Great! Let's go through each question step-by-step and answer them carefully and clearly.
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PART I: MORPHOLOGY
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1. What is morphology?
c. The study of the rules governing word formation
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2. Which is not an example of an "allomorph"?
c. Some derivational morphemes in English (-ment, -ly, -able)
(Allomorphs are different forms of the same morpheme, often seen in plural or past tense
forms.)
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3. What is a morpheme?
c. The smallest meaningful unit of a word
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4. How many morphemes does the word "antiestablishment" have?
d. 6
Breakdown: anti- + establish + -ment = 3 (but if we include root splitting like establish = 2, some
say 4-6 depending on approach).
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5. What is the main difference between free and bound morphemes?
c. Free morphemes can stand alone, but bound morphemes have to be attached to a base
morpheme/root
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6. The closed class is the functional category of words that are not derivable.
a. True
(Closed class includes prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, etc.)
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7. Which is not an example of derivational morphemes?
a. Walk – Walked
(This is inflectional, showing past tense, not forming a new word.)
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8. Which choice shows an example of an inflectional morpheme?
c. Regret – Regrets
(“-s” is an inflectional morpheme for plural or third person singular.)
9. ______________ is a word formation process in which you put existing words together to
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create new words.
a. Compounding
10. Derivation rules can be applied only once to a stem to produce new lexical items (e.g., friend
❌
→ friendly).
False
(Derivation can be recursive. For example: friend → friendly → unfriendliness.)
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11. In the word "unhappiness," what morphemes can be identified?
d. "Un-", "happy", and "-ness"
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12. What morphological process is used to create the word "unhappiness"?
b. Affixation
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13. What term describes the process of forming a new word by shortening an existing word?
b. Clipping
14. The process of adding a bound morpheme to the end of a word to change its meaning or
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function is called:
b. Suffixation
15. Explain the word formation process in English language.
Answer:
Word formation in English involves various processes used to create new words. These include:
Affixation: Adding prefixes/suffixes (e.g., happy → unhappy)
Compounding: Combining two words (e.g., tooth + brush = toothbrush)
Conversion: Changing word class (e.g., to run (verb) → a run (noun))
Clipping: Shortening (e.g., telephone → phone)
Blending: Merging parts of two words (e.g., brunch = breakfast + lunch)
Acronyms: Using initials (e.g., NASA)
Reduplication: Repeating sounds (e.g., go-go)
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PART II: SYNTAX
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1. What is syntax?
b. The study of sentence structure
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2. What is the basic unit of syntax?
c. Clause
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3. Which of the following is a function of syntax?
a. Determining word order
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4. What is the subject of a sentence?
c. The doer of the action
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5. What is a verb phrase?
b. A group of words that expresses an action or state
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6. What is a direct object?
c. The receiver of the action
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7. In the sentence "John gave Mary a book," what is the direct and indirect object?
Direct object: Book, Indirect object: Mary
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8. What is a prepositional phrase?
c. A group of words that begins with a preposition
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9. In the sentence "The cat is on the table," what is the prepositional phrase?
c. On the table
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10. In the sentence "The big brown dog chased the cat," what is the adjective phrase?
a. The big brown dog
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11. What is an independent clause?
a. A clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence
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12. Represent on the following sentences on a tree diagram /9 marks
Due to space limitations here, I will describe how you can structure them:
a. The book is on the table
Sentence (S) → NP + VP
NP → Det + N ("The book")
VP → V + PP ("is on the table")
PP → P + NP ("on the table")
NP → Det + N ("the table")
b. Riza or Toma and Jack were present in the meeting
S → NP + VP
NP → NP + Conj + NP + Conj + NP (Compound subject: Riza or Toma and Jack)
VP → Aux + Adj + PP
PP → Prep + NP
c. I am very interested in the language studies
S → NP + VP
NP → Pronoun ("I")
VP → Aux + Adv + Adj + PP
PP → Prep + NP ("in the language studies")
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13. Which of the following types of ambiguity arises from words with multiple meanings?
✅ a. Lexical ambiguity
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14. Which of the following sentences demonstrates structural ambiguity?
a. "I saw a man with a telescope."
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15. Ambiguity in language can lead to:
b. Misunderstanding or confusion
16. Identify the type of ambiguity and give 2 paraphrases to make the meaning clear
a. Two cars were reported stolen by the police.
Type: Structural ambiguity
Paraphrases:
1. The police reported that two cars were stolen.
2. Two cars, which were stolen by the police, were reported.
b. I just saw someone carrying a monkey and an elephant go into the circus.
Type: Structural ambiguity
Paraphrases:
1. I saw someone carrying both a monkey and an elephant into the circus.
2. I saw someone with a monkey, and an elephant was going into the circus.
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✅ Let me know if you want the tree diagrams drawn, or if you need this in a printable format
like Word or PDF.
