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LDR Current Variation Project

The document outlines an experiment to study how current in a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) circuit varies with lamp power and direction. It includes objectives, required apparatus, circuit diagrams, theoretical background, procedures for varying lamp power and direction, observations, results, conclusions, and precautions. The findings confirm that increased light intensity reduces LDR resistance, thereby increasing current, while changing the lamp's angle decreases current due to reduced light intensity.

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abhi10109554
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330 views3 pages

LDR Current Variation Project

The document outlines an experiment to study how current in a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) circuit varies with lamp power and direction. It includes objectives, required apparatus, circuit diagrams, theoretical background, procedures for varying lamp power and direction, observations, results, conclusions, and precautions. The findings confirm that increased light intensity reduces LDR resistance, thereby increasing current, while changing the lamp's angle decreases current due to reduced light intensity.

Uploaded by

abhi10109554
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Study of Variation in Current Through

LDR Circuit
1. Objective
To study how the current in a circuit containing a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) varies:
- With the power of an incandescent lamp illuminating it from a fixed distance.
- With the direction/orientation of a fixed power incandescent lamp illuminating it.

2. Apparatus Required
- Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
- Incandescent lamps (e.g., 25W, 40W, 60W, etc.)
- Power supply (DC source)
- Resistors (to form voltage divider)
- Ammeter (or multimeter)
- Voltmeter (optional)
- Protractor or adjustable mount for angle variation
- Ruler (to fix the distance between lamp and LDR)
- Connecting wires
- Breadboard or PCB for circuit
- Dark box or controlled lighting environment

3. Circuit Diagram
Include a simple voltage divider circuit diagram with LDR and fixed resistor. Connect an
ammeter in series to measure current.

4. Theory
The resistance of an LDR decreases with an increase in the intensity of incident light. The
current through the circuit is governed by Ohm’s law:

I = V / R_total, where R_total = R + R_LDR

- When the lamp power increases, its luminous intensity increases, leading to reduced
resistance of the LDR, and thus, increased current.
- When the lamp direction is changed, the angle of incident light on the LDR changes,
affecting the amount of light falling on it, thereby changing its resistance and the circuit
current.
5. Procedure

Part A – Varying Lamp Power (fixed distance)


1. Set up the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Place the LDR at a fixed distance (e.g., 20 cm) from the lamp.
3. Keep the lamp directed perpendicularly to the LDR surface.
4. Switch on different lamps one by one (e.g., 25W, 40W, 60W).
5. Record the current for each lamp using an ammeter.

Part B – Varying Lamp Direction (fixed power)


1. Choose one lamp (e.g., 60W) and keep its distance fixed from the LDR.
2. Vary the angle of incidence (e.g., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) using a protractor or adjustable
mount.
3. Record the current for each angle.

6. Observations
Table A – Varying Power (Fixed Distance, Constant Angle)

Lamp Power (W) Current (mA)

25

40

60

Table B – Varying Angle (Fixed Power, Fixed Distance)

Angle (°) Current (mA)

30

45

60

90

7. Result
- As the power of the lamp increases, the current increases, confirming that more light
intensity reduces LDR resistance.
- As the angle increases (i.e., lamp moves away from perpendicular), the current decreases,
confirming that light intensity on LDR decreases with oblique incidence.

8. Conclusion
- The LDR’s resistance is inversely proportional to the light intensity incident on it.
- Both power and direction of the light source significantly influence the current in an LDR
circuit.
- This setup can be used in real-world applications like automatic lighting, light-following
robots, and optical sensors.

9. Precautions
- Avoid ambient light interference by performing the experiment in a dark enclosure.
- Ensure connections are tight and voltage is kept within safe limits for the LDR.
- Handle incandescent lamps carefully as they become hot quickly.

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