Single Numerical Question

New Numerical Prompt - 1

May 15, 2025

Question 1
What is the smallest P−P−P bond angle in the highly reactive allotrope of phosphorus?

Solution
Concepts
Phosphorus allotropes, bond angles, molecular geometry, white phosphorus structure

Explanation
Phosphorus exists in several allotropes; the most reactive one is white phosphorus. In white phosphorus,
four phosphorus atoms form a tetrahedral P� molecule. Here, each phosphorus atom is at the corner
of a regular tetrahedron, and each is bonded to the other three atoms. The bond angles between
phosphorus atoms in this structure are determined by the geometry of a tetrahedron.
The smallest angle between any three connected phosphorus atoms (P−P−P) in a tetrahedral P�
molecule is the same as the angle between adjacent corners of a regular tetrahedron.

Solution
In a regular tetrahedron,
( the
) angle between any two bonds
( ) from the same atom (i.e., the bond angle) is: [
Bond angle = arccos − 13 ]Calculatingthis : [arccos − 13 ≈ 109.5◦ ]However, inthewhitephosphorus(P �)molecule, thes

• Each phosphorus atom is bonded to three others,

• Since the four atoms are at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron, but each atom forms bonds
directly with the other three atoms, the actual P–P–P bond angles at each corner are all 60° (since
each face of a tetrahedron is an equilateral triangle).

Hence, the smallest (and only) P–P–P bond angle in white phosphorus (the highly reactive allotrope)
is 60°.

Final Answer
The smallest P−P−P bond angle in the highly reactive allotrope of phosphorus (white phospho-
rus, P�) is 60◦ .

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Question 2
If A = a, b, c and R = (a, a), (a, b), (b, c), (b, b), (c, c), (c, a) is a binary relation on A, then which one of the
following is correct?
(a) R is reflexive and symmetric, but not transitive
(b) R is reflexive and transitive, but not symmetric
(c) R is reflexive, but neither symmetric nor transitive
(d) R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive

Solution
Concepts
Relations on Sets, Reflexive Relation, Symmetric Relation, Transitive Relation

Explanation
Given the set A = a, b, c and the relation R = (a, a), (a, b), (b, c), (b, b), (c, c), (c, a), we need to determine
which properties R satisfies:

• Reflexive: For all x ∈ A, (x, x) ∈ R.

• Symmetric: For all (x, y) ∈ R, (y, x) ∈ R.

• Transitive: For all (x, y) ∈ R and (y, z) ∈ R, (x, z) ∈ R.

Let’s check each property one at a time:

Solution
1. Reflexive:

• (a, a) ∈ R
• (b, b) ∈ R
• (c, c) ∈ R
• All elements of A have (x, x) in R.

So R is reflexive.
2. Symmetric:

• Check for each (x, y) whether (y, x) is present:

– (a, b) ∈ R, but (b, a) ̸∈ R.
– (b, c) ∈ R, but (c, b) ̸∈ R.
– (c, a) ∈ R, but (a, c) ̸∈ R.
• Counterexamples exist; R is not symmetric.

3. Transitive:

• Check that whenever (x, y) and (y, z) are in R, then (x, z) is also in R.
– (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R =⇒ (a, c) should be in R, but (a, c) ̸∈ R.
• Since this fails, R is not transitive.

Final Answer
(c) R is reflexive, but neither symmetric nor transitive

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Question 3
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
(a) Hemant likes to work
d edicatedteammembers.
(b) None but Rita qualified
t hecompetition.
(c) My father read
m ythesisbef oreIsubmittedit.
(d) The manager had to face a lot of opposition
t heof f ice.
(e) Going for an early morning run will lead to a physical burn
.
(f) We can insure the car
t hef t.
(g) She has decided to go
f orengineering.
(h) Today’s generation need heroes to look
.

Solution
Concepts
Prepositions, Vocabulary, Contextual usage, Collocations

Explanation
This is a grammar question where you need to fill in the blanks with the most contextually suitable words,
most often prepositions, that fit standard usage and meaning.

Solution
(a) Hemant likes to work with dedicated team members.

• ”Work with” is a standard expression to show collaboration among people.

(b) None but Rita qualified for the competition.

• ”Qualify for” is the correct phrase, meaning to become eligible for something.

(c) My father read over my thesis before I submitted it.

• ”Read over” means to review or check something carefully.

(d) The manager had to face a lot of opposition in the office.

• ”In the office” denotes the place where opposition was faced.

(e) Going for an early morning run will lead to a physical burn out.

• The correct collocation is ”burn out”, meaning physical exhaustion from overexertion.

(f) We can insure the car against theft.

• ”Insure against” is the correct usage to show protection from a risk.

(g) She has decided to go in for engineering.

• ”Go in for” means to choose/pursue a field or activity.

(h) Today’s generation need heroes to look up to.

• ”Look up to” is a phrasal verb meaning to admire or respect someone.

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Final Answer
(a) with
(b) for
(c) over
(d) in
(e) out
(f) against
(g) in
(h) up to

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Question 4
Supply predicates (the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject) to the following subjects:
1. The earth
2. Nepal
3. Paras Khadka
4. Your bus
5. Trees
6. A wise man
7. Rivers
8. Many farmers
9. The man with long hair
10. Every mother
11. King Prithvi Narayan Shah
12. Bhanubhakta Acharya
13. Earthquakes
14. Population of Nepal
15. We Nepali
16. The flood of 2051
17. Venus, Jupiter, Mars
18. Yesterday’s temperature
19. AIDS
20. Many children
21. Our leader
22. Mountain Billa
23. Taplejung
24. Martin Luther
25. Russia

Solution
Concepts
Predicate, Subject, Sentence Formation

Explanation
Each subject is the person/thing the sentence is about. The predicate states something about the sub-
ject, such as what it does, what happens to it, its state, etc. For each item, a logical, simple predicate
will be supplied to make a complete English sentence. These are provided as examples and can often
vary with context.

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Question 1
Concepts
Predicate, Earth as a subject

Solution
<em>The earth</em> revolves around the sun.

Final Answer

The earth revolves around the sun.

Question 2
Concepts
Predicate, Nepal as a subject

Solution
<em>Nepal</em> is a beautiful country.

Final Answer

Nepal is a beautiful country.

Question 3
Concepts
Predicate, Famous person as subject

Solution
<em>Paras Khadka</em> is a famous cricketer.

Final Answer

Paras Khadka is a famous cricketer.

Question 4
Concepts
Predicate, Vehicle as subject

Solution
<em>Your bus</em> arrived late today.

Final Answer

Your bus arrived late today.

Question 5
Concepts
Predicate, Trees as subject

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Solution
<em>Trees</em> provide us with oxygen.

Final Answer

Trees provide us with oxygen.

Question 6
Concepts
Predicate, Wise person as subject

Solution
<em>A wise man</em> solves problems calmly.

Final Answer

A wise man solves problems calmly.

Question 7
Concepts
Predicate, Rivers as subject

Solution
<em>Rivers</em> flow towards the sea.

Final Answer

Rivers flow towards the sea.

Question 8
Concepts
Predicate, Farmers as subject

Solution
<em>Many farmers</em> grow crops in the fields.

Final Answer

Many farmers grow crops in the fields.

Question 9
Concepts
Predicate, Specific man as subject

Solution
<em>The man with long hair</em> sings beautifully.

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Final Answer

The man with long hair sings beautifully.

Question 10
Concepts
Predicate, Mother as subject

Solution
<em>Every mother</em> loves her children.

Final Answer

Every mother loves her children.

Question 11
Concepts
Predicate, King Prithvi Narayan Shah as subject

Solution
<em>King Prithvi Narayan Shah</em> unified Nepal.

Final Answer

King Prithvi Narayan Shah unified Nepal.

Question 12
Concepts
Predicate, Bhanubhakta Acharya as subject

Solution
<em>Bhanubhakta Acharya</em> translated the Ramayana into Nepali.

Final Answer

Bhanubhakta Acharya translated the Ramayana into Nepali.

Question 13
Concepts
Predicate, Earthquakes as subject

Solution
<em>Earthquakes</em> cause great damage to property.

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Final Answer

Earthquakes cause great damage to property.

Question 14
Concepts
Predicate, Population as subject

Solution
<em>Population of Nepal</em> is increasing every year.

Final Answer

Population of Nepal is increasing every year.

Question 15
Concepts
Predicate, We as subject

Solution
<em>We Nepali</em> are proud of our culture.

Final Answer

We Nepali are proud of our culture.

Question 16
Concepts
Predicate, Flood as subject

Solution
<em>The flood of 2051</em> destroyed many houses.

Final Answer

The flood of 2051 destroyed many houses.

Question 17
Concepts
Predicate, Planets as subject

Solution
<em>Venus, Jupiter, Mars</em> are planets in our solar system.

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Final Answer

Venus, Jupiter, Mars are planets in our solar system.

Question 18
Concepts
Predicate, Temperature as subject

Solution
<em>Yesterday’s temperature</em> was very high.

Final Answer

Yesterday’s temperature was very high.

Question 19
Concepts
Predicate, AIDS as subject

Solution
<em>AIDS</em> is a deadly disease.

Final Answer

AIDS is a deadly disease.

Question 20
Concepts
Predicate, Children as subject

Solution
<em>Many children</em> play in the park.

Final Answer

Many children play in the park.

Question 21
Concepts
Predicate, Leader as subject

Solution
<em>Our leader</em> motivates us.

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Final Answer

Our leader motivates us.

Question 22
Concepts
Predicate, Mountain as subject

Solution
<em>Mount Everest</em> is the highest peak in the world.

Final Answer

Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.

Question 23
Concepts
Predicate, Place as subject

Solution
<em>Taplejung</em> lies in the eastern part of Nepal.

Final Answer

Taplejung lies in the eastern part of Nepal.

Question 24
Concepts
Predicate, Martin Luther as subject

Solution
<em>Martin Luther</em> started the Protestant Reformation.

Final Answer

Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation.

Question 25
Concepts
Predicate, Russia as subject

Solution
<em>Russia</em> is the largest country in the world.

Final Answer
Russia is the largest country in the world.

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Question 5
Question XI: Chemistry
A) Balance the following chemical equations: i) HN O3 + Ca(OH)2− > Ca(N O3)2 + H2O
ii) Aluminium + Copper Chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper
B) Write a chemical decomposition reaction with the help of an equation and identify its re-
actants.

Question XII: Biology (PART - C)

For each of the following questions/incomplete statements, four alternatives are given. Choose the
correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its letter of alphabet. (2×1=2)
(Note: The biology MCQs are missing in your input, so only the chemistry section can be answered.)

Solution
Question 25: Chemistry
A) Balance the following chemical equations

i) HN O3 + Ca(OH)2− > Ca(N O3)2 + H2O

Concepts
Balancing chemical equations

Explanation
Balance the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

Solution
• Write the unbalanced equation:

HN O3 + Ca(OH)2− > Ca(N O3)2 + H2O

• Count atoms:

| Element | Reactant Side | Product Side | |————-|———————|———————–| | H | 1 (HNO3)

+ 2 (OH) = 3 | 2 (H2O) | | N | 1 (HNO3) | 2 (NO3 in Ca(NO3)2) | | O | 3 (HNO3) + 2 (OH) = 5 | 6 (NO3) +
1 (H2O) = 7 | | Ca | 1 | 1 |

• Start balancing:

– Nitrogen: Put 2 in front of HNO3:

2HN O3 + Ca(OH)2− > Ca(N O3)2 + H2O

– H: Reactant side: 2(H) + 2(OH) = 2 + 2 = 4 Product side: 2 (H2O) = 2×2(H) = 4

– O: Left: 2×3(O in HNO3) + 2(O in OH) = 6 + 2 = 8 Right: 6 (O in Ca(NO3)2) + 2 (O in 2 H2O)
=6+2=8
– Everything is balanced.

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 • Final balanced equation:

2HN O3 + Ca(OH)2− > Ca(N O3)2 + 2H2O

ii) Aluminium + Copper Chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper First, write the formulae:

• Copper chloride is usually copper(II) chloride: CuCl2

• Aluminium chloride: AlCl3

• Equation: Al + CuCl2− > AlCl3 + Cu

Concepts
Balancing displacement reaction equations

Solution
1. Write the unbalanced equation:

Al + CuCl2− > AlCl3 + Cu

2. Balance Cl atoms:

• Left: 2 (in CuCl2)

• Right: 3 (in AlCl3)
• Least Common Multiple of 2 and 3 is 6. So, use 3 CuCl2 and 2 AlCl3:

Al + 3CuCl2− > 2AlCl3 + Cu

3. Now balance Al:

• Left: 2 (Al)
• Right: 2 (Al in 2; AlCl3)
• Put 2 in front of Al:
2Al + 3CuCl2− > 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

4. Balance Cu:

• Left: 3 (in 3 CuCl2)

• Right: 3 (in 3 Cu)

5. Equation is now balanced for all elements.

Final balanced equation:

2Al + 3CuCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

B) Write a chemical decomposition reaction with the help of an equation and identify its reactants
Concepts
Decomposition reactions: a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

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Solution
For example, thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate:
∆
CaCO3 −→ CaO + CO2

Reactant: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

Final Answer
• (A-i) 2HN O3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(N O3)2 + 2H2O

• (A-ii) 2Al + 3CuCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

• (B) Example:
∆
CaCO3 −→ CaO + CO2
Reactant: CaCO3 (Calcium carbonate)

Note
The biology MCQs for PART C (Q XII) were not provided in your input. Please supply them if you need
their answers.

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Question 6
1. Which of options (a)-(d) is the most important resonance contributor for the following structure?

COC(=O)C=C(C)CCOC(=O)/C=C(/C)[O-]COC([O-])=CC(C)=OCC(=O)C=C([O-])[O-]CC(=[OH+])C=C(C)[O-
]
(Note: The question as presented lacks chemical structure clarity and required options (a)-(d), mak-
ing it impossible to solve as is.)

Solution
Concepts
Resonance structures, resonance stability, delocalization of charge, octet rule, canonical forms of or-
ganic molecules.

Explanation
To answer a question about the most important resonance contributor, you must usually evaluate all the
given resonance forms (a)-(d), typically comparing features like:

• All atoms have an octet (no atom violating octet rule is preferred)
• The least charge separation (structures with fewer charges are favored)

• Negative charges on more electronegative atoms and positive charges on less electronegative
atoms However, in this case, neither clear resonance forms (a)-(d) nor a standard structure are
supplied. The ’structure’ given in the question resembles neither a clear IUPAC name, a standard
SMILES notation, nor is it rendered as a chemical image. Furthermore, the required options to
analyze aren’t present.

Solution
As it stands, it is not possible to identify resonance contributors or judge their relative importance without
the key information: chemical structure and the resonance forms labeled (a)-(d).

Final Answer
Question is incomplete and cannot be answered as is. Please provide clearly drawn chemical
structure and the resonance contributors (a)-(d) to enable analysis.

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Question 7
Assertion-Reason based Question
Assertion (A): The Panchs and the Gram Panchayat ...
Reason (R): The members of the Gram Sabha elect the Panchs and the Gram ...
(a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is a Nyaya Panchayat?
2. State the functions of a Block Samiti.
3. What is being done to ensure proper representation of all sections of the society in the Panchayats?

4. How does the village panchayat play an important role in development of villages in India?

Solution
Explanation
These questions are from the CBSE Social Science Class 7 curriculum related to the Panchayati Raj
system in India. We’ll answer the assertion-reasoning question and then address each short answer
question based on the standard textbooks and expected JEE exam standards.

Question 1: Assertion-Reason
Concepts
• Panchayati Raj, Gram Sabha, Gram Panchayat, Election Process

Explanation
Let’s clarify the statements. The Assertion (A) refers to the Panchs and the Gram Panchayat, but the
statement appears incomplete. The Reason (R) says members of the Gram Sabha elect the Panchs
and the Gram Panchayat. In the Panchayati Raj system, the Gram Sabha (all registered voters of the
village) elects the Panchayat members, including the head (Sarpanch) and Panchs.

Solution
• If Assertion (A) is about the formation/constitution of Panchs and the Panchayat, and Reason (R)
correctly states that the Gram Sabha members elect them, then both statements are true, and
Reason correctly explains the Assertion.

Final Answer
(a) Both A and R are true and R explains A.

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Question 2: What is a Nyaya Panchayat?
Concepts
• Nyaya Panchayat, Village Justice System

Explanation
A Nyaya Panchayat is a rural court that helps settle minor disputes at the village level.

Solution
A Nyaya Panchayat is a judicial body at the village or group of villages’ level in the Panchayati Raj
system, set up to resolve minor civil and criminal cases locally, without going to regular courts. It mainly
deals with petty cases to provide quick and inexpensive justice.

Final Answer
A Nyaya Panchayat is a local body set up in rural areas to resolve minor civil and criminal dis-
putes quickly and inexpensively.

Question 3: State the functions of a Block Samiti.

Concepts
• Block Samiti (Panchayat Samiti), Functions, Panchayati Raj Institutions

Explanation
Block Samiti is the intermediate-level institution in the Panchayati Raj system.

Solution
Functions of a Block Samiti include:

• Implementation of development schemes for agriculture, sanitation, health, and rural development.
• Co-ordinating activities of Gram Panchayats under its jurisdiction.
• Supervising and executing government programs related to education, health, irrigation, etc.
• Providing essential services and infrastructure to villages in the block.

Final Answer
A Block Samiti implements government schemes and development programmes, supervises and
co-ordinates Gram Panchayats, and manages rural services and infrastructure at the block level.

Question 4: What is being done to ensure proper representation of all sections

of the society in the Panchayats?
Concepts
• Reservation, Social Inclusion, Representation, Panchayati Raj

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Explanation
Constitutional provisions ensure diverse representation in Panchayats.

Solution
To ensure proper representation of all sections of society:

• Seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and women in Panchay-
ats as mandated by the Constitution (at least 1/3rd for women).
• Some states also reserve seats for Backward Classes and minorities.
• This ensures all communities, including marginalized groups, participate in local self-governance.

Final Answer
Seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women in Panchayats to ensure
all sections of society are represented.

Question 5: How does the village panchayat play an important role in develop-
ment of villages in India?
Concepts
• Village Development, Role of Panchayat, Local Governance

Explanation
The Gram Panchayat drives socio-economic and infrastructural progress.

Solution
The village panchayat:

• Plans and implements development schemes for roads, water supply, sanitation, primary educa-
tion, and health.

• Maintains village assets and resources.

• Resolves minor disputes and maintains peace in the village.
• Mobilizes people and resources for collective welfare.

• Ensures government schemes reach the grassroots.

Final Answer
The village panchayat plays a key role in village development by implementing schemes, main-
taining infrastructure, resolving disputes, and ensuring inclusive growth at the grassroots level.

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Question 8
Biology Multiple Choice Questions (Class XII, CBSE)
Q11. In Morgan’s experiment, the term ’wild’ is used to represent:

1. Dominant phenotype
2. Recessive phenotype

3. Homozygous genotype
4. Hemizygous genotype

Q12. T.H. Morgan coined the term:

1. Segregation

2. Linkage
3. X-body
4. Mutation

Q13. In the case of incomplete linkage, recombinants are formed due to:

1. Independent assortment of genes

2. Fertilization
3. Crossing over

4. Disjunction

Q14. Three genes are linked in a chromosome. Their recombination frequencies are AB = 20

1. ABC

2. CBA
3. BAC
4. ACB

Q15. Drosophila and human beings are having the same number of:

1. Autosomes
2. Allosomes

Q16. Female heterogamety is common in the following organisms:

1. Human
2. Grass hopper
3. Bird
4. Drosophila

Q17. If a haemophilic man marries a carrier woman what proportion of offsprings will be carrier

1. 12.5
2. 25

3. 50

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 4. Nil

Q18. Match the type of numerical chromosomal mutation given in Column I with that of the cytological
representation given in Column II.

• Column I

– A) Trisomy
– B) Tetrasomy
– C) Monosomy
– D) Nullisomy

• Column II

– 1. 2n+1
– 1. 2n+2
– 1. 2n-1
– 1. 2n-2

1. A-1; B-2; C-3; D-4

2. A-4; B-3; C-2; D-1

3. A-2; B-4; C-3; D-1

4. A-3; B-4; C-2; D-1

Q19. Colourblindness and haemophilia are:

1. Allosomal dominant disorder

2. Allosomal recessive disorder

3. Autosomal dominant disorder
4. Autosomal recessive disorder

Q20. Absence of the following enzyme is the reason behind phenylketonurea:

1. Phenyl alanine hydroxylase

2. Phenyl alanine hydrolase
3. Phenyl alanine oxidase

4. Phenyl alanine reductase

Solution
Explanation

These are direct factual, conceptual, and problem-solving MCQs from CBSE
Class 12 Biology (Genetics Evolution: Morgan’s experiments, linkage, chromo-
somal mutations, sex-linked inheritance, etc.), relevant for board and JEE level.
Question 11
Concepts
Morgan’s experiments, Wild type definition, Phenotypes

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Explanation
’Wild type’ refers to the most common naturally occurring phenotype in a population, not necessarily
related to the genotype (homozygosity/hemizygosity) but to observable features–usually the dominant,
standard trait found in nature.

Solution
• Wild: Most frequent (normal) phenotype in natural population, typically dominant over mutant
forms.

Final Answer

1) Dominant phenotype
Question 12
Concepts
Terminology in Genetics, Historical scientists

Explanation
Morgan worked intensively on fruit fly genetics, discovering the phenomenon of linkage and coining the
term to describe genes inherited together due to their proximity on chromosomes.

Solution
• Segregation (Mendel), X-body (discovered by Henking), Mutation (de Vries).
• Morgan coined linkage.

Final Answer

2) Linkage
Question 13
Concepts
Genetic recombination, Linkage, Crossing over

Explanation
Incomplete linkage leads to the production of recombinants due to physical exchange of genetic material
between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Solution
• Only crossing over causes recombinants in incomplete linkage, not independent assortment
(which happens in unlinked genes), fertilization, or disjunction.

Final Answer

3) Crossing over
Question 14
Concepts
Gene mapping, Recombination frequency, Linear gene order

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Explanation
Gene order can be deduced using recombination frequencies; shortest distances reflect closest gene
pairs. Lower percentage = closer genes.

Solution
Let genes be A, B, C. Given:

• AB = 20
• AC = 10
• BC = 30

Test possible orders:

1. A–C–B: AC = 10
2. B–A–C: BA = 20

• B–A = 20
• A–C = 10
• B–C = 20So, correct order: BAC.

Final Answer

3) BAC
Question 15
Concepts
Comparative genomics, Chromosome types

Explanation
• Autosomes: non-sex chromosomes.
• Drosophila (fruit fly): 8 chromosomes (6 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes).

• Human: 46 chromosomes (44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes). So, they have same number of
allosomes (1 pair: XX/XY), not autosomes.

Final Answer

2) Allosomes
Question 16
Concepts
Sex determination, Heterogamety

Explanation
• Female heterogamety: Females produce two types of gametes wrt sex chromosomes (e.g., ZW
in birds: female ZW, male ZZ).
• Common in birds, not in humans (XX female - homogametic), nor Drosophila.

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