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Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium Presentation on Bacteriology, Pal Makuong Teny liek Fourth year Medical student Upper Nile university

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13 views7 pages

Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium Presentation on Bacteriology, Pal Makuong Teny liek Fourth year Medical student Upper Nile university

Uploaded by

palmakuongteny7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

.

INTRODUCTION.

CORYNEBACTERIUM

 coryne means club-shaped


 Gram positive rods
 facultative anaerobe
 Other name; klebs-Loffler bacillus
 Pleomorphic
 Catalase
 Carbohydrate fermenter- lactic acid
 Short chain mycolic acid - not acid fast
 Non- filamentous
 Non- spore forming
 Toxin producing - Diphtheria toxia
 Causes Diphtheria

CLASSIFICATION OF CORYNEBACTERIUM
 C.diphtheriae causes Diphtheria
 C.jeikeium causes infections in immunocompromised patients those with leukemia or surgical
implants.
 C.urealyticum associated with urinary tract infections usually with patients with urinary
catheter or structural abnormalities.
 C. Striatum causes hospital- acquired infections like pneumonia and bacteremia.

MORPHOLOGY

Shape

 Cub ( wider at 1 end)


 Rod

Arrangement:
 Palisades
 V or L shaped

Appearance

 Beaded
 Beads have granules-- highly polymerized polyphosphate
 Blue cells
 Red metachromatic granules

Size : 2 um in length

Color: Purple or blue

Structure :

 Thick peptidoglycan layer


 Non- capsulated
 Non-Spore forming
 Toxin- Diphtheria toxin

HABITAT

1) Hosts
a) Humans
i) Upper Respiratory tract
ii) Gastrointestinal tract
iii) Genitourinary tract

TRANSMISSION

 Via
i) Respiratory droplets
ii) Pre-existing skin lesions

RISK FACTORS.

 Poor skin hygiene


 Children

PATHOGENESIS.

1. Corynebacterium Diphtheria is usually harmless


2. Unless infected by a bacteriophage
3. Toxigenic type of Pathogenesis
4. Adhesion and infiltration of the bacteria
5. Invasion ( establishment and maintenance)

DISEASES

1) Diphtheria
a) Respiratory
b) Cutaneous

CLINICAL FINDINGS

1) Pseudomembrane Pharyngitis
a) Non specific upper Respiratory symptoms
b) Erythematous Pharyngitis>pseudomembranous Pharyngitis
c) Bleeding occurs on the membrane removal
d) Systemic symptoms
i) Cervical lymphadenopathy
ii) Myocarditis
iii) Acute Tubular Necrosis
iv) Adrenal insufficiency
1) Pseudomembrane
a) Greyish, necrotic membrane firmly adherent to
1. Tonsils
2. Palate
3. Uvula
4. Nasopharynx

1) Pseudomembrane composition
 Necrotic tissue ( dead cells)
 Bacterial cells
 Lymphocytes
 Plasma cells
 Fibrin (adhesion)

2) Cutaneous Diphtheria

 Direct inoculation of bacteria into pre-existing skin injuries


 Non- healing ulcer
 Covered by a grey membrane
 Thick grey membrane
 Fever
 Sore
 Cervical endopathy
 Ulcerating skin lesions

COMPLICATIONS

1. Airway obstruction
2. Myocarditis accompanied by arrhythmias
3. Circulatory collapse
4. Nerve weakness or paralysis
5. Cranial and Peripheral neuritis

LAB DIAGNOSIS.

1) Sample.
 Throat swab

2) Microscopy.

 Gram staining= Purple or Blue


 Methylebe blue = Metachromatic granules
 Shape
 Pleomorphic=Club-shaped, V or L shaped>Diphtheroids

Culture.
 Colonies
1. Black colored
2. Grow on telluride plate ( Loeffler's medium/ blood agar plate
3. Small zone of hemolysis

OTHER TESTS

 Antibody - based gel diffusion precipitin test


 PCR assay - toxin gene
 Elek test - toxin protein
 Schick's test
 Biochemical test

TREATMENT

 Diphtheria Antitoxin
 Maintenance of airway
 Penicillin G
 Erythromycin
 DTaP vaccine

PREVENTION

 Toxoid vaccine ( DTaP)

REFERENCE.

 REVIEW FOR MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

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