Class 10 Maths Triangles Mind Map

Similar Figures
Two figures having the same shape but not necessarily the same size are called similar figures
Two figures having the same shape as well as same size are called congruent figures
Note that all congruent figures are similar but the similar figures need not be congruent.
Similarity of Polygons
Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion)
Similarity of Triangles
Two triangles are similar if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal and
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion)
Note : If the corresponding angles of two triangles are equal, then they are known as equiangular triangles.
The ratio of any two corresponding sides in two equiangular triangles is always the same.
Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT) and its Converse
Basic Proportionality Theorem
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other
two sides in distinct points, then other two sides are divided in the same
ratio. Thus in ∆ABC, if DE || BC, then

Converse of BPT
If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to
the third side,
Criteria For Similarity of Triangles
(i) AAA Similarity Criterion : If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal then their corresponding
sides are in the same ratio and hence the two triangles are similar.
(ii) AA Similarity Criterion : If in two triangles, two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to the two
angles of the other triangle, then the two triangles are similar.
(iii) SSS Similarity Criterion : If in two triangles, corresponding sides are in the same ratio then their
corresponding angles are equal and hence the triangles are similar.
(iv) SAS Similarity Criterion : If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the
sides including these angles are in the same ratio (proportion), then the two triangles are similar.
Areas of Similar Triangles
The ratio of the area of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares for their corresponding sides
thus if ∆ABC – ∆PQR, then

Pythagoras Theorem and its Converse

(i) If perpendicular is drawn
from the vertex of the right
angle of a right triangle to
the hypotenuse then the
triangles on both sides of
the perpendicular are
similar to the whole triangle
and also to each other.
(ii) Pythagoras Theorem: In a right triangle, the
square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Thus in right ∆ABC right
angled at B,AC2 = AB2 + BC2

(iii) Converse of Pythagoras Theorem: If in a triangle, square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides, then the angle opposite the first side is a right angle.
 Trigonometry
Trigonometry is the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a right-angled triangle.

Trigonometric Ratios
Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle in a right triangle express the
relationship between the angle and the length of its sides.
Let ∆ABC be a triangle right angled at B. Then the trigonometric ratios
of the angle A in right ∆ABC are defined as follows:

Note:
The values of the trigonometric ratios of an angle do not
vary with the lengths of the sides of the triangle, if the
angle remains same.

Trigonometric Ratios for Trigonometric Identities

Complementary Angles
An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an
sin (90° – A) = cos A angle is called a trigonometric identity, if it is true
cos (90° – A) = sin A for all values of the angle(s) involved.
tan (90° – A) = cot A (i) sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 [for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°]
cot (90° – A) = tan A (ii) sec2θ – tan2θ = 1 [for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°]
sec (90° – A) = cosec A (iii) cosec2θ – cot2θ = 1 [for 0° < θ ≤ 90°
cosec (90° – A) = sec A
Note: Here (90° – A) is the complementary angle
of A.