1 So snh gia qu trnh hp thu nguyn t v qu trnh pht x nguyn t Qu trnh hp thu nguyn t - Nguyn t trng thi c bn t do,

, khng linkt - Cn nng lng nhit ct t cc lin kt ha hc gia nguyn t ca nguyn t cn phn tch vi cc nguyn t khc sang trng thi n nguyn t ri tin hnh nguyn t ha - Nng lng dng bc x in t c trng chiu vo hi n nguyn t, chuyn nguyn t trng thi c bn sang trng thi kch hot - o s suy gim cng bc x in t do hi n nguyn t hp thu n chuyn t trng thi c bn sang trng thi kch hot - nh lng Qu trnh pht x nguyn t - Cc nguyn t hay ion trng thi kch hot Trng thi kch hot c to thnh trong mi trng c nhit cao. Cc ngun nng lng: plasma, h quang in

Trng thi kch hot khng bn, t tr v trng thi c bn , pht ra nng lng dng bc x in t o bc x in t pht ra khi nguyn t hay ion t trng thi kch hot quay v trng thi c bn nh tnh v nh lng

2. Nguyn tc ca phng php ph nguyn t, iu kin c ph nguyn t Phng php AAS da trn s hp thu chn lc bc x n sc c trng ca m hi nguyn t ca nguyn t cn xc nh. iu kin c c ph nguyn t :

+ Nguyn t phi trng thi hi n nguyn t. Thng, nguyn t cn xc nh nm di dng cc hp cht ha hc. Mun c nguyn t trng thi t do cn phi ct t cc lin kt ha hc, ng thi phi ha hi nguyn t . iu ny c thc hin nhit cao, dng cc ngun nhit l ngn la n kh, hay l graphit + Phi c ngun nh sng n sc ph hp vi nguyn t cn xc nh. Thng ngun nh sng n sc chnh l tia bc x pht ra t chnh nguyn t cn xc nh. Bc x ny c pht ra t n cathode rng ( HCL) hay n phng in phi cc (EDL) lm t chnh nguyn t cn xc nh + Cc nguyn t ca nguyn t cn xc nh trng thi hi nm trng thi c mc nng lng thp nht gi l mc c bn Eo khi hp th bc x c trng pht ra t n HCL hay EDL s chuyn ln cc mc nng lng cao hn Ej gi l mc kch thch. Vic chuyn di t mc Eo ln Ej tng ng vi cc vch ph cng hng 3.S lc v c im ca cc phng php F-AAS, GF-AAS, Hg-AAS, b ha hi lnh Hg: 3.1 F-AAS: - Nguyn tc : Cc qu trnh xy ra khi nguyn t ha bng F-AAS

+Qu trnh phun sng: Dung dch mu c ht vo bung phun v c phun qua b phun sng to thnh cc ht sol kh nh vo bung trn. Thng th, ht sol >10 micromet thot ra ngoi qua ng thi, ht sol < 10 micromet c trn vi hn hp kh chy n u t.Qu trnh phun sng b nh hng bi cn nhiu vt l nh: nht, t trng, sc cng b mt ca dung dch, tc ht mu, tc kh + Qa trnh bay hi ca dung mi, v nng chy ca cc ht rn: xy ra ti u t chu nh hng bi nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cht phn tch + Qu trnh nguyn t ha cht phn tch: , ph v nng lng lin kt, ct t lin kt ha hc, nguyn t b kch thch do hp thu bc x t n HCL. Chu nh hng bi cn nhiu ha hc nh nhit ngn la,ch oxid ha ca mi trng nguyn t ha, bn cht ca cht phn tch v nn mu, s tng tc gia mu vi nn to cc hp cht kh nguyn t ha. + Qu trnh kch thch v ion ha: chu nh hng ca cn nhiu ion ha -Gii hn nh lng: ppm - S nguyn t c th xc nh c :68+ -Lng mu dng cao : 7mL/pht - Thng dng ngn la Acetylene/khng kh, khng kim sot c nhit -Tn hiu thu c dng u n -Thi gian lu : ms -Hiu sut phun sng thp 3.2 GF-AAS: Nguyn tc: Gm 5 giai on + Lm kh mu: Dung mi hay nc c trong mu c lm bc hi chm nhit 100-120 C. + Giai on tro ha mu: Cc thnh phn nn mu d bay hi c th gy cn tr cho php xc nh cht phn tch c loi b giai on ny bng cch cho bc hi nhit cao. Nhit thng dng khong 120-700 C.Giai on ny ph thuc vo nhit si ca cht phn tch. Nhit tro ha mu khng c vt qu nhit si ca cht phn tch.Giai on ny rt d hnh thnh hp cht carbua + Giai on nguyn t ha : Sau thi gian tro ha mu, l graphite c nng nhit n 2500 C . cht phn tch s bay hi v hp x bc sng c trng pht ra t n pht bc x c trng. My AAS s ghi nhn tn hiu v t tnh ra hm lng cht phn tch c trong mu

+ Giai on lm sch v lm ngui : Sau khi nguyn t ha, l graphite c nng khong 2600 C bc hi ht nhng cht cn li trong l. Gii hn nh lng: ppb S nguyn t c th phn tch: 50+ Lng mu dng : t, thng khng tim bng tay m t ng ha Thch hp cho phn tch vt Tn hiu thu c dng peak Thi gian lu : s C th kim sot c nhit giai on nguyn t ha 3.3 K thut to hi hydride Nguyn tc:Dng mt cht kh mnh NaBH4 to hydride. Nguyn t ha cc hp cht hydride xy ra trong ng thch anh gia nhit 700-900 C p dng cho cc nguyn t c th to hp cht hydride dng kh: As, Bi, Ge, Pb, Sb,Se, Sn, Te u: Hiu sut ly mu cao, gim thiu cn nhiu do nn mu,c th vn hnh t ng Khuyt: D b nh hng bi nhiu yu t: ha tr ca cht phn tch, thi gian phn ng, p sut kh, nng acid, nhit nguyn t ha. Cn nhiu trong pha kh kh phc tp Gii hn nh lng: ppm Hiu sut ly mu cao. Em xem trong slide v s nguyn t ha trong hp cht hydride r hn 3.4 K thut ha hi lnh Hg Ch p dng c cho Hg Nguyn tc: Hi nguyn t Hg c to ra nhit thng trong mi trng phn ng v c a vo ng thch anh bng cch li cun theo mt dng kh mang qua dung dch mu cha Hg Hiu sut ly mu 100% Thi gian lu di, C kh nng lm giu mu Tm thi hc nhiu y trc i, ui qu @_____@ , cn cn nhiu v cc khc phc, anh ngh chc ko ra u