NATURAL VEGETATION
CHAPTER -9
Important notes
What is natural vegetation?
Natural vegetation refers to the group of plants and trees that has group natural without any
human intervention.
Importance of Forest
a. Productive Functions: They provide us various products such as wood (for furniture
) wood and bamboo pulp( used for paper) fibres, essential oils,and many more
b. Protective Functions: It controls water cycle also it binds soil and prevents soil
erosion. The decay of forest litter helps in increasing soil fertility
c. Regulatory Functions: They utilise CO2 and release O2 this maintains carbon and
oxygen cycle..They also regulate water cycle
d. Accessory Function: They provide habitats for animals.They also provide recreation
to human beings.
Types of Vegetation
There are five major vegetation regions in the country:
1. Tropical Evergreen or Rain Forest
2. Tropical Deciduous forest
3. Tropical Desert Forest
4. Littoral or Tidal forest
5. Mountain Forest
Vegetation Climatic Distribution Important Economic value Characteristics
types condition trees
s
Tropical Temp: Western Rosewood, The Timber 1.Luxuriant
Evergreen 25-37°C slopes of Mahanoy, produced is hard vegetation of all kind
Rainfall: western Ebony, and durable. because these remain
more than ghats,Tamil Notes: warm and wet
200 cm Nadu coast Due to dense throughout the year
Andaman canopy and lack 2. They don’t shed
and Nicobar of means of there leaves
Islands transport these altogether that’s why
forest are not been appear green all the
fully exploited year round
Tropical Temp:24- Foothill of Teak ,Sal, They are They shed the leave
Deciduous 27°C Himalayas, Arjun,shis commercially most from 6 to 8 weeks
forest Rainfall: Eastern ham exploited because during spring due to
Or 100- slopes of of valuable Timber shortage of water
Monsoon 200cm western like sandalwood
forest ghats,
Large tract of these
forest are cleared During the dry
Temp:23- Rainier part for agriculture season the trees in
27°C of peninsular activities these forest shed
Rainfall: plateaus and Khair, their leaves
70 - plains of bel,tendu, completely and give
100cm Bihar and the forest a look of
Uttar Pradesh vast grassland with
naked trees
Tropical Temp: Haryana, Babool,da Ber-pickle or 1.These have
Desert 25-27°C Central and te beverages, xerophytic
Forest or Rainfall: Eastern palm,nee Babool bark- vegetation.
Thorn less than Rajasthan,M m,cactii medicinal Value, 2.They have long
forest 50cm adhya Neem – medicinal route that can reach
Pradesh value Deep down in search
of water
3.In these forest
plants remain leaf
less.
4.They have thorns
in place of leaves to
prevent evapo-
transpiration
Littoral or Temp:26- Delta of Sundari,b They are utilise for 1.The roots are
Tidal forest 29°C large River hara,amur fuel whereas submerged
Rainfall: on eastern sundari trees underwater
not more coast, provide hard 2.These forest have
than Swamps of durable Timber breathing roots
200cm Sunderbans called
in west pneumatophores
bengal
Mountain Temp: Vindhya, Oak,Pine,
Forest 12-13°c Nilgiris and chestnut
Rainfall: western ghats
100- along with
300cm entire
Himalayas
Why forests are been exploited?
a. Increasing population
b. The construction of homes and other buildings.
c. Agriculture (to meet the increased demand for food).
d. The construction of roads, dams, and other infrastructure.
e. Construction of multipurpose river valley project
Forest conservation method
• Increasing area under forest
• Planting trees around industrial units to reduce level of pollution
• Using alternative source of energy
• Strict laws should be made to check deforestation
Social Forestry
It refers to the management and protection of forest and afforestation on barrel lands
with the purpose of helping the environment
Objective
• Providing employment opportunities to rural people
• Providing fuelwood powder for cattle Timber and other products to rural
people
Agro Forestry
Agroforestry is the raising of forest and agricultural crops on the same land
Or
It combines agriculture with forestry
Objectives
• To check soil erosion and maintain faculty of soil
• To reduce pressure on natural forest for obtaining Timber as well as non timber for
his product
