_________________________________________________Phm V Tun Anh - MSSV:1020006

CU 1
S dng n bit biu din s nh phn di dng du chm tnh, chng minh rng gi tr thp phn a ca s c biu
din nm trong on:
Khi s dng n bit biu din 1 s nh phn di dng du chm tnh, ta mt 1 bit cho s MSB, cn li n-1 bit
biu din gi tr ca n, m vi n-1 bit, ta c gi tr ln nht l
, vy
.
Khi s dng n bit biu din 1 s nh phn di dng du chm tnh, ta c th biu din c
gi tr, trong
khi vi MSB=0 ta c
gi tr khng m ( t 0 n
), nh vy ta c th biu din c thm
gi tr m na, vy
.
Nh vy ta c:

(pcm)

CU 2
Vit chng trnh tnh ton cng tr nhn chia cc s nh phn di dng du chm ng v du chm tnh
( tng)

flag (ca 2
bit ca C
flag (nh cho
Vi php cng ca du chm tnh, ta
bit ca A bit ca B
bit trc )
(kt qu)
2 bit lin sau)
cng tng bit cng n v ca 2 s nh
0
0
0
0
0
phn vi nhau, c flag lm b nh.
0
0
1
1
0
rng gi tr ca bit C v flag sau
0
1
0
1
0
hon ton ph thuc vo tng ca 2 bit A 1
0
0
1
0
B v flag trc, nh vy ta c th dng
0
1
1
0
1
lnh switch khi tin hnh cng tng bit
1
0
1
0
1
n gin ha iu kin.
1
1
0
0
1
Khi cng li tng bit ca C, ta nhn mi
1
1
1
1
1
bit vi bc tng ng khi ly ra (nhn
, i l bc ca bit tng ng trong h nh phn, do ta nhp liu bng c
s 10).
V d: 1100 cng 1001
- Ly ra 2 bit bc 0 ri cng vi flag, 0+1+0=1, C(0)=1, flag=0, C=C+10^0=1
- Ly ra 2 bit bc 1 ri cng vi flag, 0+0+0=0, C(1)=0, flag=0, C=C+0=1
- Ly ra 2 bit bc 2 ri cng vi flag, 1+0+0=1, C(2)=1, flag=0, C=C+10^2=101
- Ly ra 2 bit bc 3 ri cng vi flag, 1+1+0=2, C(3)=0, flag=1, C=C+0=101
- Ly ra 2 bit bc 4 ri cng vi flag, 0+0+1=0, C(4)=1, flag=0, C=C+10^4=10101
- Kt qu: 10101
Vi php tr, ta c B=2-B vi B l s i ca B di dng nh phn, do A-B=A-(2-B)=A+B-2.
Vy ta cng phn gi tr ca A vi B li, b i s 1 ngoi cng bn tri, sau so snh gi tr tuyt i ca 2 s
A, B quyt nh gi tr m hay dng.
V d: 1100 tr 1001
- i ca 1001 l (1)0111
- Cng 1100 vi 0111 (nh trn), ta c 10011
- B s 1 ngoi cng bn tri, ta cn li 0011
- So snh 1100 v 1001 (n gin v ang nhp liu bng c s 10), 1100 ln hn
- Kt qu: (0)0011
Vi php nhn, ta tch tng bit ca B, nhn bc tng ng, ri cng chng li vi nhau. Ch khi c s m th
ta phi i v gi tr tuyt i ca n, du ca kt qu s l tng ca du ca 2 ton t (bit)
V d: 1100 nhn 1001

_________________________________________________Phm V Tun Anh - MSSV:1020006

- Ly bit bc 0 ca B l 1, c B(0)=1100.10^0=1100
- Ly bit bc 1 ca B l 0, c B(1)=0.10^1
- Ly bit bc 2 ca B l 0, c B(2)=0.10^2
- Ly bit bc 3 ca B l 1, c B(3)=1100.10^3=1100000
- B(0)+B(1)+B(2)+B(3)=1101100
- Kt qu: 1101100
Vi php chia, nh bit, php chia thc cht l 1 php tr cha bit trc s ln thc hin lp li, v dng li
khi s d nh hn s b chia. ng dng tnh cht ny, ta s thc hin c php chia ly phn nguyn
V d: 1001 chia 11
- Ly 1001 tr 11, c 110, C=C+1=0+1=1, 110>=11, tip tc (C ang thc hin php cng nh phn)
- Ly 110 tr 11, c 11, C=C+1=1+1=10, 11>=11, tip tc (hoc nu = th dng li v C=C+1)
- Ly 11 tr 11, c 0, C=C+1=10+1=11, 0<11, dng li
- Kt qu: 11

Vi php cng ca du chm ng, ta a 2 s v chung 1 s E, sau cng 2 s F ri thm bt n v vo s E

chung cho ph hp
V d: 0 10000001 11 cng 0 10000010 01
- a v 0 10000010 0.111 v 0 10000010 1.01
- Cng 0111 v 1010, ta c 10001
- So vi F th 10001 hn 1010 1 bc, ta c E ca kt qu hn 1 n v so vi E chung
- Kt qu: 0 10000011 0001
Vi php tr, ta lm tng t php cng nhng ly 2 s F tr nhau, sau i v gi tr b 2, thm bt n v
vo s E chung cho ph hp
V d: 0 10000001 11 cng 1 10000010 01
- a v 0 10000010 0.111 v 1 10000010 1.01
- Cng (0)0111 v (1)1010, ta c (1)101 = (1)11 (thu c iu ny v php tr 2 F ta thc hin dng chm
tnh, nhng chm ng khng ly s i theo nguyn tc b 2 nn phi a v gi tr gc)
- So vi F th (1)11 thua (1)1010 2 bc, ta c E ca kt qu thua 2 n v so vi E chung
- Kt qu: 1 10000000 1
Vi php nhn,, ta a 2 s v chung 1 s E, sau nhn 2 s F ri thm bt n v vo s E chung cho ph hp,
du ca kt qu s l tng ca du ca 2 ton t (bit)
V d: 0 10000000 1 nhn 1 10000001 01
- a v 0 10000001 0.11 v 1 10000001 1.01
- Nhn 011 v 101, ta c 1111 (khng cn quan tm n du)
- So vi F th 1111 hn 101 1 bc, ta c E ca kt qu hn 1 n v so vi E chung
- Kt qu: 1 10000010 111 (S = 0+1 =1)
Vi php chia, ta a 2 s v chung 1 s E, sau chia 2 s F ri thm bt n v vo s E chung cho ph hp
V d: 0 10000010 111 chia 0 10000000 1
- a v 0 10000010 1.111 v 0 10000010 0.011
- Chia 1111 cho 11, ta c 101
- So vi F th 101 thua 1111 1 bc, ta c E ca kt qu thua 1 n v so vi E chung
- Kt qu: 0 10000001 01