BASIC COMPUTER

THEORY
BOOK
 Basic Computer

B - Beginner’s (शुरु करने वाला)

A - All Purpose (सभी उद्देश्य के प्रयोग के
लिए)
S - Symbolic (चिन्ह,सकेतिक)
I - Instructional (जानकारी
C - Code ((चिन्ह)

Computer Full Form

C - Common साधारण
O - Operating काम करनेवाला
M - Machine यंत्र
P - Particularly ख़ास तौर से
U - Use for इस्तेमाल किया जाता है

T - Trade/ Technical व्यापार

E - Education शिक्षा
R - Research खोज
DEFINITION OF COMPUTER
Computer is an electronic device which is designed to
work with information given by us. It is derived from
word Computare which means to Calculate
Programmable machine.

FEATURE/ CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

Speed (गति)

Accuracy (शुद्धता) Exact word

Diligence (लगन) Never get tried

Versatile (अनेक गुणों का) so much work in one time

Strong capability (भंडार क्षमता)

Power of remembering (याद रखने की शक्ति)

Computer has no feeling and no IQ (Intelligence
Quotient)

CHARLES BABBAGE (1791-1871)

He was born in London Dec 26 1791, that day also
known as the name of St Stephen’s day. He designed
on 1837, it’s also known as Analytical Engine .
Charles Babbage also known as the father of computer
Mechanical Engine (जो हाथों से चलता है)
Computer word comes form computare it means to calculate. it
comes form a old Latin word.

Part of a Computer
MOUSE:  It is used for making selections. There
are
Two buttons on a mouse right and left right button
use for their properties and left button use for
making selections. It is also having a wheel in the
centre that help us to scroll up and down
M - Manually हाथ से
O - Operated काम करनेवाला
U - Use for इस्तेमाल किया जाता है
S - Selecting चुना
E - Equipment’s उपकरण
KEYBOARD: It is used for entering data,
generating commands. The keyboard layout is similar
to a typewriter with addition keys for other function.
It has up to 104 to 110 keys on it.
Types of keys
* Alphabetical Keys (A To Z)

* Numerical Keys (0-9)

* Arrow Keys

* Function keys

* Cursor Keys- Page up/down

* Modifier Keys (shift, ctrl, alt)

K - Keys
E - Electronic
Y - Yet
B - Board
O - Operating
A - A to Z
R - Response
D - Directly

MONITOR: It display information to the user. It is

the visual component of the computer. this is also
like a television.
SPEAKER: It is the audio component of the
computer.
CPU: (Central Processing Unit) it is a primary
component of a computer that process instructions. It
runs the operating system and application, constantly
receiving input from the user or active software
programs. It process the data and process output,
which
May stored by an application or displayed on the
screen.

RAM: [Random access memory] It has temporary

memory is volatile in nature.

ROM: [Read only memory] Non-volatile modification

EPROM [Erasable program read only memory] type of
memory chip that retain its data when power supply is
gets off.
MOTHER: It controls the functions of all
components.

PROCESSOR: It act as an engine in the computer

speed of computer depends on the speed of
processor.

ALU: (Arithmetic logic unit) its work for calculating

the sum, multiplication, division, etc. arithmetic &
logical operating.

CU: (control Unit) It works as the nerves system of

computer. It coordinates & manage the entire
computer system. It is connect in CPU.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROM & RAM

RAM ROM
 It can be easily altered or  It cannot be easily altered
reprogramed or preprogramed
 It’s data is lost when power
 It data remain in computer
when power gets off
gets off
 It is non-volatile in nature
 It is volatile in nature  EPROM[ Erasable
 It allows reading and writing programmable read only
memory

PRINTER: To develop hard copy or paper copy of a

data or document 1-Picture.
Two types of printer
Impact printer: They make contact with paper.
The print image by pressing an inked ribbon against
the paper using pins. They usually print in black &
white.
Types of impact printer
 Dots Matrix :- 9 to 24 pins [100-200 words per sec]
 Daisy wheel :- 25 to 55 pins [character per sec]

 Line printers :- 1200 to 6000 lines per min

 Drum Printer :- 300 to 200 lines per min

 Chain printer: - 400 to 2500 character per min.

Non-impact printer: They are faster & quite than

impact printers.

Types of impact printers

Ink Yet: - Approx. 250 characters per min.

Laser printer: - Approx. 21,000 lines per min.

They do not use any striking device.

CD: - [Compact disk] It is used to store data.

Pen Drive: - It is also used for store a data. Also

Known as

Flash driver. It is portable.

UPS: - [Uninterruptible power supply] it’s provide

emergency power, when power supply gets off.

Components of Computer

Hardware:- Physical structure ex:- Keyboard,

Monitor, CPU, Mouse.

Software: - Set of Instruction ex; - Web, Browers,

Ms office, game.

Device of Computer

INPUT DEVICE: Use to give data or instruction or

instruction to computer keyboard, Mouse, scanner
etc.

PROCESSING DEVICE: C.P.U is a processing device,

comparisons, calculations, decision making.
OUTPUT DEVICE: use to obtain information &
results from computer monitor, speakers, printers
etc.

STORAGE DEVICE: help to store data or information

Ex: - Ram, Rom, Pen drive, CD.
APPLICATION OF COMPUTER

 Education
 Hospital
 Trade
 Sports
 Home
 Science & Technology
 Government

MICRO COMPUTER: they are also known as PC

computer designed for individual contains a
microprocessor.
A microcomputer contains a microprocessor [a
central processing unit in a microchip]

MINI COMPUTER: they are multi-user computer

[watch]
PDP- Programmed data process-8
Vax- virtual address extension.
MAIN FRAME COMPUTER: they are huge
computer with extremely large memory & very fast
computing Speed. [Organisation, highly complex,
application]

CDC: Control data coporation-6600

SUPER COMPUTER:they are very powerful

computer’s. they are fast & Expensive.

For Ex :- ( weather for caste and climate conditions]

Ex: - CDC CYBER, PARAM.

* CRT -Cathode ray tub

* LCD - Liquid Crystal display
* LED - Light emitting Diode
* TFT - thin film transistor

Generation of Computer
First generation of computer: (1940-1956)
Vacuum tubes

 Generate heat & sucked electricity

 1100 millisecond of the thousands of causing on
going breakdown by vacuum tube.

Second generation of computer: (1956-1963)

Replacement transistor
  They are smaller, cheaper & less heavy on
electricity.
 Computation time: 1/1000000/ millions of second /
or micro sec.
Third generation of computer: (1964-1971)
Replacement IC [Integrated circuits]
 Smaller as compared to their pro.
 Cheaper generate, less heat & power.
 Computation time: - 1/1000, 000,000 billion of
sec.

Fourth generation of computer: (1972-2010)

microprocessor several new OS (operating system)
like MS. Dos (Microsoft disk operating system), and
Ms Window develop.
They become widely available for commercial
purpose
Compilation time: - trillionth of a second (picosecond)

Fifth generation of computer: (2010- Present)

SLSI-[super, large scale, integrated chip] artificial
interttigence cheapest of fastest computer.
 PAINT
Short cut keys

Ctrl +Z - Undo [to ease]

Ctrl +Y - Redo

Ctrl + S - Save

Ctrl + O - Open

Ctrl + N - New

To Increase Eraser - Ctrl +

To decrease eraser - Ctrl –

Shift + (A to Z) alphabet to make it capital letter or

Turn ON caps lock

To increase font: - Shift + Ctrl+>

To decrease font: - Shift+ Crtl+ <

Shift + Numerals: - TO (1-10) Insert Symbols

HOME TAB

Select: - To select some position of the picture or

the whole picture.
Crop: - To crop the picture

Resize: - to Change the size of picture

Pencil: - To draw or write free style

Eraser: - To erase

Rotate: - To rotate the picture 900, 1800, vertical or

horizontal

Fill with colour: - To fill the colour in picture

Pick colour: - To pick the colour form other picture

and use it to the current picture.

Text A : - To add a text

Magnifier: - to zoom the picture

Brush: - To Spray colours with different styles.

Shapes: - to add any shape

Pick colour tool: - To pick the colour from other

picture and use it to the current picture.

Out line: - To change the colour of outline

Fill: - To fill the Colour in shape

Size: - to Increase /decrease the size of shapes

Colour 1:- To colour of Picture

Colour 2:- To colour of Background

Edit colour: - To edit colour to according to need.

VIEW TAB

Zoom in : - To zoom

picture

Zoom out : - To zoom out picture

100%:- To take picture at 100% screen mode

Ruler: - To show/hide rulers.

Gridlines: - to Show/hide gridlines

Status bar: - To show/hide status bar

Full screen: - To Show the picture in full screen

mode

TYPING

Little Finger
Ring Finger
Middle Finger
Index Finger
Thumb

Left Hand Fingers: - Little finger (Q, A, Z, 1, Shift,

Ctrl, Alt tab Cap lock)
Ring finger (2, W, S, X)
Middle Finger (3, E, D, C)
Index finger (4, 5, R, F, V, T, G, B)
Right Hand Fingers: - Index finger (6, 4, H, N, 7, U,
J, M)

Middle finger (8, I, K, <, (,)

Ring finger (9, 0, L,>.)

Little finger (O, P, : , ? /, Shift, enter, Backspace,

Ctrl,|)

MS OFFICE
MS WORD 2013

Short cut keys

Ctrl + X - Cut
Ctrl + C - Copy
Ctrl + V - Paste
Ctrl + P - Print
=Rand () Enter
Ctrl + B - Bold

Cut: - To cut the selected position of the text

 Paste: - To paste the text which is (cut or copied)

Copy: - To copy the selected position of the text

Font box: - To change the font of the text.

Font size: - To change the size of the text.

Bold: - To bold the text

Italic: - Ctrl+ I to make your text italic.

Underline: - Ctrl + U to underline the text.

A : - To increase the selected text by 1 inch

A : - To decrease the selected text by 1 inch.

Aa =Case

Sentence case: - My name is alisha

Lower case :- my name is alisha

Upper case: - MY NAME IS ALISHA

Capitalize each word: - My Name Is Alisha

Toggle Case: - mY nAME iS aLISHA

HOME TAB

Clear formatting: - It clear all the format the text.

Text Effect: - To style your text.

Background colour: - To colour the Background

Text colour: - TO change the colours of your text

Paragraph :- i) List
o Bullet List
o Unordered List
ii) Ordered List / Numbering List
Ex: - 1. Name
2.
3.
iii) Multilevel list [It create list under list]
Ex: - Clothing
 {A) Men
Shirt
(b) Woman
Saree
Alignment:-
1)Align left
Short cut key CTRL + L
2)Align right
Short cut key Ctrl + R
3)Align centre
Short cut key Ctrl + E
4)Justify Ctrl + J

Line and paragraph spacing: - to increase or

apace decrease space b/w line.

Indentation: - Decrease indent or increase indent

Farther away from the margin
Close to the margin

Shading: - to change the colour of behind the

content
Sort: - [A to Z] [Z to A]
Alisha Shilpi
Khushboo Khushboo
Shilpi Alisha
Boarder: - to add or remove boarder from your
content.

Show/Hide: - to show paragraph mask or other

hidden formatting symbols.

Styles: - To Style your text

Editing: - Find (short cut key) Ctrl + F to find your
text in the whole document.
Replace :- (shortcut key) Ctrl + H to replace
content found in the document
Select :- (shortcut key) Ctrl + A to Select all
your text or document.
INSERT TAB

Cover page: - to add the cover in your page.

Blank page: - to insert a blank page
Page break: - to end the current page and start the
new page.
Table: - to insert table in your document you can
also insert with quick table you can also
design your table using table tools.
Picture: - to insert picture in your document you can
also add variation using picture tools.
Online Picture: - to insert online picture to your
document.
Shapes: - to add shapes in your document. You can
also add variation by using drawing tools)
Chart: - you can add chart to make your pattern spot
easier.
Screen short: - you can screenshot any content you
like and add it to your document links.
Hyperlinks: - Create, link for link your document
with access to your web pages and files.
Bookmark :- It works with hyperlinks to let your
jump to specific place.
Cross Reference: - Refer to specific places in your
document.
Comment: - to add a comment in a particular part of
the document.
Header & footer.
Header & footer: - to add header to your document
header content is repeat at the top of every
page.
Footer: - to add footer to your document footer
repeat at the bottom of every page.
Page Number: - add the page number.
Text:-
Text book: - to add text box in your document.
Quick part: - to add preformatted text.