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Electrical Machine EEC 233 4th Note

The document provides an overview of transformers, explaining their function to raise or lower voltage in an AC supply through electromagnetic induction. It discusses the principles of operation, including the roles of primary and secondary windings, and introduces the concept of ideal versus practical transformers, highlighting losses such as core and copper losses. Additionally, it includes mathematical equations for induced emf and voltage transformation ratios, along with examples and exercises for practical understanding.

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josiahdanlamiadukwa
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128 views9 pages

Electrical Machine EEC 233 4th Note

The document provides an overview of transformers, explaining their function to raise or lower voltage in an AC supply through electromagnetic induction. It discusses the principles of operation, including the roles of primary and secondary windings, and introduces the concept of ideal versus practical transformers, highlighting losses such as core and copper losses. Additionally, it includes mathematical equations for induced emf and voltage transformation ratios, along with examples and exercises for practical understanding.

Uploaded by

josiahdanlamiadukwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
025 SESSIO) ye 24, Transformer Ajtransformer is a static Piece of equipment used either for raising or lowering the’ voltage’ of an AC supply with a corresponding decrease or increase in current. It essentially consists of two windings. the primary and secondary. wound on @ common ‘aminated magnetic core as shown in 9.. The winding connected to the AC source 's called primary winding (or primary) and the one connected'to load js called =<. + secondary winding (or secondary). The alternating voltage V; whose magnitude is to be changed is applied to the primary. Depending upon the number of turns of the Primary (Ni) and secondary (ta). an alternating emf E; is induced in the secondary. This. induced emf E; in the secondary causes.a secondary current |z. Consequently, terminal. * voltage V2 will appear across the load, If Vz > V, it is called a step up-transformer. On. the other hand, if V2 < V4. ic is called a step-down transformer. Fig. 9:'A Transformer” Working Principle of a Transformer eee ‘ 1 The basic principle on which the transformer works is Faraday's Law’ of Electromagnetic. = > induction or mutual induction bétween the two coils, Wheh ari aiternating voltage: Vyis.~ applied to the primary, an alternating flux 0 is set up in thé core. This alternating flux links both the windings and induces emfs £, and £, in the windings, The emf E is el as primary emf and emf E; is termed as secondary emf Clearly, Ee oe) Note that magnitude’ of E, and E, depend upon the number of tums on the secondary’. | and primary respectively. If Nz > Nj, then Ey > E; (or Vz > V\) and we get. a step-up transformer! On the other hand, ifN, < Nj, then E; < &) (0 Vj< Vy) and we get astep- “down transformer. * is 21 : ' If oad is connected across the secondary winding. the secondary emf E, will cause a - . ¥ (xiv) Clearly. fp is phasor sum Of fn and ly, ty SRT bd Noloadpf.csOoz% * 7. Gi) ore =" a9Tpoge”

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