Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering

Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025

e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

MediReach: Rural Healthcare System

Akshay A G1, Athul Krishna E P2, Jabir R H3, K S Akshai Nair4, Asst. Prof. Chintu P
Chacko5
1,2,3,4,
UG Scholar, 5Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Toc H Institute of
Science and Technology, Arakkunnam, Kerala, India

*Corresponding Author
E-mail Id: - akshayag2772@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
There is a significant limitation to accessing healthcare facility services in rural regions,
since they do not have adequate medical facilities, as well as experts, and thus lead to
delayed treatment with inferior health outcomes. The MediReach telemedicine system is
designed to bridge the gap through a com-prehensive system of IoT monitoring, video
consultations, and secure storage of data. The platform sets up a telemedicine room within a
rural setting, which links the patient and the physician at the actual time through video
consultations with a video link. calls. Physical parameters like body temperature, heart rate,
and blood pressure are continuously monitored by connecting sensors to an ESP32
microcontroller These readings are transmitted securely to the web application, enabling
physicians to read the health information of patients in a timely manner. The in-site thermal
printer prints physical prescriptions after consultation, so prescribed treatments will.

Keywords: - Telemedicine, Rural Healthcare, IoT, ESP32, Cloud Storage, Remote

Monitoring, Healthcare Accessibility.

1. INTRODUCTION printed medicine instructions on site

Millions suffer ’cause healthcare’s making it simple to obtain what they
unavailable out in the rural areas. Tons of require. Additionally, MediReach secures
rural folks walk miles to see a doctor data protecting every patient with an ID
taking their time to determine their health that houses all their medical history and
concerns and get treatment, which only information in one accessible location for
plays with their wellness. MediReach was use in the future. It even includes
created to address this lack by bringing something to examine trends, so
healthcare directly to rural locations with physicians are able to comprehend patient
online doctor appointments. The system
provides a special room for virtual doctor Background and Information
consultations in rural areas providing Rural healthcare is under-served
patients with a proper space to access worldwide. In India, 70% of the
healthcare without traveling out of their population resides in villages, yet only
region. The room is equipped with health 20% of health-care facilities are available.
monitoring devices that feed live health These same imbalances are found in
information during video consultations Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America.
with doctors so they can diagnose what is The most significant challenges are:
amiss and how to assist. After consulting
the doctor, patients are able to receive

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

 High Mortality Rates: Delayed automated alerts, improving patient

diagnosis of preventable diseases. outcomes and reducing stress on
 Economic Burden: High costs of travel healthcare infrastructure. With
and lost wages. advancements in sensor technology,
wearables, and edge computing,
 Technology Growth: Affordable IoT physicians can monitor patient vitals
devices and internet expansion remotely, ensuring timely intervention
enable innovative healthcare and minimizing hospital visits. Bhavani
solutions. et al. [1] designed an IoT-based vital sign
monitoring system using a level-3 IoT
Research Questions architecture with Random Forest and
In spite of telemedicine advancements, GRU for real-time health monitoring and
there are still issues with data abnormality detection, improving
transmission, real-time sensor precision, diagnostic accuracy through large-scale
and com-munication. This research patient data analysis. Ahmad et al. [3]
investigates: implemented Paillier Homomorphic
Encryption with a Dual-Server Model to
• How can IoT sensors improve real- protect heart rate data, ensuring
time health monitor-ing? confidentiality and secure telemedicine
• What are the challenges in secure and communication. Similarly, Zhang and
reliable data exchange? Yang [2] proposed a Privacy-Preserving
Computation model to enable encrypted
• How can an intuitive interface data analysis without decryption,
enhance doctor-patient interactions? enhancing security in remote healthcare.
Emerging technologies like 5G, IoMT,
Significance AI, and blockchain further improve
This study intends to create a stable telehealth by increasing monitoring
telemedicine system with real-time precision, reducing latency, and ensuring
monitoring, secure data transmission, and interop-erability across medical
user-friendly interface. It is platforms. Ahmad et al. [4] developed an
advantageous: ESP32-based system with 98% accuracy
for SpO2 and 89% for heart rate,
• Patients, by enabling remote medical demonstrating the feasibility of cost-
consultations. effective, low-power telehealth solutions,
particularly in resource-limited settings.
• Healthcare providers, with real-time Their work highlights the integration of
patient data. affordable IoT devices into rural
healthcare networks for improved mon-
• Researchers, by offering a scalable itoring. Bhavani et al. [1] also employed
telemedicine frame-work. machine learning techniques like LDA,
SVM, and GRU to enhance predictive
2. RELATED WORK analytics, enabling early risk detection,
The application of IoT in healthcare has personalized monitor-ing, and automated
significantly enhanced access by enabling doctor alerts. Ahmad et al. [4] utilized
real-time monitoring and remote IoT and Edge Computing with low-power
treatment, especially in remote locations. microcontrollers to re-duce cloud
IoT-based sensors, AI, and cloud dependency, improve processing speed,
computing facilitate real-time health and lower latency in healthcare
tracking, predictive analytics, and applications. Edge computing enables

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

near-source data processing, enhancing the large-scale success of telemedicine

responsiveness and efficiency. However, services.
challenges remain, including sensor inac- 3. PROPOSED WORK
curacies, motion artifacts, and a lack of High Level Design
standardized commu-nication protocols, The high-level design of the MediReach
limiting interoperability. Zhang and system provides a structured overview of
Yang’s [2] Homomorphic Encryption its key components and their seamless
model assumes non-colluding servers, integration. It comprises multiple
posing security risks if compromised. interconnected modules, each responsible
Blockchain-based solutions introduced by for specific functions such as data
Ahmad et al. [3] enhance security and collection, processing, and communication
decentralized data management but are between patients and doctors. IoT-enabled
energy-intensive, making them sensors continuously monitor vital health
impractical for low-power wearables. parameters, transmitting real-time data to a
Ethical concerns regarding continuous secure cloud-based system via the ESP32
monitoring, data pri-vacy, and scalability microcontroller and MQTT protocol. The
hinder adoption, necessitating regulatory doctor interface enables remote
frameworks for data protection and consultations with real-time access to
patient rights. While IoT-driven patient vitals, while the patient interface
healthcare has shown immense potential facilitates easy appointment scheduling
in improv-ing accessibility and and prescription retrieval. This well-
efficiency, optimizing sensor accuracy, integrated framework ensures accurate
strengthening security protocols, and monitoring, efficient diagnosis, and
ensuring interoperability remain key to improved healthcare accessibility for rural
communities.

Fig.1:-High-Level Design of the MediReach System

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

Circuit Diagram sensor (UART) collect vital data. A buzzer

The MediReach system integrates medical and switch enable user interaction, while
sensors with ESP32 for real-time health MQTT transmits data for IoT-enabled
monitoring. The MAX30102 (I2C), telemedicine.
DS18B20 (1-Wire), and a digital BP

Fig.2:-Circuit Diagram of the MediReach System

Modules Proposed it is easily accessible but recorded safely

Patient Interface Module: The Patient by the Data Management Module. It
Interface Module lets patients schedule further enables doctors to change
video consultations, view real-time vital prescriptions according to re-
signs, and receive prescriptions through examinations. It also supports multi-
on-site thermal print- language prescription generation to
ers or SMS. It further allows viewing of improve usability for different patient
past medical records through the Data groups.
Management Module for continuity of
care. Vital Monitoring Module: This module
collects patient data via MAX30102 (heart
Prescription Module rate), DS18B20 (temperature), and a
Doctors will prepare and save digital digital BP monitor. The ESP32 processes
prescriptions that can be printed at site and transmits data via MQTT for real-time
using a thermal printer or printed and sent doctor monitoring, ensuring a cost-
over SMS using a GSM module. This way, effective solution for rural healthcare.

Fig.3:-Patient Interface Module

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

Fig.4:-Vital Monitoring Module

Doctor Interface Module: The Doctor other modules, it supports tracking, alerts,
Interface Module enables video and personalized treatment while
consultations, vitals monitoring, and streamlining workflows and enabling
medical record access. Integrated with remote monitoring.

Fig.5:-Doctor Interface Module

Fig.6:-Prescription Module

Data Management Module: Through the maintains patient medical records, which
Data Management Module, MediReach include the history of patient vitals,

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

prescriptions, and consultation. In this patients can monitor their health status,
way, doctors can determine health trends collect prescriptions, and see doctors from
and prescribe drugs; they can even access a single interface.
information regarding patients while the

Fig.7:-Data Management Module

System Setup
1) Hardware Requirements: The system transmission, making it ideal for IoT-based
setup of Medi-Reach integrates various telemedicine applications.Digital Blood
hardware components for real-time patient Pressure Sensor with Serial Output: It is a
monitoring and data transmission. Key non-invasive blood pressure sensor with a
components forming the basis of the serial output for easy interface with
system include: microcontrollers, the most common one
being the ESP32. The sensor inflates and
ESP32 Microcontroller: The ESP32 acts deflates an external cuff and can measure
as the central hub, collecting and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure by
processing data from medical sensors like oscillometric methods. Real-time readings
MAX30102, DS18B20, and a digital BP are sent via UART. This would therefore
monitor. It transmits data via Wi-Fi using maintain the accuracy in monitoring the
MQTT, enabling real-time remote cardiovascular health. It is compact,
monitoring by doctors. With dual-core reliable, and appropriate for telemedicine,
processing, low power consumption, and making it one of the integral parts of the
integrated Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, it ensures MediReach system.
efficient and continuous healthcare data

Fig.8:-ESP32 Microcontroller [8]

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter Sensor: This raw sensor data with ESP32, so it is able to
sensor can measure heart rate and blood continuously remotely monitor
oxygen saturation (SpO2) using cardiovascular health.
photoplethysmography (PPG). It processes

Fig. 9. MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter Heart Rate Sensor Module(9)

DS18B20 Digital Temperature Sensor: web interface and stored for trend analysis
The DS18B20 is a high-precision digital and healthcare decision-making. With low
thermometer using the 1-Wire protocol for power consumption, durability, and
efficient temperature measurement. It minimal wiring, it is ideal for continuous
provides real-time readings, displayed on a remote health monitoring in telemedicine.

Fig.10:-DS18B20 Digital Temperature Sensor [10]

Fig.11:-Digital Blood Pressure Sensor with Serial Output [11]

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

2) Software Requirements: The software from optical heart rate sensors, such as
requirements for the MediReach system the MAX30105.
are designed to enable seamless inte-
gration and operation of the various • <spo2_algorithm.h>: Provides
modules, including real-time monitoring, algorithms to process pulse oximeter
video consultations, and data management. data and calculate blood oxygen
Below are the specific software saturation (SpO2) levels.
components required:
3) Web Application Development The web
Firmware for ESP32 Microcontroller The application is developed using Python
firmware for the ESP32 microcontroller is Django, providing a robust and scalable
developed using the Arduino IDE as the backend for managing patient data and
platform, with C/C++ as the programming consultations. Key components include:
language. Essential libraries include:
• Django Framework - Manages
• <arduino.h>: Provides core functions database operations, authentication,
for Arduino-based development, and business logic.
including input/output, timing, and
communication. • Django REST Framework (DRF) -
Enables API development for
• <WiFi.h>: Enables Wi-Fi functionality seamless communication between
for ESP32-based boards, allowing frontend and backend.
internet connectivity and network
communication. • SQLite/PostgreSQL - Database
management for storing patient
• <PubSubClient.h>: A library used for records securely.
MQTT com-munication, enabling
publish/subscribe messaging proto- •
cols for IoT applications. Frontend Development The user interface
is built using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and
• <Wire.h>: Implements I2C React.js, providing an interactive and
communication protocol, allowing responsive experience. Features include:
communication with various I2C
devices. • Patient dashboard displaying real-time
• <OneWire.h>: Supports health metrics.
communication with devices that use
the OneWire protocol, such as • Doctor dashboard for reviewing
temperature sensors like the DS18B20. patient history and live health data.

• <DallasTemperature.h>: A library for • Secure authentication and session

managing temperature sensors based management.
on the Dallas Semiconductor’s
OneWire protocol. •
Video Consultation Module To facilitate
• <MAX30105.h>: Interface for the remote consultations, Google Meet API is
MAX30105 sensor, used to measure integrated into the system, allowing
heart rate and SpO2 (blood oxygen doctors and patients to communicate
saturation) levels.<heartRate.h>: A through video calls. Features include:
library designed to process the data

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

• Secure video conferencing between The study results clearly demonstrate the
doctors and patients. effectiveness of the MediReach system
based on both qualitative and quantitative
• Automatic meeting link generation analyses. The system contains real-time
and scheduling. health monitoring, electronic prescriptions,
and management of medical history, thus
• Encrypted data transmission ensuring enhancing the delivery of healthcare
patient confidentiality. services at remote areas. From the
findings, three aspects were evident:
Prescription and Data Management The
prescription module allows doctors to Live Medical Data Visualization
issue digital prescriptions, which are MediReach is a real-time health metrics
stored in the patient’s records and printed IoT sensor processing system that lets
via an on-site thermal printer. Key health metrics of patients be represented
software elements include: graphically. The accuracy of the system
was verified by comparing the readings
• Secure storage of prescriptions and with standard medical equipment in
consultation records. various healthcare setups. The
representation of patient vitals enhances
• Analytical tools for reviewing patient the alerts to enable prompt detection of
health trends. anomalies and prevent delayed
intervention.
4. RESULT ANALYSIS

Fig.12:-Real-time visualization of patient’s medical data.

Prescription Details and pharmacists is smoother. With the

MediReach allows for e-prescribing, so interface of prescriptions with real-time
doctors can pre-scribe based on live medical data, the system ensures that each
patient information. It improves prescrip- patient receives an accurately tailored
tion accuracy, decreases paperwork, and treatment plan that increases adherence
ensures communication between doctors and boasts health outcomes.

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

Fig.13:-Sample electronic prescription generated in MediReach.

Medical History Management with redundant testing and supports more

The MediReach system maintains a accurate diagnosis. What is more
structured and accessi-ble medical history important, it allows for analyzing trends
of each patient, with regard to history and over historical health data to identify risks
diagnoses, treatments, and prescriptions. early enough and hence improve
Such feature some-how reduces the steps preventive care strategies.

Fig.14:-Overview of a patient’s medical history in MediReach.

5. CONCLUSION
This work was discussing the integration encryption techniques, and real-time
of IoT-based healthcare systems with the monitoring. This becomes heightened with
aim to enhance remote patient monitoring, the proposed privacy-preserving technique
secure data transmission, and telemedicine called homomorphic encryption to
solu-tions, and it showed how IoT has enhance the security of patient data while
strived to collect real-time health data, still effectively providing for remote
how encryption protocols impacted the diagnosis. Furthermore, the study stresses
privacy of patients, and what new that IoT-based health monitoring solutions
technologies like AI and blockchain bring have scalability as it mentions emerging
into healthcare applications. High accuracy technologies such as 5G, blockchain, and
in stress classification and vital sign AI, which are actually critical areas of
forecasting, new development in privacy- health-care challenges, thus knowledge is
preserving remote monitoring, AI being valuable in optimizing digital health
included in predictive analytics. However, solutions for real-world deployment in
interoperability and security issues are still remote, resource-constrained
existing problems; yet the results show environments.
that IoT and telemedicine could radically
improve the access to health care, 6. FUTURE SCOPE
particularly in the under-served regions. • Expanded Diagnostics: Add ECG and
With this paper, a secure and efficient glucose monitors for better chronic
telemedicine framework related to the disease management.
growing field of IoT-driven healthcare is • AI Integration: Use predictive
es-tablished, including machine learning, analytics and machine learning for

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 Recent Trends in Cloud Computing and Web Engineering
Volume 7 Issue 2 May-Aug, 2025
e-ISSN: 3048-6068
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422267

early disease detection and 7. Parihar, V. R., Tonge, A. Y., Ganorkar,

personalized care. P. D., & Pooja. (2017). Heartbeat and
• Improved Accessibility: Implement temperature monitoring system for
multi-language sup-port, voice remote patients using Arduino.
recognition, and offline functionality. International Journal of Advanced
• Automated Medication Dispenser: Engineering Research and Science,
Enable immediate access to prescribed 55–58.
medicines. 8. Roboduino ESP WRoom 32 WiFi and
• Enhanced Teleconsultation: Use BLE development board CP2102 chip
remote diagnostic tools and AR for dual core IoT microcontroller
better virtual assessments. compatible with Arduino — Basic
• Community Health Support: electronics projects — Robotics —
Incorporate vaccination tracking and Industrial automation. (n.d.).
disease outbreak management. 9. MAX30102 heart rate oxygen pulse.
10. QBM DS18B20 waterproof digital
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