Class 10 Mathematics Formulas (Chapter-wise)
1. Real Numbers
- Euclid’s Division Lemma: a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b
- HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
2. Polynomials
Quadratic polynomial: ax²+bx+c
- Sum of zeroes = -b/a
- Product of zeroes = c/a
Cubic polynomial: ax³+bx²+cx+d
- Sum of zeroes = -b/a
- Sum of product of zeroes two at a time = c/a
- Product of zeroes = -d/a
3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- General form: ax+by+c=0
- Conditions: Unique, Infinite, No solution (by ratios)
4. Quadratic Equations
- Roots: x = (-b ± √(b²-4ac)) / 2a
- Discriminant: D = b² - 4ac
5. Arithmetic Progression (AP)
- nth term: a■ = a+(n-1)d
- Sum: S■ = n/2 [2a+(n-1)d] or n/2(a+l)
6. Triangles
- BPT Theorem, Pythagoras Theorem
- Area ratio: (side1/side2)²
7. Coordinate Geometry
- Distance: √((x■-x■)²+(y■-y■)²)
- Midpoint: ((x■+x■)/2 , (y■+y■)/2)
- Section formula: (mx■+nx■)/(m+n) , (my■+ny■)/(m+n)
8. Trigonometry
- sinθ = P/H, cosθ = B/H, tanθ = P/B
- Identities: sin²θ+cos²θ=1, 1+tan²θ=sec²θ, 1+cot²θ=csc²θ
9. Applications of Trigonometry
- Height & Distance problems
10. Circles
- Tangent ■ radius
- Length of tangents from external point equal
11. Areas Related to Circles
- Area = πr²
- Circumference = 2πr
- Sector area = (θ/360)×πr²
- Arc length = (θ/360)×2πr
12. Surface Areas and Volumes
Cube: LSA=4a², TSA=6a², V=a³
Cuboid: LSA=2h(l+b), TSA=2(lb+bh+hl), V=lbh
Sphere: SA=4πr², V=4/3πr³
Hemisphere: CSA=2πr², TSA=3πr², V=2/3πr³
Cylinder: CSA=2πrh, TSA=2πr(h+r), V=πr²h
Cone: CSA=πrl, TSA=πr(l+r), V=1/3πr²h
Frustum: CSA=πl(r■+r■), V=1/3πh(r■²+r■²+r■r■)
13. Statistics
- Mean = Σf■x■ / Σf■
- Median = L + ((n/2 - cf)/f)h
- Mode = L + ((f■-f■)/(2f■-f■-f■))h
14. Probability
- P(E) = Favourable outcomes / Total outcomes
