Unit 5: PIC Interfacing - III
1. Interfacing ADC (0808) with PIC
Overview of ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are essential components in embedded
systems, allowing for the conversion of analog signals (such as temperature,
light, or sound) into digital values that microcontrollers can process. The
ADC0808 is a popular 8-bit ADC with an integrated 8-channel multiplexer,
which enables it to handle multiple input signals.
Pin Configuration of ADC0808
The ADC0808 features several pins essential for its operation:
Vref: Reference voltage for the ADC.
Vcc: Supply voltage (typically +5V).
AGND: Analog ground.
D0 to D7: Digital output pins (8-bit output).
IN0 to IN7: Analog input channels.
ALE: Address latch enable for selecting the input channel.
START: Start conversion signal.
EOC: End of conversion signal.
CS: Chip select.
Circuit Connections
1. Connect the ADC0808 Vcc and GND pins to the power supply.
2. Connect the analog inputs (IN0 to IN7) to the sensors or sources of
analog signals.
3. Connect the digital output pins (D0 to D7) to the corresponding GPIO
pins on the PIC.
4. Connect the ALE, START, and CS pins to the PIC to control the ADC
operation.
Example Application: Temperature Sensor
To demonstrate ADC interfacing, we will use a thermistor as a temperature
sensor connected to the ADC0808.
Example Code
#include <xc.h> #define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 // 20MHz crystal
frequency#define ADC_CHANNEL 0 // ADC channel to read void adc_init()
{ TRISD = 0x00; // Configure PORTD as output for ADC data
TRISB = 0x01; // Configure RB0 as input for EOC // Additional
configurations as required} unsigned char adc_read(unsigned char channel) {
PORTBbits.RB0 = 0; // Set EOC low PORTC = channel; // Select
channel PORTBbits.RB1 = 1; // Set ALE high to latch channel
__delay_us(10); PORTBbits.RB1 = 0; // Set ALE low PORTBbits.RB2 =
1; // Start conversion __delay_us(10); PORTBbits.RB2 = 0; //
Reset START pin while (!PORTBbits.RB0); // Wait for conversion to complete
return PORTD; // Return ADC result} void main() { unsigned char
adc_value; adc_init(); while (1) { adc_value =
adc_read(ADC_CHANNEL); // Read temperature value // Process the
adc_value as needed __delay_ms(1000); }}
2. Temperature Sensor Interfacing using ADC
and I2C with PIC
Overview of Temperature Sensors
Temperature sensors, such as the LM35, provide analog voltage output
proportional to the temperature. Interfacing temperature sensors with PIC
microcontrollers often involves using ADC to convert the analog signal into
digital form. Alternatively, digital temperature sensors like the DS18B20 use
the I2C protocol for communication.
Circuit Connections
1. For LM35 with ADC:
Connect the LM35 output to one of the ADC0808 input channels.
Follow the ADC0808 connections as previously mentioned.
2. For DS18B20 using I2C:
Connect the DS18B20's Vcc and GND pins to the power supply.
Connect the data pin to a GPIO pin on the PIC configured for I2C
communication.
Example Code for LM35
unsigned char read_temperature() { unsigned char adc_value =
adc_read(ADC_CHANNEL); // Read from LM35 float temperature = adc_value *
(5.0 / 255.0) * 100; // Convert ADC value to Celsius return temperature;}
Example Code for DS18B20
#include <xc.h>#include "i2c.h" // Include the I2C library void
ds18b20_init() { // Initialization code for DS18B20} float
ds18b20_read_temp() { unsigned char data[2]; i2c_start();
i2c_write(0x48); // DS18B20 address i2c_write(0x00); // Command to read
temperature i2c_start(); i2c_write(0x49); // Read command data[0] =
i2c_read_ack(); data[1] = i2c_read_nack(); i2c_stop(); return
(data[0] + (data[1] >> 4)) * 0.0625; // Convert to Celsius} void main()
{ float temperature; ds18b20_init(); while (1) { temperature
= ds18b20_read_temp(); // Process the temperature value
__delay_ms(1000); }}
3. Interfacing RTC (DS1306) Using I2C with PIC
Overview of RTC
Real-Time Clocks (RTCs) like the DS1306 are essential for keeping track of
time in embedded systems. They maintain accurate time and can operate on
a small battery, ensuring timekeeping even when the main power is off.
Pin Configuration of DS1306
Vcc: Supply voltage (typically +5V).
GND: Ground connection.
SDA: Serial data line for I2C communication.
SCL: Serial clock line for I2C communication.
Circuit Connections
1. Connect Vcc and GND pins to the power supply.
2. Connect the SDA and SCL pins to the respective I2C GPIO pins on the
PIC.
3. Include pull-up resistors (typically 4.7kΩ) on the SDA and SCL lines.
Example Code
#include <xc.h>#include "i2c.h" // Include I2C library void
ds1306_set_time(unsigned char hour, unsigned char minute, unsigned char
second) { i2c_start(); i2c_write(0xD0); // DS1306 address for write
i2c_write(0x00); // Address to set time i2c_write(second); // Set seconds
i2c_write(minute); // Set minutes i2c_write(hour); // Set hours
i2c_stop();} void ds1306_get_time(unsigned char *hour, unsigned char *minute,
unsigned char *second) { unsigned char data[3]; i2c_start();
i2c_write(0xD0); // DS1306 address for write i2c_write(0x00); // Address
to read time i2c_start(); i2c_write(0xD1); // DS1306 address for read
data[0] = i2c_read_ack(); // Read seconds data[1] = i2c_read_ack(); //
Read minutes data[2] = i2c_read_nack(); // Read hours i2c_stop();
*second = data[0]; *minute = data[1]; *hour = data[2];} void main() {
unsigned char hour, minute, second; ds1306_set_time(12, 30, 45); // Set
time to 12:30:45 while (1) { ds1306_get_time(&hour, &minute,
&second); // Process the retrieved time values
__delay_ms(1000); }}
4. Interfacing EEPROM Using SPI with PIC
Overview of EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) is non-
volatile memory that retains data even when power is removed. It is used for
storing configuration settings and other critical information in embedded
systems.
Pin Configuration of 93C56 EEPROM
Vcc: Supply voltage (typically +5V).
GND: Ground connection.
SCK: Serial clock for SPI communication.
SDA: Serial data line for SPI communication.
CS: Chip select to enable the EEPROM.
Circuit Connections
1. Connect Vcc and GND pins to the power supply.
2. Connect the SCK, SDA, and CS pins to the respective SPI GPIO pins on
the PIC.
3. Include pull-up resistors on the SDA line.
Example Code
#include <xc.h>#include "spi.h" // Include SPI library void
eeprom_write(unsigned char address, unsigned char data) { CS = 0;
// Enable EEPROM spi_write(0x02); // Write command
spi_write(address); // Address to write spi_write(data); // Data to
write CS = 1; // Disable EEPROM} unsigned char
eeprom_read(unsigned char address) { unsigned char data; CS = 0;
// Enable EEPROM spi_write(0x03); // Read command spi_write(address);
// Address to read data = spi_read(); // Read data CS = 1;
// Disable EEPROM return data;} void main() { unsigned char data;
eeprom_write(0x00, 0xAB); // Write data to EEPROM data =
eeprom_read(0x00); // Read data from EEPROM // Process the data as needed
__delay_ms(1000);}
