LECTURE
5

SECTIONAL
VIEWS


SECTIONAL
VIEWS

INTRODUCTION

Orthographic
views
showing
all
hidden
lines
may
not
be
clear


enough
to
describe
an
objectʼs
internal
details.













This
shortcoming
can
be
overcome
by
imagining
that
part
of



the
object
has
been
cut
away
and
shown
in
a
cross-sectional


view.
This
view
is
called
a
section
view.





Definition:



A
multiview
technical
drawing
that
reveals
details
about
internal
features
by
displaying
the
part
as
if
cut
by
an
imaginary
cutting
plane



OBJECTIVE
OF
SECTIONAL
VIEWS


To
make
the
drawing
more
understandable,
especially
the
internal
details
of
the
part.


PRINCIPLES:



Since
the
sectioned
drawing
shows
internal
features
there
is
generally
no
need
to
show
hidden
lines.


Helpful
for
both,
detailed
and
assembly
drawings.

 A
section
views
are
used
on
a
drawing
to
show
an
area
or
hidden
part
of
an
object
by
cutting
away
or
removing
some
of
that
object.

 The
cut
line
is
called
a
“cutting
plane”,
and
can
be
done
in
several
ways.



TYPES
OF
SECTIONAL
VIEWS

 Full
section
view

 Half
section
view

 Offset
section
view
(multiple
offset
views)

 Broken
section
view

 Aligned
and
Revolved
section
views

 Removed
view

 CUTTING
PLANE.

A
cutting-plane
line
indicates
where
the
imaginary
cutting
takes
place.

The
ends
of
the
cutting-plane
line
are
bent
at
90
degrees
and
terminated
by
arrowheads
to
indicate
the
direction
of
sight
for
viewing
the
section.

SECTION
LINES

 Section
lining
indicates
the
surface
that
has
been
cut
and
makes
it
stand
out
clearly.
Section
lines
usually
consist
of
thin
parallel
lines,
drawn
at
an
angle
of
approximately
45
degrees
to
the
principal
edges
or
axis
of
the
part.



FULL
SECTION

This
type
of
section
is
used
for
both
detail
and
assembly
drawings.
When
the
cutting
plane
divides
the
object
into
two
identical
parts
,
it
is
not
necessary
to
indicate
its
location.
However
,
the
cutting
plane
may
be
identified
and
indicated
in
the
usual
manner
to
increase
clarity.

 FULL
SECTION
CONT…..

(a) Pictorial
view
(b)
Cut
by
full-sectional
plane


(c)
Full-
sectional
front
and
top
views


FULL
SECTION

 HALF
SECTION.

 A
Half
section
is
generally
used
in
symmetrical
objects
where
the
cutting
plane
cuts
away
only
one
quarter
of
the
object.

(a) Pictorial
view
(b)
Cut
by
full-sectional
plane


 SECTION VIEW ‒ OFFSET
SECTION
Offset
cutting
plane

In
order
to
include
features
that
are
not
in
a
straight
line,
the
cutting-plane
line
may
be
offset
or
bent,
so
as
to
include
sev er a l
pla nes
or
cur v ed
surfaces,
An
offset
section
is
similar
to
a
full
section
in
that
the
cutting
plane
extend s
through
the
object
from
one
side
to
the
other.
The
change
in
direction
of
the
cutting-
plane
line
is
not
shown
on
the
sectional
view.





 BROKEN
SECTION

When
certain
internal
and
external
features
of
an
object
can
be
shown
without
drawing
another
view,
broken-out
and
partial
sections
are
used.
A
cutting-plane
line
or
a
break
line
is
used
to
indicate
where
the
section
is
taken.
The
break
line
is
normally
a
jagged
line,
which
better
indicates
the
break.
Broken-out
sections
save
drawing
time
and
drawing
space.


 ROMOVED
SECTION

The removed section is used to def ine the changing contour of a shaft
with a variable features along the length, prof ile of a turbine blade
etc.
They are also used to def ine the cross section of ribs, webs, bars, arms
, sprokes or other similar features of the object.
ALIGNED
SECTIONS

 To
include
in
a
section
certain
angled
features,
the
cutting
plane
may
be
bent
to
pass
through
those
features.
The
plane
and
features
are
then
imagined
to
revolved
into
the
original
plane.


 For
example,
in
figure
below
the
cutting
plane
bends
to
pass
through
the
angled
arm
and
then
is
aligned
to
a
vertical
position,
where
it
is
projected
to
the
sectional
view.


Ri:
an%
W
RIB
&WEB:
SECTIONs

To
avoid
a
false
impression
of
No
section
lines
in
cut
area
of

thickness
and web

solidity,
ribs
and
webs
are
not
sectioned.

To
avoid
a
fa
Cutting
plane
passes
through
the
web

NON
-
SECTIONED
PARTS

 It
is
common
practice
to
show
standard
parts
ʻin
the
roundʼ
or
un-sectioned.

 Eg.
Nuts
,Screws,
Bolts,
Shafts
,Rivets
etc.

THIN
SECTIONS

 for
extremely,
thin
parts
of
less
than
4
mm
thickness,
the
parts
should
be
shown
in
solid
black
or
without
section
lines.

 E.g.
Sheet
metals,
Gasket,
Washers
etc.

 RULE
OF
SECTIONING

 All
visible
edges
and
contours
behind
the
cutting
plane
should
be
shown.

 Hidden
lines
should
be
omitted
in
section
views.

 A
section
view
should
always
be
bounded
by
a
visible
outline.

 There
should
be
no
lines
in
the
hatched
area.


 Section
lines
should
be
in
the
same
direction.

 Use
standard
section
lines
(hatch)
to
show
materials.



 Example 1
Pictorial
view
of
an
object
is
shown
below,
using
first
angle
projection.
Draw
its

(a)
Sectional
A-A
front
view

(b)
Section
B-B
top
view
and


(c)
Side
view















END

Questions,

Comments,

Suggestions

BY
ROBERT
MANOTA