Au-K31-DHQN

"Mt phoi bo St c khi lng m lu ngoi khng kh b oxi ha thnh hn hp A gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 c khi lng 12g. Cho A tan hon ton trong HNO3 sinh ra 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ( iu kin tiu chun). Tm gi tr ca m? Gii: Gii theo phng php bo ton electron -Ban u c Fe (s oxh l 0). V oxi khng kh O (0) - ngoi khng kh s b oxh thnh hn hp (oxit kim loi v kim loi vn cn d), cho hn hp ny tan hon ton trong axit HNO3. -Axit HNO3 l axit c tnh oxi ha mnh nn n s a Fe t do v Fe trong cc oxit v s oxi ha dng cao nht l +3. LU : Trong phng php bo ton electron, khng cn n cc phn ng trung gian, m ch cn n sn phm cui cng m n to c. Tng s mol e nhng = tng s mol e nhn. - y, chng thy vn nh sau:
Qua trnh pha g : n n Fe
0

O2

Fe, FexOy

HNO3

+5

Fe+3 , NO

+2

Tha co thay oso ho Nit, Oxi y s i oxi a Fe, + 3 Fe Fe -3e N +3e O +2e ta co : mFe =m
0 + 5

+ 2

-2

nFe =m/ 56 mOxi =moxit - mFe =12 - m nO=

mFe +mOXI = moxit nN(+ =nNO =0,1 2)

12-m 16

Au-K31-DHQN
ie ca so u va n c lie o + 3 So mol Fe =m/56, va so y mol e nhg = 3m/56 n Fe Fe -3e m/56 3m/56 + 2 + 5 so mol NO =0,1 . va so y mol e nha trong pha g na =0,3 n n n y N N +3e 0,1 0,3 O +2e 12-m 12-m 16 8
0

(1)

-2

so mol oxi =(12-m) / 16, va so y mol e a n =(12-m) / 8 nha

(2)

T va tog so (1) (2): n mol e a n =0,3 + 12-m nha 8 Do tog so n mol e nha =tog so n n mol e nhg ne: n n 0,3 + 12-m 3m = . GiaPT ta m=10,08 (g) i c 8 56

m gam bt kim loi st ngoi khng kh mt thi gian, thu c 2,792 gam hn hp A gm st kim loi v ba oxit ca n. Ha tan tan ht hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 long, thu c mt mui st (III) duy nht v c to 380,8 ml kh NO duy nht thot ra (ktc). Tr s ca m l? Gii: Tng t m=2,24 (g). m gam phoi bo st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp rn (B) c khi lng 13,6 gam. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit sunphuric c nng thy gii phng ra 3,36 lt kh duy nht SO2 (dktc). Tnh khi lng m ca A? Gii: Cng ging nh axit HNO3, H2SO4 c nng cng oxi ha Fe v cc oxit ca n n Fe+3.
Qua trnh pha g : n n m(g) Fe
0

+O2

+6 13,6(g) H SO 2 4 Fe, FexOy

Fe+3 , SO2 O +2e

0

+4

Tha co thay oso ho lu hunh, Oxi y s i oxi a Fe, y + 4 + 3 + 6 S Fe S +2e Fe -3e ta co : mFe =m nFe =m/ 56

-2

mFe +mOXI = moxit nS(+ =nSO2 =0,15 4)

mOxi =moxit - mFe =13,6 - m

nO=

13,6-m 16

ie ca so u va n c lie o + 3 So mol Fe =m/56, va so y mol e nhg = 3m/56 n Fe Fe -3e m/56 3m/56 + 4 + 6 so mol SO2 =0,15 . va so y mol e nha trong pha g na =0,3 n n n y S S +2e 0,15 0,3 O +2e 13,6-m 13,6-m 8 16
0

(1)

-2

so mol oxi =(13,6-m) / 16, va so y mol e a n =(13,6-m) / 8 nha

(2)

Au-K31-DHQN
T va tog so (1) (2): n mol e a n =0,3 +13,6-m nha 8 Do tog so n mol e nha =tog so n n mol e nhg ne: n n

13,6-m 0,3 + = 8

3m . GiaPT ta m=11,20 (g) i c 56

Nung m(g) bt Fe trong kh oxi, thu c hn hp 3 (g) cht rn X. Ha tan ht X trong dd HNO3 d thu c sn phm kh duy nht NO c th tch 0,56 lt ( ktc). Xc dnh m. p n: 2,52 (g). Hn hp A gm Fe v ba oxit ca n. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 long, c 672 ml NO thot ra (ktc) v dung dch D. em c cn dung dch D, thu c 50,82 gam mt mui khan. Tr s ca m l? Gii: Dng phng php quy i kt hp bo ton e. Quy i hn hp A gm Fe v ba oxit st thnh hn hp cha Fe v oxi. ( Fe v O )
Qua trnh pha g : n n m(g) 0, O0 Fe HNO3
+5

Fe+3 , NO O +2e
0

+2

Tha co thay oso ho lu hunh, Oxi y s i oxi a Fe, y + 3 + 2 + 5 Fe Fe -3e N N +3e

-2

t nFe = a, nO= b. ta c: 56a + 16b =m Fe - 3e = Fe+3 ; O0 + 2e = O-2 ; N+5 + 3e = a(mol) 3a a b 2b b 0,03 0,09 p dng nh lut bo ton electron Ta c PT: 3a = 2b + 0,09 (2)

(1) N+2O 0,03

Mt khc cho khi lng mui thu c = 50,82 (g)= mFe(NO3)3 V trong dd ch to 1 mui duy nht l st (III) nitrat. Ta c nmui = nFe3+ = nFe = a Suy ra 242*a = 50,82 . Vy a =0,21 (mol) T (2) suy ra b= 0,27. m=56a + 16b m=56*0,21 + 16* 0,27 =16,08 (g).

Au-K31-DHQN

Ho tan m(g) hn hp gm Fe v cc oxit ca Fe trong HNO3 d thu c 4,48l NO2 v 145,2 g mui khan . Tnh m? Tng t: 46,4g.

Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tan va ht trong 700 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng Y l: Gii:
Phn tch bi ton: Hn hp X tan trong HCl s to mui: mui Fe(II) v mui (III). Hai loi mui ny tc dng vi kim s to hai loi hidroxit: Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3. Cc Hidroxit ny nung trong khng kh u thu c Fe2O3. Quy i hh X v 2: Fe v Fe3O4 Gi s mol ca Fe v Fe3O4 ln lt l a, b. ta c : 56a + 232b =20 (1)

Fe Fe3O4

HCl HCl

Fe

2+

, H2 (0,15 mol) 3H2O [O] Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3

3Fe
3+

3+,

Fe , Fe

2+

OH

S mol st = n H2 = 0,15 Vy nFe3O4 = 20- 56*0,15 = 11,6 Vy nFe3O4 = 11,6 / 232 = 0,05 Theo nh lut bao ton s mol nguyn t , ta c (tng s mol st trong chat tham gia = tng s mol st sn phm) Tng s mol Fe = nFe + 3n Fe3O4 = 0,15 + 3*0,05 =0,3 Vy s mol Fe2O3 = 0,3/ 2 = 0,15. mFe2O3 = 0,15* 160 = 24 (g). Ha tan hon ton 25,6 (g) cht rn X gm: Fe, FeS, FeS 2, S bng dd HNO3 d, thot ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) v dd Y. Thm Ba(OH) 2 d vo Y thu c 126,25 g kt ta. Xc inh V ? Gii: Quy i hh X v 2 nguyn t: Fe v S Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Fe, S. Ta c: 56x+ 32y = 25,6 ( 1)

Au-K31-DHQN Cc qu trnh trao i e: Fe 3e = Fe+3 x y N+5 3x 6y + x 6y 3e = N+2 3z z (2) S - 6e = S+6

z (mol)

nh lut bo ton e: 3x + 6y = 3z

Cho Ba(OH)2 vo Y thy xut hin kt ta, trong ddY cha SO42- , Fe3+.Vy cc kt ta l Fe(OH)3 v BaSO4. Theo nh lut bo ton s mol nguyn t: S mol S+6 = s mol ion SO42- = s mol BaSO4 =6y S mol Fe3+ = s mol Fe(OH)3 = x Ta c : 107*x + 233*6y = 126,25 (1) V (3): x= 0,2, y = 0,45 (2) V (4) : z= 1,1. V= 1,1*22,4 = 24,64 (l) (3)

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