Class 10 Social Science – Geography Chapter 1: Resources and Development
Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
All questions are compulsory.
Answer the questions in the space provided.
Marks are indicated against each question.
Use maps and diagrams wherever necessary.
🔹 Section A – Multiple Choice Questions (1 × 20 = 20 marks)
1. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
2. Resources which are surveyed but cannot be used due to lack of technology are called:
a) Reserves
b) Stock
c) Potential resources
d) Developed resources
3. The most widely spread and important soil in India is:
a) Red soil
b) Alluvial soil
c) Black soil
d) Laterite soil
4. The land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is called:
a) Culturable waste land
b) Current fallow land
c) Fallow land
d) Barren land
5. Which of the following is an example of biotic resource?
a) Iron
b) Coal
c) Fish
d) Air
6. Black soil is ideal for growing:
a) Wheat
b) Pulses
c) Cotton
d) Rice
7. The process of resource planning involves:
a) Mapping of resources
b) Matching resources with development plans
c) Making a plan
d) All of the above
8. Which of the following soils is rich in iron but deficient in humus?
a) Alluvial soil
b) Black soil
c) Red soil
d) Laterite soil
9. What is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
a) Overgrazing
b) Deforestation
c) Over-irrigation
d) Industrial waste
10. Which type of soil is found in the coastal areas of Western Ghats?
a) Black
b) Laterite
c) Arid
d) Red
11. Which of the following is NOT a method of soil conservation?
a) Afforestation
b) Overgrazing
c) Terrace farming
d) Contour ploughing
12. Who said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed”?
a) Jawaharlal Nehru
b) Mahatma Gandhi
c) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
d) Indira Gandhi
13. Which of the following is NOT a factor for soil formation?
a) Time
b) Parent rock
c) Climate
d) Fertilizer
14. Soil erosion caused by wind is most common in:
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Rajasthan
c) Assam
d) Bihar
15. What is the colour of black soil?
a) Yellow
b) Red
c) Black
d) Grey
16. Which type of resource is the oceanic water beyond 12 nautical miles?
a) National
b) International
c) Individual
d) Community
17. Arid soil lacks:
a) Moisture
b) Iron
c) Sand
d) Salts
18. Which one of the following statements about alluvial soil is incorrect?
a) It is deposited by rivers
b) It is rich in potash and lime
c) It is suitable for rice and wheat
d) It is black in colour
19. The use of resources without compromising future needs is called:
a) Resource depletion
b) Sustainable development
c) Resource misuse
d) Resource planning
20. The land under permanent pastures is very low in India because:
a) Less rainfall
b) Overgrazing
c) High demand for agriculture
d) Urbanization
🔹 Section B – Very Short Answer Questions (2 × 6 = 12 marks)
21. Define the term "Resource".
22. What is meant by sustainable development?
23. Mention any two features of black soil.
24. State any two human activities that lead to land degradation.
25. Why is resource planning essential in India? Give two reasons.
26. List any two factors that influence land use in a region.
🔹 Section C – Short Answer Questions (3 × 6 = 18 marks)
27. Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership with examples.
28. Write any three features of alluvial soil.
29. Describe any three causes of land degradation in India.
30. What are the main features of red and laterite soils?
31. State three institutional efforts taken in India for resource conservation.
32. Explain the three stages involved in resource planning.
🔹 Section D – Long Answer Questions (5 × 3 = 15 marks)
33. Discuss the land use pattern in India. Why has land under forest not increased much since 1960–61?
34. “Indiscriminate use of resources has led to many problems.” Explain with examples.
35. What is soil erosion? Explain any four methods to conserve soil in India.
🔹 Section E – Case-Based Questions (4 × 3 = 12 marks)
Case 1:
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
"India has varied relief features, climate, and vegetation. As a result, different types of soils are found in
India. Alluvial soil is one of the most fertile soils found mainly in northern plains and deltas. It is ideal
for growing crops like paddy, wheat, and sugarcane."
a) Where is alluvial soil mainly found in India?
b) Name two crops suitable for alluvial soil.
c) What makes alluvial soil fertile?
Case 2:
"Mahatma Gandhi always voiced concern about resource conservation. He said, ‘There is enough for
everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.’ This statement reflects the principle of sustainable
development."
a) What does the quote by Mahatma Gandhi emphasize?
b) How does sustainable development differ from resource exploitation?
c) Give one example of how we can practise sustainable development at the individual level.
Case 3:
"Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. It is low in humus but rich in
iron and is used for growing crops like tea and coffee. It is mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil
Nadu."
a) In which conditions is laterite soil formed?
b) Menti
on two crops grown in laterite soil.
c) Name any two states where laterite soil is found.
