
@

• Democratic family

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Live proceedings of court.
• Office of CJI under RTI

PERSONALITY
• U Sagayam ( IAS, TN ) --> 1st IAS officer to mak3 his assets public.
• "Reject bribery, hold your head high" - says his office sign board.

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 16
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

26.) WORD → FORTITUDE

DEFINITION
• Fortitude refers to the strength of mind that gives one the capacity to endure adversity with
courage or display of courage in a difficult situation.

Y
PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Fasting

RECENT EXAMPLE

H
• Firemen rushing into a burning building in order to save lives.

PERSONALITY

W
• Sanjukta parashar ( IPS, Assam)

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
27.) WORD → EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

DEFINITION
• ‘the ability to identify one’s own emotions and those of others, harness and apply them to
tasks, and to regulate and manage them’.
• Self awareness --> Self management, social awareness --> relationship management.
C

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Work done by Sonu sood during lock down shows his EI
@

PERSONALITY
• IAS PARMESWARAN IYER --> cleaned a twin toilet pit by himself in Telangana village to
change attitude of people towards self cleaning and to do away with manual scavenging

QUOTE
• The emotional intelligence is not the opposite of intelligence, it is not the triumph of heart over
head - but unique intersection of both -- DAVID CARUSO
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 17
28.) WORD → RTI

DEFINITION
• Participatory democracy, record keeping, sound monitoring, capacity building of PIOs, creating
awareness, robust GRM, minimizing RTI rejections, Suo moto disclosures.

QUOTE
• If liberty and equality, as is thought by some, are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be
best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost.

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------

Y
--------------------

29.) WORD → WORK CULTURE

H
DEFINITION
• It is regarded as a set of practices, values and shared beliefs of an organization and its
employees.

W
• Work culture decides the way employees interact with each other and how an organization
functions.
• PM MODI → New work culture defined by vowels → A(adaptability), E(efficiency), I(inclusivity),
O(opportunity), U(universalism)
SE
PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Professionalism → skills and competence required

RECENT EXAMPLE
• ISRO → Good work culture → great results despite the third world.
• AMITABH BACHCHAN reaches sets on time.
C

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
@

30.) WORD → QUALITY SERVICE DELIVERY

DEFINITION
• Quality of services provided in the public sector is an indicator of how satisfied citizens are with
quality and standards of services provided by the government.

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Umang app → one stop app for all govt services
• E- courts
PERSONALITY
• Armstrong Pame

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 18
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

31.) WORD → CITIZEN’S CHARTER

DEFINITION
• OECD → A CC is a public document that sets out basic information on the services provided,
the standards of services that customers can expect from an organization and how to make
complaints or suggestions for improvement.
• DARPG → A CC represents commitment of an org towards standard, quality and time frame of
service delivery, Grievance redressal mechanism and accountability.

Y
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

32.) WORD → GOVERNANCE

H
DEFINITION
• WORLD BANK → The manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's

W
economic and social resources.

EXAMPLE
• Pallavi Baldev ( DC, Kerala) → received Skoch Award for water conservation through
traditional methods.
SE
• Vikrant Raja ( DC, Pudu ) → NAM NEER SCHEME → revival of 400+ dried, damaged water
bodies to fulfill water shortage in the region.

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
33.) WORD → CORPORATE GOVERNANCE / ETHICS
C

DEFINITION
• CADBURY COMMITTEE → A system by which companies are directed and controlled. It is
concerned with holding balance between economic and social goals and between individual and
@

communal goals. Aim is to encourage efficient use of resources aligned with interests of
stakeholders.

EXAMPLE
• CSR → Project boond ( hpcl ), e- choupal ( ITC ), Project drishti ( Reliance )
• Pnb - nirav modi → negative

QUOTE
• Commerce without morality is a deadly sin -- Gandhi

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 19
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

34.) WORD → SELFISHNESS

DEFINITION
• More concerned with the needs and wishes of others.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Working for NGO
• Helping juniors in college

Y
RECENT EXAMPLE
• Harekala Hajabba → build primary school for underprivileged children by selling oranges.

H
PERSONALITY
• Bhagat singh selfless work for independence.

W
QUOTE
• The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others -- MKG

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
35.) WORD → CONSCIENCE

DEFINITION
• It is the inner voice of reason that helps discriminate between right and wrong, guides one's
behavior and judgements.
C

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Conscience stops you from cheating in exams.
@

QUOTE
• There is a higher court than the court of justice, it is the court of conscience. It supersedes all
other courts. -- MKG

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 20
36.) WORD → SARVODAYA

DEFINITION
• It means 'Universal Upliftment' or 'Progress of All'
• MKG → John Ruskin → Unto This Last
• Socio - Eco equality
• ANTYODAYA → Upliftment of the poorest of the poor.
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

37.) WORD → TRUSTEESHIP

Y
DEFINITION
• Trusteeship is a socio-economic concept put forward by Mahatma Gandhi. Trusteeship means
a way by which the wealthy people would be the trustees of trusts that looked after the welfare

H
of the people in general. In modern times the concept of corporate social responsibility is close
to the idea of Trusteeship.

W
EXAMPLE
• AMUL COOP
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
38.) WORD → LEADERSHIP

DEFINITION
• Leadership is the capacity of a individual to set and achieve challenging goals, take fast and
decisive action when needed, outperform the competition, and inspire others to perform at the
highest level they can.
C

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Leading school cricket team in inter - school competition
@

RECENT EXAMPLE
• Indian men's hockey team performed won Bronze Medal under the leadership of Manpreet
singh

PERSONALITY
• Vikram Sarabhai
• Sunil Chhetri

QUOTE
• A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way and shows the way -- John Maxwell

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 21
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

39.) WORD → PERSONALITY

DEFINITION
• It is stable set of preferences and tendencies through which you approach the world
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

40.) WORD → BEHAVIOR

Y
DEFINITION
• Behavior is an individual’s reaction to a particular action, person or environment. It is the
manner of acting or controlling oneself towards other people.

H
41.) WORD → SOCIAL INFLUENCE

DEFINITION

W
• How our thoughts, actions and feelings are influenced by social groups or outside factors.

EXAMPLE
• Amanpreet Kaur ( Padwoman ) → 'Durga Shakti' initiative → installed vending machines for
pads and distributed more than 20L pads to women in need.
SE
• Hema Das

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

42.) WORD → NORMS

C

DEFINITION
• Informal understanding that governs the behavior of society, team, office, individual etc.
@

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Treating parents with respect, arrange marriage, going to temple daily

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 22

43.) WORD → CUSTOMS

DEFINITION
• Refers to a pattern of behavior that is best, accepted and cherished in a particular society.
• Unlike law, they are prescribed and regulated by society

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

44.) WORD → PERSUASION

Y
DEFINITION
• Process of changing attitude and behavior of target group in desired method through
democratic method

H
PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Persuading people to wear helmet during driving

W
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
SE
45.) WORD → DISCIPLINE

DEFINITION
• It is the commitment of doing what you have to do, even when you do not want to do it.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
C

• Reaching school at time

PERSONALITY
• Neeraj Chopra → discipline → gold in Olympics
@

QUOTE
• “Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment.” – Jim Rohn

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 23

46.) WORD → CORRUPTION

DEFINITION
• TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL → Abuse of entrusted power for private gains.
• Dishonest or unethical conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to
acquire personal gains.

QUOTE
• Corruption in India has wings rather than wheels
• If you get 1rs without working, it means someone has worked and not got his 1rs --

Y
Vivekananda

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

H
47.) WORD → PASSION

W
DEFINITION
• High level of commitment and dedication towards a particular object or principle.

PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Passion for football
SE
PERSONALITY
• Armstrong pame

---------------------------------------------------×-----------------------------------×--------------------------------------
C

-------------------

48.) WORD → DIGNITY

@

DEFINITION
• The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect.
• Self respect, self worth and self importance.

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 24
49.) WORD → VIRTUE

DEFINITION
• A Virtue is a positive value, trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good and is valued by
the society.
• Virtue is moral excellence.
• Virtue provides the way to reach the ideals i.e goals.

EXAMPLE
• Honesty, Courage, Integrity etc are all Virtue

Y
QUOTE
• Knowledge is Virtue -- Socrates

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------

H
--------------------

50.) WORD → SUCCESS

W
DEFINITION
• It is a state of mind, a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction which an individual
experiences after achievement of their self set goals or targets.
SE
PERSONAL EXAMPLE
• Passing your exam

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------
C

51.) WORD → ETHICAL DILEMMA

DEFINITION
• It is a situation when a person has to choose between two equally desirable or undesirable
@

options.

EXAMPLE
• Juvenile Justice vs Mercy
• Law vs Compassion
• Development vs Environment

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter

 25
52.) WORD → CONFLICT OF INTEREST

DEFINITION
• A COI is also a kind of ED only, which involves a conflict between a public official's duty to
serve the public interest and the pub official's private interests.

EXAMPLE
• a chairperson of interview when his son come in for an interview
• office of profit
• insider trading

Y
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

H
53.) WORD → LAW

DEFINITION

W
• Law is a system of rules that are enforced through legal authority to govern behavior.

EXAMPLE
• Juvenile justice act
• Tax laws
SE
---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

54.) WORD → EQUALITY AND EQUITY

C

DEFINITION
• Equality is treating everyone the same
• Equity is giving everyone what they need so that they can be treated the same.
@

EXAMPLE
• Equality → SC/ST atrocities prevention act
• Equity → Affirmative action

---------------------------------------------------×------------------------------------×-------------------------------------
--------------------

All rights reserved © | Join @CSEWhy Telegram and follow Twitter