PRESENT PERFECT AND PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

El presente perfecto y el presente perfecto continuo son los encargados de conectar el

pasado y el presente. Es por eso, que ellos describen acciones que comenzaron en el
pasado y continúan estando en el presente o acciones las cuales fueron completadas
en el pasado pero cuyos resultados afectan en el presente.
Present Perfect
1. Es usado para describir una acción la cual comenzó en el pasado y continua
estando en el presente, especialmente con los verbos de estado como ´Have,
like, know, be, etc. En este caso, siempre vamos a usar ¨For and Since¨.
Ejemplo: ¨They have been Friends for twenty years. (they met each other twenty
years ago and they are still Friends)
2. También es usado para una acción la cual finalizo recientemente y cuyo
resultado es visible en el presente.
Ejemplo: ¨She has picked a lot of apples¨ (Maybe the apples are in the basket, so
the action has finished).
3. Es usado para una acción la cual pasó en un tiempo no establecido en el
pasado. El tiempo exacto no es importante, asi que no es mencionado. El
énfasis esta puesto en la acción.
Ejemplo: ¨He has broken his arm¨ (The exact time is not mentioned. What is
important is the fact that his ar mis broken)
¨Peter has been to Paris four times. ( The exact time of each of his visits is not
mentioned. What is important is the fact that he has visited Paris four times).
4. Es usado para una acción la cual ha pasado sin un periodo de tiempo
específico, la cual no ha terminado en el momento de hablar, como por
ejemplo, today, this morning/ afternoon/ week/ month/ year, etc.
Ejemplo: ¨She has received three faxes this morning. (The action has been
repeated three times up to now and may happen again because the time period -
this morning – is not over yet)

ESTRUCTURA
Afirmativa:
Pronombre + have/has + verbo en participio + complemento
Negative:
Pronombre + Have/ Has + Not + Verbo en participio + complemento
Interrogativa:
Have/ Has + Pronombre + Verbo en participio + complemento + ?

LAS EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO QUE SE UTILIZAN EN EL PRESENTE

PERFECTO SIMPLE SON:
 Already: Eg= ¨We have already seen this film¨ ¨Have you finished already ?¨
 Yet: Eg = ¨Has Roger left yet? Simon has not finished yet¨
  Just: Eg= ¨I have just phoned Jill¨
 Always: Eg= ¨She has always loved animals¨
 Ever: Eg= ¨Have you ever been abroad¨
 Never: Eg= ¨She has never been to France¨
 So Far: Eg= ¨I have sent twenty invitations so far. What have you done so far?
 Since: Desde
 For: Durante

Ejercicios:
1. He (already/finish) his work.
2. They (never/visit) Europe.
3. (you/ever/try) sushi?
4. She (just/read) that book.
5. (he/ever/do) yoga?
6. Jane (not/see) that movie yet.
7. They (already/visit) the Grand Canyon.
8. (she/ever/swim) in the ocean?
9. (you/ever/sing) karaoke?
10. My parents (not/eat) sushi.
11. (he/ever/visit) Australia?
12. Sarah and Tom (never/try) surfing.
13. How many times (you/move) houses?
14. We (just/buy) a new car.
15. (she/ever/ride) a horse?
16. He (never/take) a cooking class.
17. (you/ever/see) the Northern Lights?
18. They (not/visit) Asia yet.
19. (you/ever/go) camping?
20. My sister (not/try) bungee jumping.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1_ El presente perfecto continuo esusado para poner énfasis en la duración de una

acción la cual comenzó en el pasado y continua estando en el presente,
especialmente con las expresiones de tiempo como, For, Since, all morning/ day/
week, etc.
Ejemplo: ¨Sarah has been picking vegetables for two hours.¨( she started picking
vegetables two hours ago and she is still picking them now)
2_ Es usado para una acción que comenzó y finalizo en el pasado y duró por un
tiempo. El resultado de la acción es visible en el presente.
Ejemplo: ¨The Streets are wet. It has been raining all night¨. ( The result are
visibles)
3_ También se usa para expresar enojo, molestia e irritación.
Ejemplo: ¨Who has been using my car? ¨. (The speaker is irritated.)
ESTRUCTURA
Afirmativa:
Pronombre + has/ have + been + verbo en gerundio (ing) + Complemento
Negativa:
Pronombre + Has/ Have + Not + Been + Verb en gerundio (ing)+ Complemento
Interrogativa:
Has/ Have + Pronombre + been + Verbo en gerundio (ing) + Complemento

EJERCICIOS
1. I have been working (work) here for over three years.
2. They haven¨t been watching (not watch) TV much lately.
3. How long have you been waiting (you/wait) for the bus?
4. She has been studying (study) for her exams since last month.
5. What have they doing (they/do) that has taken so much time?
6. The children have been playing (play) outside all afternoon.
7. We haven¨t been sleeping (not sleep) well for the past few
nights.
8. The artist has been working (work) on a new sculpture recently.
9. Who has been using (use) my computer when I was not here?
10. The scientists have been researching (research) this problem
for several years.
11. Why has you been looking (you/look) so tired?
12. The company has been developing (develop) the new
product since January.
13. It has been raining (rain) a lot this month.
14. The manager has been reviewing (review) the employees'
performance.
15. How long has been you trying (you/try) to contact me?
16. The chef has not preparing (not prepare) the menu for tonight yet.
17. What (the students/discuss) in the study group?
18. The workers (build) the new road since last summer.
19. Who (look after) the garden while we were away?
20. They (think) about moving to a new city for a while now.
Put the verbs in the correct present form.
1. I have answered (answer) five e-mails so far.
2. She has been working (work) since seven o’clock.
3. Sandy and her mum are baking (bake) a cake at the moment.
4. She is well-informed about politics because she reads (read) the newspaper
every day.
5. Ms Smith has been working (work) as a sales representative for three years.
6. In her job, she drives (drive) around a lot to meet her customers all over the
country.
7. At the moment, Ms Smith is standing (stand) in her hotel room.

Past perfect simple

1. We ate cherries from the tree that my grandfather had planted (plant) many
years before.
2. When we arrived, the show had already started (start/already) .
3. We went to a place where I had never been (be/never) before.
4. The teacher wanted to know whether/ If we had read (read) the book.
5. Yesterday I met a friend that I hadn¨t seen (see/not) for ages.
6. (your husband/make/dinner) had your husband made dinner when you got
home?
7. (Lisa/finish/her homework) Had Lisa finished her homework when she went
out with her friends?
8. (you/have/breakfast) Had you had breakfast when you started to work?

Past perfect continuous

1. Lorraine had been learning (learn) English for 12 years before she moved to
England.
2. I did not go out last night because I had been working (work) all day.
3. Orla felt fit for the marathon because she had been training (train) a lot.
4. When I went to see Ms Winter, her secretary told me that she had been
speaking (speak) on the phone for two hours.
5. You got sick because you had been eating (eat) the whole time.
6. The musician had been living (live) in this town for ten years when he became
director of the opera house.
7. We had been going (go) out with each other for two years before I met his
family.
I had been driving (drive) in the wrong direction for an hour before I noticed my
mistake.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS

El presente continuous es parte de los tiempos verbales de inglés, este tiempo se

utiliza en
situaciones que se llevan a cabo en el momento. Algunos de los usos que este tiempo
tiene
son:
1. Para acciones que toman lugar ahora, en el momento de hablar o para acciones
temporales, es decir, acciones que están sucediendo ahora, pero no en el momento
real de hablar.
Ejemplo:
Helen is working hard these days. Right now she´s Reading a newspaper. (she is not
working at the momento of speaking)
2. Para mostrar molestia, enojo e irritación por algo que esta sucediendo muy seguido.
Ejemplo:
You´re always forgetting to pay the bills.
3. Para acciones que ya están planeadas u organizadas de hacer en un futuro
cercano,
especialmente cuando el tiempo y el lugar ya han sido decididos.
Ejemplo:
Melanie is getting married at 3 this afternoon. (the time and the place of the ceremony
have been decided)
4. Para situaciones de cambio o desarrollo.
Ejemplo:
More and more forests are disappearing because of fires.
Este tiempo se usa con las siguientes expresiones de tiempo: now, at the momento,
these
days, at present, tonight, nowadays, still, etc.

ESTRUCTURA

Afirmativa:
Pronombre + verb To Be ( IS- ARE- AM) + verbo en gerundio (ing) + complemento
I: AM
SHE, HE, IT: IS
YOU, WE, THEY: ARE

Negativa:
Pronombre + verb To Be + Not (ISN´T- AREN´T) + verbo en gerundio (ing) +
complemento

Interrogativa:
Verbo To Be + Pronombre + Verbo en gerundio (ing) + complemento

1. She- is reading (read) a book right now.

2. They aren*t listening (not/listen) to music at the moment.
3. It is raining (rain) outside right now.
4. We are planning (plan) our vacation to the mountains.
5. He isn*t playing (not/play) video games at the moment.
6. My parents are visiting (visit) us next month.
7. Maria is cooking (cook) dinner tonight.
8. The cat is sleeping (sleep) on the bed right now.
9. I¨m not working (not/work) today.
10. They are not swimining (not/swim) in the pool right now.
11. She is studying (study) for her exam at the moment.
12. We are waiting (wait) for the bus right now.
13. The children are playing (play) in the garden this afternoon.
14. He is learning (learn) Spanish this semester.
15. My sister is not dancing (not/dance) at the party tonight.
16. They are not eating (not/eat) dinner yet.
17. It isn´t snowing (not/snow) in this area often.
18. We are not going (not/go) to the cinema tonight.
19. The teacher is teaching (teach) a new lesson right now.
20. Tom and Sarah are preparing (prepare) for their trip to Europe.