UNIVERSITY VISVESVARAYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(A First State Autonomous Public University on IIT Model)
K.R. Circle, Bengaluru-560001
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION
This is to certify that YOGARJUN M, bearing USN U25UV23T040118, Student of V Semester
B.Tech, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, has completed the Summer Internship-II on the topic
entitled “Substation Design” carried out from 24th July 2025 to 7th August 2025 at Karnataka
Power Transmission Corporation Limited, Kaveri Bhavan, Bengaluru-560001.
This successful completion contributes towards fulfilling the requirements for the V Semester
Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering at the University Visvesvaraya College of
Engineering.
The report submitted by the student entitled “Substation Design” is an original work and not
submitted to any other institute for the award of any other degree. This report was made with the
suggestion and guidance of the faculty was duly incorporated.
The Proctor, External Guide, Chairperson,
Ms. K.P. Shoba Mr. Ravikumar H.R. Dr. H. Prasanna Kumar
Associate Professor Executive Engineer (Elc) Professor,
Dept of Electrical Engineering Technical Section Dept of Electrical Engineering
UVCE, Bengaluru. Kaveri Bhavan, Bengaluru. UVCE, Bengaluru.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“Gratitude is not a thing of expression; it is more a matter of feeling.”
I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Ravikumar H. R., Executive Engineer (Technical Section)
at KPTCL, for their active support and continuous guidance, without which it would have been difficult for
me to complete this internship. They were generous enough to take time out of their regular work to guide me
and enable me to complete this internship.
I express my gratitude to the honorable Director Dr. Subashish Tripathy, UVCE, who has provided
invaluable guidance and inspiration to the students.
I wish to place my grateful thanks to Dr. H. Prasanna Kumar, Chairperson, Department of Electrical
Engineering, UVCE, for his moral support, which helped me successfully complete the Summer Internship II.
I am grateful to Training and Placement Officer Dr. Dilip Kumar S. M, Professor, Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, UVCE, for his invaluable suggestions.
I am grateful to Ms. K. P. Shoba, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, UVCE, for her
invaluable guidance and suggestions.
I would also like to mention the generous guidance of Ms. Manjula B, Executive Engineer (Technical
Section) at KPTCL, Ms. Yamuna C.R., Assistant Executive Engineer (Technical Section) at KPTCL Mr.
Surya, Assistant Engineer at KPTCL, Nelamangala 400/220kV Substation, Mr. Yeshwanth, Junior
Engineer at KPTCL Sir M. Visvesvaraya GIS Substation, Mr. Usman, Project Engineer NRS, Mr.
Venkatesan, Testing Engineer at L&T (Brindavan Substation), whose guidance helped me to understand
the functioning of organization and complete the internship within the relatively short time frame of 15 days,
from 24th July,2025 to 7th August,2025. They were supportive enough to give me an opportunity to be a part
of such a prestigious organization for 15 days and learn the day-to-day functioning.
Last but by no means the least, I extend my thanks to all the people in the Department of Electrical
Engineering, UVCE, for always being helpful. I am very grateful to my parents and well-wishers for their
continuous moral support and encouragement.
YOGARJUN M
U25UV23T040118
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As a student of B. Tech – Electrical & Electronics Engineering from the UVCE, Bengaluru, I got a rare
opportunity to do my summer internship in Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited.
Though my reporting office was the KPTCL Head office situated in Kaveri Bhavan, the authorities were
generous enough to guide me through the internship, which dealt with the study of designing of substation.
The initial part of the internship consisted of planning the substation from scratch. And then in later stages, I
studied about the equipments used in the transmission substation. In further days, I learnt the advantages of
having a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) compared to a conventional one. And in the next phase of the
internship, I learnt about the protection devices and safety clearances, and measures that should be maintained
and ensured while designing a substation.
I learnt the working of every equipment and element in the substation and the importance of the same. Also
learnt how to analyze the single line diagram and layout plan of the substations of different ratings, and after
each rating substation, I was assigned a field visit to a substation of a certain rating with an engineer assigned
for explanation of the SLD and layout and equipment of the substation.
The later phase of the internship was about proposing an expansion plan for the existing facility. The current
system of the Brindavan substation takes input at 220kV and steps it down to 66kV and 11kV. Owing to the
ambitious capacity, it has been decided to expand the existing transmission facilities. In order to reduce the
losses and due to extra demand, it has been proposed to expand the current transmission facility. A comparative
study needed to be conducted to ascertain whether there was a need to completely overhaul the existing facility
or an upgrade would be enough.
The relevant study showed that only expansion is required at the Brindavan substation. But as of my field visit
to NRS Rajajinagar, complete reconstruction was required at that substation. Conducting tests on existing
equipment by the different vendors namely, Siemens and L&T, etc. From my 15-day stint at the substation, I
could suggest the following measures:
• As the existing lines have been successfully charged at 220kV, a complete overhaul isn’t needed.
• The protective equipment of the circuits is in the process of being tested at 250kV. The Siemens
machines stood up to the tests, hence don’t need replacement, but some other vendors’ equipment
showed signs of instability during testing.
• Since there is land available in the vicinity of the existing substation, there is no dearth of space
available for expansion. Thus, the ideal scenario would be going for a mix of the two approaches, i.e.,
a healthy mixture of expansion and upgradation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE NO
1. COMPANY PROFILE
1.1. KPTCL Unbundled
1.2. Organization Structure of Power System in Karnataka
2. INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION
2.1. What is Substation?
2.2. Classifications of Substations
3. KPTCL TECHNOLOGY
3.1. Generation Capacity under KPTCL
3.2. Details of KPTCL Substation in different zones
3.3. Objectives of Substation
4. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
4.1. What is Single Line Diagram?
4.2. Components of Single Line Diagram
4.3. Examples of Single Line Diagrams
4.3.1. Single Line Diagram of 400/220kV Substation
4.3.1.1. Single Line Diagram of 400/220kV AIS Substation
4.3.1.2. Single Line Diagram of 400/220kV GIS Substation
4.3.2. Single Line Diagram of 220/66kV Substation
4.3.2.1. Single Line Diagram of 220/66kV AIS Substation
4.3.2.2. Single Line Diagram of 220/66kV GIS Substation
4.3.2.3. Single Line Diagram of 220/66kV Hybrid Substation
4.3.3. Single Line Diagram of 220/66/11kV Substation
4.3.3.1. Single Line Diagram of 220/66/11kV AIS Substation
4.3.3.2. Single Line Diagram of 220/66/11kV GIS Substation
4.3.4. Single Line Diagram of 66/11kV Substation
4.3.4.1. Single Line Diagram of 66/11kV AIS Substation
4.3.4.2. Single Line Diagram of 66/11kV GIS Substation
4.4. Layout Plan of the Substation
4.5. Examples of Layout Plan
4.5.1. Layout Plan of 220/66/11kV AIS Substation
4.5.2. Layout Plan of 220/66/11kV GIS Substation
5. PARTS AND EQUIPMENT OF SUBSTATION
5.1. Outdoor Switchyard
5.2. Switchgear
5.3. LT Panels
5.4. Battery Room
5.5. Protection System
5.6. SCADA System
5.7. Electrical and Mechanical auxiliaries
6. SAFETY CLEARANCE IN SUBSTATION
6.1. Substation safety clearances
6.2. Safety clearance in substation
6.3. Minimum clearance in substation
6.4. Electrical clearance in substation
7. FUNCTIONS OF ASSOCIATED SYSTEM IN SUBSTATION
8. PROCEDURE FOR THE SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION
8.1. Load Analyzation over a period of time
8.2. Proposal of the Capacity of Substation based on the Demand
8.3. Substation Site Selection
8.4. Geotechnical Survey of the Selected Site
8.5. Fitting and Filling of the Selected Site
8.6. Substation Protection
8.6.1. Earthing and Grounding
8.6.2. Lightning Protection
8.7. Estimation of Substation
8.7.1. Power Transformer
8.7.2. Current Transformer
8.7.3. Potential Transformer
8.7.4. Wave Trap
8.7.5. Lightning Arrester
8.7.6. Electrical Isolator
8.7.7. Bus Bars
8.7.8. Bus Coupler
8.7.9. Circuit Breaker
8.7.10. Control Panel
8.7.11. Power Line Communication
8.7.12. Earth Fault Relay
8.7.13. Over Current Relay
8.7.14. Distance Relay
8.7.15. Differential Relay
8.7.16. Capacitor Bank
8.7.17. Batteries
8.8. Testing of Equipment at Site
8.9. Charging of Substation
9. CHALLENGES, RECOOMENDATIONS & SOLUTIONS
10. REFLECTION
11. CONCLUSION
12. REFERENCES
