TRIANGLES - Part 1

Classifica�on of Triangles Comparison of Triangles

A triangle has 3 sides, 3 ver�ces, 3 angles
Congruent Triangles
They have been classified as follows: Pair of triangles with
corresponding sides and
corresponding angles
equal are congruent
triangles.
Similar Triangles
Pair of triangles with
corresponding angles
equal and correspond-
ing sides propor�onal
are similar triangles.

Symbol for congruency Symbol for similarity

=
Test to prove congruency Test to prove similarity
Based on sides Based on angles
1) SAS ( Side-Angle-Side ) 1) SAS ( Side-Angle-Side )
1) Scalene triangle 1) Acute triangle
12 8
= 80� 80�
9 6
2 sides and included
2) Isosceles triangle 2) Right triangle angle are equal 2 sides are propor�onal
and included angle is equal

2) SSS ( Side-Side-Side ) 2) SSS ( Side-Side-Side )

3) Equilateral triangle 3) Obtuse triangle = 12 16 6 8

18 9
All 3 sides are equal All 3 sides are propor�onal

3) ASA ( Angle-Side-Angle ) 3) AA ( Angle-Angle )

Inequali�es of Triangle =
1) If PQ > PR
2 angles and the included 2 angles are equal
then PRQ > PQR
P side are equal
i.e. R > Q
4) RHS( Right angle-
Hypotenuse-Side )
2) If R > Q
then PQ > PR
=
3) For the ∆PQR,
Q R Hypotenuse and one side of
PQ + PR > QR
a right angled triangle is
PR + QR > PQ equal to the respec�ve ones
PQ + QR > PR of the other triangle
 TRIANGLES - Part 2
Basic Propor�onality Theorem (BPT) Pythagoras Theorem
Statement :- If a line is parallel to a side Statement :- In a right angled triangle the
of a triangle which intersects other two square of hypotenuse ( longest side of the
sides in dis�nct points, then the line divides triangle ) is equal to the sum of squares of
other two sides in propor�on. remaining two sides.
A If DE || BC , then by BPT X In ∆XYZ , Y=90�
D E By Pythagoras Theorem,
AD = AE XZ2 = XY2 + YZ2
DB EC
B C Y Z

Converse of BPT :- If a line segment inter- Converse of Pythagoras Theorem :- If square

sec�ng two sides in two dis�nct points of one side of a triangle is equal to the sum
divides them in same ra�o , then the line is of squares of other two sides then, the
parallel to the third side. triangle is right angled triangle.
A X
In ∆XYZ ,
D E If AD = AE
DB EC XZ2 = XY2 + YZ2
then by converse of BPT, By converse of Pythagoras
theorem,
B C Y Z
DE || BC Y=90�

Property of intercepts made by

Property of Angle Bisector
three parallel lines
Statement :- In a triangle, the angle Statement :- The ra�o of intercepts made
bisector divides the side opposite to angle on transversal by 3 parallel lines is equal to
in the ra�o of remaining sides. ra�o of corresponding intercepts made on
any other transversal of the same parallel
lines.
A
If AD is angle bisector then, A D l If AD || BE || CF ,
BD = AB B E m
then AB = DE
B D C DC AC C F n BC EF
p q