POLYNOMIAL Polynomial: Polynominal is made up of two words, namely 'poly' meaning many and ‘nominal’ meaning terms. A polynomial is an algebric expression consisting of vari- ables and coefficients that involves only the operation of addition, subtraction, multi- plication, positive integer powers of variables. It is denoted by f(x), g(x), h(x) ete to denote a polynomial in variable x. agua: ague at yreal @ facet ae @, ‘ag’ sate arte site aaa’ said aque age wa drmfirita afreafea ¢ fared ox site quia yrfeet aa % red act ar & vig, wera, TUT, wear yori art wet Perera enfer ater Bi at x A uw aEaE Bt aH fee Be fx), gtx), h(x) ante & eutar rat Example: f(x) = 2x? + 7x? - 4x + 15 and g(x) = 3x4 + 7xy?-5 Polynomial (ER) Many ‘Term (=) co an Various parts of an algebraic expression 7” which are oxpecntd bythe eign of + or ~ xe \ / callled the ‘terms' of the expression \ i Girona wise 3 fae seh + ot = 1 feral @ acm a @, alae & ve weer 2) ! Example: 2x By / — First tert = Second t = Third ter _ ae Which one of the following is polynomial ? frafataa # & aa agua 2? (a) 3Vx {b) 2vx+5s (c) 4x {d) C4 4n eaten Which one of the following is polynomial ? frefeated % @ ara agua 2?1 (a) x +y?=0 (b) et tat be 3. Which of the following is/are polynomial: (c) x+ ie (d) x8+x?+x ffaiad i a ar-ara aque @: Sx? +3x? V7x+5 (a) J7a+5 (b) =. (c) J7P +5 () -8 @ FWrates > Fats Term (3%) Constant Variable Coefficient (SRR) CR) (ae) ‘Acpectic number ora.ymbol symbol which takes vasious numerical The number which multiply with the variables eaalgned a ' values is called a Variable. 42 a polynomial with the sign of the term Cerca te ae iver Caer see at as someon wz a tae elon ai fach gre A oe Faw am fear #1) am on wt) data qed} Ba: fhe) = oa a + Oye BC fi) aT Ha Rt ae Be ff) a HO Here a,~0 Here x’are varible ere a, a,» aare coefficients 4. Which one is the constant term AMT atat Wg a? 4x4 + 7x? + 2x3 + 5x +7 (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 4 Ans. (b)7 5. Which one is the constant term THA-UT ate UE F? nS + 7x? + 4+ St Tx? (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 2 (d) 4 Ans. (d)4 6. How many terms in the expression aftorm # feat ug t10. 11. ax? + bx? +cx+d (a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2 Ans. (b)4 How many terms in the expression orfroras # fart ug & 8x5 + 3x2 + 6x! +98 + 6x42 (a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 2 Ans. (c)6 The second term of the expression cae wT GAT WEE? F(x) = ax! + 6x? + 2x? +3 (a) 3 (b) 2x? (c) ax* (d) 6x? Ans. (d) 6x? Coefficient of x? in (x - 1) (x - 2) is: (x1) (x-2) 9 x2 er WUT @: (a) 2 (b) -2 (c) -1 (4) 4 (x-1) (2-2) Ss erate eto = 1. 3x42 4 1 Ams. Coefficient of x? in =x? - 3x + 4 is: Br 3x +49 an yom @: (a) 4 (b) -2 (¢) -3 (a) = 7 G Find the Coefficient of x‘ in the expansion of 7 fereare 8 xt a yori ara Bifa (x? + x + 1) (=x +1) (a) 1 (b) 2 (ce) -2 (d) -212. 13. (+x +1) (x~~ +1) > lixt---- > 4 Ams. What is the sum of coefficients of polynomial were & yoviat ar att feet ft? f(x) =32 45x44 (a) 12 (b) 10 (e) 11 (d) 13 f(ay> 3424 5% +4 1 it a¢5 +4 7 12 Ans. What is the product of coefficients of polynomial were H yo at yore feat = 7 f(x) = 3x2 + 5x44 (a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 60 (a) 70 See ky > 60 Ans. Polynomial have following types on the basis of terms MONOMIAL : An algebraic expression containing only one term is called a monomial. Wed: Ue asia wisn frat diac ws ue gar %, waadt weer Z1 Example: (5,3y70y,2, S08 be?} are monomials. BINOMIAL : An algebraic expression containing two terms is a called a binomial. fave: dt uel aren dtmfinita aise fare aecra 31 Example : {2x-3, 3x#2y, xyz - 5} are all binomials. Note that 3a + 7a is not a binomial, because 3a+7a = 10a, which is monomial TRINOMIAL : An algebraic expression containing three terms is called a trinomial. fue: de wet aren dtenforia cine frag aera @14. 15. 16. Example.: {x+y +z, a-b +2, x2 + y?- xy, p?- 2q? - 3p2q?r} are trinomial Name the polynomial of the given expression ? feu me site BH aEIE wr ATH aaTait 7 P(x) = 7x2 + 3xy? (a) Monomial (b) Binomial (c) Trinomial (d) Quadrinomial Binomrol What kind of polynomial has three terms ae SM Ot agua ¢ fared dia ue eae (a) Monomial —_(b)_ Binomial (c) Trinomial (d) Quadrinomial Tstnomiol Which of the following is a binomial frafefad #8 ata a um fag t (a) 9a (b) 7a?+8+8a (c) 3ax 4bx 2c (d) 1102+ 11a Warsila ? Binomial Degree Degree: Highest power of a polynomial is called degree of polynomial. cara: fenet agg at serra et aT ARTE a ATA wT ANAT ZI Example: f(x) = 4x? - 2x2 + 8x - 21 and g(x) = 7x2 - 3x +12 | | Degree = 3 Degree = 2 Note: Degree of zero polynomial is not defined Types of Polynomial (on the basis of degree) Constant Linear Quadratic Cubic Bi-quadratic Polynomial Polynomial Polynomial Polynomial _ Polynomial (art aga) (tere aga) (fganit ages) (frat age) ( fg-fgardt agra) Polynomial of Polynomial of | Polynomial of Polynomial of | Polynomial of degree 0 degree 1 degree 2 degree 3 degree 4 Example: Example: Example: Example: x+2, 3u+4 2x'+5, Sx'+2xts 8x',6-x° 10x", ax’ bx”17. 18. Degree. Pr D=0 Sx 5 (constant polynomial) 0= 2 Ox x =0 ox x =0 So, 0 vi Zero polynomial (AE TENT ) Degree of zero p oly nomial us not defined . Classify the following polynomials as constant, linear, quadratic, cubic and biquadratic. Frafatas aguet at ster, thes, framed, frame sit fe-fgara B wo H atte we 7 3P. x2 +X 7a* + 4b? x? -2tK +70? -x4t Tramop (A) Constant polynomial (€) Linear polynomiol (CE) Quadratic polynomral @) Bi-quadratc polynomial ©) Quadratic polynomral Degree of the zero polynomial is WH agra at at 7 -12 14x yty?+4 x2 = xy +7? xt 2x3 +42 $1 rrn7o@ (8) Constant polynomial (©) Linear polynomial (7) Quadrahe polynomial (H) Quadrahe polynomral (9 Br quadrahe pslynomral —-19. 20. (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) any natural number (d) not defined Not defined Zero of the zero polynomial is. YR agg a ye ? (a) 0 (b) 4 (c)_ any natural number (d) not defined Let f(2)= Ox" 4 any real ne Ares any veal number Write the degree and name of polynomial of the following. Pefataa & ogee at ura sit ama fefan Degree Polynomial (a) 6 (b) 6x? + 4x? + 3x 42 (c) 3x41 (d) 6x! + 3x3 + 3x7 +2 (e) 8x - 6x3 + x? (f) 8x Degree Poly nomial (@ ° Constant poly nomial w 3 Cubte polynomial © 1 Linear polynomial w 4y Biquadrahe polynomial © 3 Cubre — polynomeal ) \ Ltnear P oly nomial Concept Value of Polynomial: The value of a polynomial F (x) at x= "B " is obtained by substitut- ing "x ="B" in the given polynomial which is denoted by F (6 ). weg wT a: x= "B" Ut we wena F (x) at a fee ae ague Hx ="B" at ofrenfier ware ure fever ret & fare F (B) grt eetar arat #123. 22. Value of Poly nomial * TF x= -1 Athen the value of polynomial F(x) = 2 f#Od= xeon 419 FEN= CHE 9G) +17 = |= 2417 = 16 Ams. 21, _ Find the value of polynomial agae at AM ara afer P(x)=x2 4x41, atx=1andx=-3 (a) 3,7 (b) 7,4 (c) 7,5 (d) 5,7 Poxy= at bed POY= Were = 3 PEa)= 9-341 4 fins 3,9 Find the value of polynomial WeNS wr A are wife P (y) = 6y*- 24y- 51, aty =-2. (a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 23 Ply) = Gy 24 y- 5] PE2)= Ger -24C2)-51 = 244 48-5) = 42-5] = 21 Ars. Find the value of polynomial Sens wr A aa wtfP (x) = 2x? - 13x? + 17x + 12, at x=2andatx=-3. (a) 0, -210 (b) 4,3 (c) 2.5 (d) 3,-110 24, Find the value of polynomial wee war a ara wiht P (x) = 92 + 6x?- 3x43, atx=-1 (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 13 (a) 11 Zeros or Root of Polynomials The value of variable "x" for which the value of polynomial become zero is called as zeros of the polynomial at "x" wr ae are free fee agua wr a Yt et wee, aEUE a YT wee E Le. f(x) =a, xa, EF a K+ AY IF F(X) =O . A polynomial of degree n has exactly n roots/ Uta n aie ter were & faeRe n yet et é . Roots may be complex or real/ye Aaa aT areata et wat F . Roots may be reapted/qa Gawd WI wad = 4F Zero | roots | Solution of a poly nomial (agye ar gris | wer) tr) Fy e Se 4S zero] roots/ sol” of f@)= 2 > Se-4Sz0 Soe Ws ] Ans. 25. _ Find the zero of the polynomial. agua a Yate aa athe (l) PQ)=x-5© Mey x5 (i) ab=x+4 Uxp= x+y > x+4=0 (Il) f(t) = 2t-3 f= 24-3 = a4+-3=0 gab 3 (Iv)P (y)=5y +1 P= Sy+) Sy += @ Sy=ol 26. ifx=- i Ieacderocat this palynonital ah) =e" sea, ne th alts. af x=- 2 ‘WENE p(x) = 8x? - ax?-x+2, Ht Us YEH e, dt a aT AM aa af (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) -5 (d) -6Pray = 8x? axt-x +2 Pa)e stay 2Gs)*- Cay saee tt Ms al gabe = 3 ee Cer sy Ae * +*2. 42 « 4 7° > -4+5 2 4 a Gs. > al. oi 2 cea Ifx =O and x= - 1 are the roots of the polynomial f(x) = 2x? - 3x? + ax + b find the value ofaandb cafe x=Oandx=-1 aque f(x)=2x3-3x?+ax+b & Ye @ at a ait b ar AM aa aah (a) 0,5 (b) 5,0 (c) -5,0 (d) 0,0 FOO = Ix?-3x* ban +b f(oy= 0-0 +0 +h=0 b=0 f(-l)= -2-3-ath=o 4 ° a= 5 Ans3 -5,028. If Zand Oare the zeros of the polynomial f(x) = 2x? - 5x? + ax +b, then find the value of aandb? cafe 2 sit 0 wen f{x)=2x°-Sx?+ax+b & yrs z, ata sit b at AM ara ath? (a) 0,2 (b) 2,0 (c) 3,0 (d) 0,3 Fee In?-Sx 7+ ax th F(o)= 0-0 +0 +b= 9 f@)= 2y- sa)? +a@) + 0-0 > 16-20 +2a=0 y -Ut2a=0 > 2a=4 | a= Ars= 2,0 29. Find the zero (root) of the polynomial. ARIE CHI YEAH BTA afer P(x) =ax,a x 0 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3 P(x) = ax ax =o let x =O y aloy=e Ans = OConcept Integral root theorem: If f(x) is a polynomial with integral coefficients and the leading coefficient is 1, then any integer root of f(x) is a factor of the constant term. afin ye wera: ate fx) afr Tories are WH aeTE t aie aT UT 1 z, at ffx) aT watg ot quis ye orat We a Ue US 21 31. Find the integral root of polynomial gre ar yore yet ara afore x? - 6x? + 11x -6 (a) 1,2,4 (b) 2,34 (c) 1,2,3 (d) 3,4,5 2x? 6x2 41 6 Aix? 6% + he factors 1,2,3, 6 fins. 2 option (c) Factorization/ {Has Factor theorem: If(x-a) is factor of f(x) then f(a) = 0 Examle: Is (x-4) factor of x?- 2x +1? Step 1: Put factor = Oi.e x-1=Othenx=1 Step 2: Put value of x in function i.e, put x = 1in x? - 2x +1 Step 3: If result of polynomial after putting value of x gives result as O then it is the factor of polynomial i.e F()=1?-2x1+1=0 Hence (x - 1) factor of x? - 2x +1 32. The factor of (x? - 8x - 20) are. Oe - 8x - 20) Toa #1 (a) (x +10) (x- 2) (b) (x- 10) (x+2) (ec) (x-5) (x +4) (d) (x +5) (x-4)Fej= x fx -20 By opsons. let. x40 =0 x= -lo fe1ey= [oo +80-20 40 Nowe te nyse x4+2=0 m=1d as 72 £ (io) 100- ko-20 fE2)= Usie-a0 =o =o fins = option (b) 33, The factor of (x? - xy- 72y’) are. (2 = xy - 72y?)ar WS z1 (a) (x - 8y) (x + 9y) (b) (x + 8y) (x - Sy) (c)_ (x- y) (x + 72y) (d) (x - 6y) (x + 12y) Faye aay ~Tay® option (by xH8y =O i 8y FESy)= Coy? 48g? 29% oO < Bey wo m= 4y 4 (4y) = Bly - 4yP-T2y*=0 Ans = option (2)34, 35. 36. The factor of (x? - 11xy - 60y?) are. (x2 - L1xy - 60y2)et ores #1 (a) (x + 15y) (x- 4y)(b) (x- 15y) (x+4y) (c) (15x+y)(4x-y) (d) N.O.T Ans. (b) (x - 15y) (x + 4y) The factor of (x? - 1- 2a - a) are. (x2 -1- 2a- a?) @r qs z (a) (x-a+1)(x-a-1) (b) (x+a-4)(x-a+4) () (x+a+4) (x-a-1) (¢) NOT x*-1-2a- a” a [we (it 2040") | > [ #- (a 41)* J tdentity (a*- 2) 4 (%-0 -") (xt atl) Pins = ophen () What is the factor of fat quads #1 7? - 6-9 41 {a) (x1) but not (x+1) (b) (x+1) but not (x-2) (c) both (x-1) and (x+1) (d) neither (x-1) nor (x+1)Fee alton 4) Let F0)= let -ttieo FES mdr sity +o fons. = option te} 37. — Let f(x) = x* - 6x? + 11x - 6 then which one of the following is not a factor of f(x) art cif f(x) =22 - 6x? + 11x-6 at Prafefad FS aia at (x) at Was TF? (a) x-1 (b) x-2 (c) x43 (d) x-3 FO) = bx pine Byatt x= -F Ae RF bog 4/6 2-8 -3¢ “hb to done (ata) ts neh fate at f= xP bP hI 38. — Value of k for which (x — 1) is a factor of (x*— k) is. k mr art freee fer (x-1), (x?-k) ar UH TOS (a) -1 (b) 2 (c) 8 (d) -8Quadratic Equation: A quadratic equation is a second degree equation in x written as ax? + bx +c = 0 where a, b and c are real numbers anda z 0 fears wetarcor: feera eeitearoy x A geet fect ar weitenror & HA ax? + bx c=0 SETA ferat stat @ Wei a,b sit c arafirs wont ¥ ait a. 0 In other words, an equation containing at least one term that is squared/ Wt ved 8, ue atten fred ae 8 an uw ve ar ai et ie ax?+bx+c=0 Example: x?+ 2x+4=0 Note : A quadratic equation cannot have more than two roots. faut waiter ad aot dt St aif at ct uma B1 Bgadvalte, Polynomial HE x74 ace te = stat Paxfh Polynomial Br Heiyhesd degree] power 24 ay Quadratte polynomial thar ¥ | i 1. A quadratic equation is one variable in an equation of the form ax? + bx +¢ = 0 which i| could not have a value of 0 ?\ua fara aitearor wan at & Vit ax? + bx+c =0 SBT aT I Wa witaror @ farwar ar o adi et sare 8? (a) a (b) b {c) ¢ (a) a&b | | I ax*+ bx +¢=0 | S Tf, isa quadrabe equation then tm any case ‘a’ can not be ‘Oo 2. Which of the following are quadratic equation\Fretfafira #% & ayer ftara weterot 7 | (a) +222 (b) xt 42VR () e+ 4-2 (a) 2x°- 7x =0 + To form polynomial equation the degree mud he ‘fositrre Integer” + Te form a quadrahe equation —» there must be oa Wigheat degree of '2' other wise it ts nota quadrahe equaten Pus. —> (d) 2x?-Fx=03. Which of the following are quadratic equation freaferfrs HX ater feara eit ze ? (a) 74+ 7%-5=0 (b) 8x-11y=3 (c) (x41) (x-5)=0 (d) O° -x4+1=0 option ©) — (x4) )(x- S)= 0 forma Buadrahe equahdn |) thet will resule to So, fws=(ati)(x-5)=0 4. Determine which one the quadratic equation\Frentfta at far ett at fgara weitere & | (a) Jax2=x+3 — (b) (2x#1)(3x42)=0 (c) xed x (a) (x+2) = 9-4 | option (b) — (2x 41) (3x42)F © = 6x 44x 4+ Be? = 0 > 6x*> 4722" 0 (sabefy our condcbhon) Ams. (2x +1) (Qx+2) =0 Ss. Which of the following is NOT a quadratic equation ? Profefian 8 a ats er fara wetarcor et 2? (a) 2x2 = /3 (b) 2x+5=3 (c) 4(x?7-5) = 7x (a) Beals option (b) 2x +5=3 fs not a quadrate eqp”: Amc. 3 Ix 4573 | |__| Factorization Method: Factorization of quadratic equation is the part of the finding the | roots of a quadratic equation. Factoring quadratic equation means converting the given i quadratic expression into the product of two linear factors. | qprass fafa: fgara adiesror ar qurreisa, fear adtecor ye A aA aT ATT 21 fgara eeitecot ar qorrest wet ar art & feu ae fgard ahve at ot tae quasi & qorma ® uftafda we — 18Factorization of Quadratic Equation by Spiliting the Middle term wen ag a feof aed figura anterro amr Torres Step |: Consider the qudratic equation ‘fgera writerror or ferare at ax? + bx +c=0 ‘Step Il: Now, find two numbers such that their product is equal to ac and sum equals to b. ara, tet at demi Ghat fran qortect ac GF aar a ait a b S arrar Br (number 1) (number 2) = ac (number 1) + (number 2) = b Step Ill: Now, split the middle term using these two numbers. wa, 3 dt densi er sadn ara wea we at faniaa wt ax? + (number 1)x + (number 2)x + ¢=0 Step IV: Take the common factor out and simplify ama qua Prana ait ara at 6. 0 then m equal to =O? tm & ana t? (b) -3&3 ()2&-3 (4) -3&-7 3&3 7. ifm? 8m + 16= 0 then m equal to cafe m?—8m+16= 0 ¢ atm # amar ® 7? (a) aaa (bo) -3&3 () 48-4 (4) -3&-7 factor Prtmr sum <8 EF sie product 16 Se MP Um Um + 16-0 m (m-4) - 4Cm-u) = 0 (m4) (m4) = 0 Ams 4,4 vies ve (ord 2? WM Bm +i6=0 2 a Bt no. Grrr Produd = 16 | Sum= -& + Then we will middle term BF factor > -4, b MIT sign factor ar Eh Seer then, x 44 ay Beer Sign x Sr eh) Ars 4,4If x? — 13x + 42 = 0 then x equal to \afe x?- 13x +42=0 @ @ x Bw wat zt (a) 6&7 (b) -3&7 (c) 3&—-14 (d) -6&-7 (x42 = Yd \ix*- 13% 442-0 LT Lat Ot a, rray Product = 42 Sum = ~|@ Factor of middle term — (-6, -7) If factr — (x- 6) Cx- +) then, ‘y'’— 6, JF Fms If x? + 6x + 5 = O then x equal to \afe x2+6x+5=O02 x BH areas ? (a) 5&1 (b) -1&5 (c) 3&-5 (d) -5&-1\ (x S=5 es ioe + SG SO factors of +eran OO™ 1) factor > (x + s\(x4 » Rocts —5, =] Ans = ~B =|