¹ 2O1O Nwhator ot al, publlshor ano llconsoo Dovo Moolcal Pross Lto.

Thls ls an Opon Accoss artlclo

whlch pormlts unrostrlctoo noncommorclal uso, provlooo tho orlçlnal work ls proporly cltoo.
Posoarch ano Poports ln Troplcal Moolclno 2O1O.1 45-51
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45
OP l Cl NA L P E S E AP CH
Opon Accoss Full Toxt Artlclo
DOl: 10.2147/PPTM.513698
Awaronoss o| llnk botwoon smoklnç
ano porlooontal olsoaso ln Nlçorla.
a comparatlvo stuoy
Solomon O Nwhator
1
Patrlcla O Ayanbaoojo
2
Mooupo O Arowojolu
3
Osaçlo Akhlonbaro
4
Aooloko O Oçlnnl
5
1
Dopartmont o| Provontlvo ano
Communlty Dontlstry, Oba|oml
Awolowo Unlvorslty, llo-l|o,
2
Dopartmont o| Provontlvo Dontlstry,
Unlvorslty o| Laços,
3
Dontal School
Unlvorslty Colloço Hospltal lbaoan,
4
Dopartmont o| Porlooontlcs, School
o| Dontlstry, Colloço o| Moolcal
Scloncos, Unlvorslty o| 8onln,
8onln Clty,
5
Dopartmont o|
Postoratlvo Dontlstry, Oba|oml
Awolowo Unlvorslty, llo-l|o,
Nlçorla
Corrosponoonco. Solomon O Nwhator
Dopartmont o| Provontlvo ano
Communlty Dontlstry, Oba|oml
Awolowo Unlvorslty, llo-l|o, Nlçorla
Tol 44 J94 325 OO8O
Emall nwhator32@yahoo.com
Objectives:
Design:
Pesults:
Conclusions:
Keywords:
Background
Posoarch ano Poports ln Troplcal Moolclno 2O1O.1
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46
Nwhator ot al
Methods
Statlstlcal analysls
Pesults
Patlont awaronoss o| llnk botwoon
smoklnç ano porlooontal olsoaso
Mannor ln whlch tobacco ls bollovoo
to a||oct oral hoalth
Posoarch ano Poports ln Troplcal Moolclno 2O1O.1
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47
Smoklnç ano porlooontal olsoaso ln Nlçorla
Discussion
Table 1 Quostlonnalro aomlnlstoroo to subjocts ln thls stuoy
ln oroor to unoorstano ano moot tho oontal nooos o| tho communlty coulo you ploaso comploto thls quostlonnalro! Ploaso tlck tho box that bost
ooscrlbos your answor ano provloo |urthor ln|ormatlon whoro askoo. Thank you |or your holp.
1) a. What ls your aço!...............yoars b. Occupatlon.... c. Hlçhost ooucatlonal lovol attalnoo.......
2) What ls your çonoor! Fomalo Malo
3) To whlch o| tho |ollowlnç çroups oo you bolonç!
Yoruba
Hausa
Eblra
lblblo
ltsoklrl
Fulanl
Tlv
lçbo
Ilaw
Eçun
Othor A|rlcan trlbo
lnolan
Europoan
Othor (ploaso spocl|y)
4) Whon last olo you vlslt a oontlst! O-b months J-12 months Ovor ono yoar Novor
5) Poason |or oontal attonoanco or nonattonoanco
b) Do you smoko! Yos No
J) l| you smoko, oo you smoko clçarottos clçars plpo marljuana!
1O) Do you uso tobacco ln any othor way! Yos No
11) l| yos, ln what |orm oo you tako tobacco (chow tobacco, tako snu||, otc)
Evon l| you oo not smoko or uso tobacco ploaso answor tho quostlons bolow.
12) Do you know that smoklnç ls not çooo |or you! Yos No
13) Aro you awaro that tobacco can a||oct your oral ano oontal hoalth! Yos No
14) l| yos, how oo you thlnk smoklnç or uslnç tobacco a||octs tho lnsloo o| your mouth!
15) l| you havo smokoo ln tho past, how many yoars havo you boon a nonsmokor! Yoars
1b) Why olo you stop smoklnç! (Ploaso tlck tho box that stronçly appllos to you)
Moolcal roasons Dontal hoalth roasons
Exponslvo hablt Othor - ploaso spocl|y.............
Poor prossuro lncroaslnç numbor o| nonsmoklnç aroas
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Nwhator ot al
Table 2 Froquoncy olstrlbutlon o| patlont charactorlstlcs (|or all rosponoonts ano by bollo|s)
Overall sample Believe smoking
is bad
Do not believe
smoking is bad
Do not know
n 902 X n 869 96.3X n 28 3.1X n 5 0.6X
Gender
Malo 418 4b.3/ 4O8 4J.O/ 9 32.1/ 1 2O.O/
Fomalo 484 53.J/ 4b1 53.O/ 19 bJ.9/ 4 8O.O/
Total 9O2 1OO/ 8b9 1OO/ 28 1OO/ 5 1OO/
Dental visits
vlsltoo bO1 bb.b/ 58O bb.J/ 18 b4.3/ 3 bO.O/
Not vlsltoo 3O1 33.4/ 289 33.3/ 1O 35.J/ 2 4O.O/
Total 9O2 1OO/ 8b9 1OO/ 28 1OO/ 5 1OO
Education
Nono 1O 1.1/ 9 1.O/ 1 3.b/ O O
Prlmary 25 2.8/ 23 2.b/ 2 J.1/ O O
Soconoary 144 1b.O/ 13b 15.J/ J 25.O/ 1 2O.O/
Unoorçraouato 34O 3J.J/ 328 3J.J/ 1O 35.J/ 2 4O.O/
Tortlary 3J9 42.O/ 3b9 42.5/ 8 28.b/ 2 4O.O/
PhD 4 O.4/ 4 O.5/ 2 O O O
Total 9O2 1OO/ 8b9 1OO/ 8 1OO/ 5 1OO/
5moke
Yos 2b 2.9/ 24 2.8/ 2 J.1/ O O
No 8Jb 9J.1/ 845 9J.2/ 2b 92.9/ 5 1OO/
Total 9O2 1OO/ 8b9 1OO/ 28 1OO/ 5 1OO/
Why stop
Moolcal 8 8O.O/ 8 8O.O/ O O O O
Exponslvo O O O O O O O O
Porsonal ooslro 2 2O.O/ 2 2O/ O O O O
Total 1O 1OO/ 1O 1OO/ O O O O
Ethnicity
Yoruba 598 bb.3 / 5Jb bb.3/ 1J bO.J/ 5 1OO/
lçbo 93 1O.3/ 92 1O.b/ 1 3.b/ O O
8lnl bO b.J/ 55 b.3/ 5 1J.9/ O O
Othors 151 1b.J/ 14b 1b.8/ 5 1J.9/ O O
Total 9O2 1OO/ 8b9 1OO/ 28 1OO/ 5 1OO/
Posoarch ano Poports ln Troplcal Moolclno 2O1O.1
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49
Smoklnç ano porlooontal olsoaso ln Nlçorla
Porlooontltls ano smoklnç
Table 3 Unlvarlato tost on tho assoclatlon o| ol||oront varlablos wlth patlont awaronoss o| llnk botwoon smoklnç ano porlooontal
olsoaso
Overall sample Believe smoking is bad Do not believe smoking
is bad
 value
n 902 X n 821 91X n 81 9.0X
Gender
Malo 418 4b.3/ 3J1 45.2 4J 58.O/
2
4.89
Fomalo 484 53.J/ 45O 54.8 34 42.O/ o| 1
Total 9O2 1OO/ 821 1OO/ 81 1OO/  O.OO3
Dental visits
vlsltoo bO1 bb.b/ 552 bJ.2/ 49 bO.5/
2
1.51
Not vlsltoo 3O1 33.4/ 2b9 32.8/ 32 39.5/ o| 1
Total 9O2 1OO/ 821 1OO/ 81 1OO/  O.22
Education
Up to soconoary only 1J9 19.8/ 154 18.J/ 29 35.8/
2
J.28
Unoorçraouato 34O 3J.J/ 311 3J.9/ 25 3O.9/ o| 2
Tortlary ano PhD 383 42.5/ 35b 43.4/ 2J 33.3/  O.O3
Total 9O2 1OO/ 821 1OO/ 81 1OO/
5moke
Yos 2b 2.9/ 2O 2.4/ b J.4/
2
(Yato's
corroctoo) 4.85
No 8Jb 9J.1/ 8O1 9J.b/ J5 92.b/
Total 9O2 1OO/ 821 1OO/ 81 1OO/  O.O3
Peason tor stopping
Moolcal 8 8O.O/ 8 8O.O/ O O Not appllcablo
Exponslvo O O O O O O
Porsonal ooslro 2 2O.O/ 2 2O.O/ O O
Total 1O 1OO/ 1O 1OO/ O O
Ethnicity
Yoruba 598 bb.3/ 54b bb.5/ 1J bO.J/
2
b.21
lçbo 93 1O.3/ 85 1O.4/ 1 3.5/ o| 3
8lnl bO b.J/ 51 b.2/ 5 1J.9/  O.1O
Othors 151 1b.J/ 139 1b.9/ 5 1J.9/
Total 9O2 1OO/ 821 1OO/ 28 1OO/
Posoarch ano Poports ln Troplcal Moolclno 2O1O.1
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50
Nwhator ot al
Smoklnç cossatlon aovlco
Conclusion
Disclosure
Peterences
Table 4 How tobacco ls bollovoo to a||oct oral ano oontal hoalth
(|or 821 subjocts who woro awaro that smoklnç a||octs oral/
oontal hoalth)
n X
8looolnç 1 O.1
8urns 1 O.1
Calculus 1 O.1
Cancor 3J 4.1
Carlos 3 O.3
Coll oamaço 2 O.2
Cum olsoaso 2O 2.2
Halltosls 53 5.9
lll hoath 1 O.1
ln|octlon 5 O.b
lrrltatlon 2 O.2
Koratosls 2 O.2
Paln 1 O.1
Plaquo 1 O.1
Polson 1 O.1
Stalns 323 35.8
Ulcor 2 O.2
Do not know 3b5 44.5
Total 821 1OO.O
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Posoarch ano Poports ln Troplcal Moolclno 2O1O.1
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51
Smoklnç ano porlooontal olsoaso ln Nlçorla