TRIANGLES

BASIC CONCEPTS A FLOW CHART

Triangles

Congruent Figures Some Properties of a Triangle

Two figures are congruent,
Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle
if they are of the same are equal
shape and of the same size. Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle
are equal
Each angle of an equilateral triangle is of 60°
lf two triangles ABC and POR are congruent In an isosceles triangle altitude from the vertex
bisects the base. Conversely, if the altitude
underthe correspondence A P,B0 from one vertex of a triangle bisects the
and C R, then symbolically,
it is expressed as AABC = APOR. opposite side, then the triangle is isosceles.
A point equidistant from two given points lies
on the perpendicular bisector of the line
seg-
ment joining the two points.
Two squares of the same sides are congruent.
Two circles of the same radii are congruent. Apoint equidistant from two intersecting lines
lies on the bisectors of the angles formed by
the two lines.

Criteria for congruence of Two Triangles

Iftwo sides and included angle of one triangle
are equal to two sides and the included angle
of the other triangle, then the two triangles are
Congruent (SAS congruence criterion).
Inequalities inaTriangle
In a triangle, angle opposite to the longer side
Two triangles are congruent if two angles and is larger.
the included side of one triangle are equal to In a triangle, side opposite to the larger angle
two angles and the included side of the other
triangle (ASA congruence criterion)3 islonger
Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater
Two triangles are congruent iftwo angles and than the third side.
one side of one triangle are equal to two
angles and the corresponding side of other Of all the line segments that can be drawn on
a given line, from a point, not lying on it, the
triangle. (AAS congruence criterion). perpendicular line segment is the shortest.
Two triangles are congruentifthree sides of
one triangle are equal to three sides of other
triangle (SSS congruence criterion)
Two right-angled triangles are congruent if
hypotenuse and one side of a triangle are
equal to hypotenuse and one side of other
triangle (RHS congruence criterion).

121 riangles
 MORE POINTS TO REMEMBER
The sum of three angles of a triangle is 180". Let A ABC be a triangle, We have to prove

BAC+ ABC + 2ACB 180°

BC passing through A.
Construction: A line DE is drawn parallel to
Proof DE
|| BC
LABC DAB Alternate angles
and ACB 2RAC)

Now 2DAB 2BAG + LEAC=180 Angles on a line) Fig. 7.1

ABC + ZBAC + 2ACB = 180

If
a side of a triangle produced, the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the ,
interior opposite angles.
Let A4BC be a triangle and ZACD be its exterior angle.
We have to prove
LACD 2CBA + 2CAB
Proof 2ACD and ZACB form a linear pair.
LACD+ + LACB =180° .) Fig.7.2
Also,LABC+ LACB + LBAC = 180°
From ) and (i)
LACD+ LACB = ZABG + ZACB + ZBAC

LACD 2ABC + ZBAC

Angles opposite to equal sides of an isosceles triangle are equal.
Let AABC be a
triangle such that AB =
AC
We have prove that LABC ZACB
to =

Construction: A bisector AD of ZA, which meets BC at D is drawn.

Proof: In AABD and AMCD
AB AC
(Given)
AD = AD
(Common)
LBAD LCAD
( AD is bisector of ZA construction)
-

B D
By SAS congruency
Fig. 7.3
AMBD AACD
LABD = LACD
(By CPCT)
LABC = LACB

The sides opposite to equal

angles of a triangle are equal.
Let AABC be a
triangle in which ZABC =
ZACB
We have to prove AB =
AG

Mathematics-IX 122
 Construction: A bisector AD of ZA is drawn which meets BC at D

Proof In A ABD and A ACD

LBAD = 2CAD
: AD is bisector
of ZA]
LABD = LACD
[Given
3rd LADB = 3dLADC
B D
AD = AD
common] Fig. 74
AABD= AACD [ By ASA]
AB = AC

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [1markl

1. In AABC, if 2C > LB, then which two sides of the triangle can you relate?
State the relation. [Fig. 7.5]
Sol. AB > AC
2. IfAB = PO, BC = QR and AC = PR, then write the congruence relation

between the triangles. [Fig. 7.6] B

Fig. 7.5

B R

Fig.7.6
Sol. AABC> APQR
3. It is given that AABC= ADEF, Is it true to say that AB = EF? Justify your answer
Sol. No, AB and EF are not corresponding sides in triangles ABC and DEF Here, AB corresponds to
DE.
4. In triangles ABC and POR, L4 =4Q and B= R. Which side ofAPQR should be equal to side
AB of ABC so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer
[NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. In triangles ABC and QRP Q

LA = 40 (Given)
LB ZR 29bia (Given)
If AB QR,
Then AABC AQRP (By ASA).
B
ABC and PQR, ZA =
2Q and
5. In triangles Fig. 7.7
B R . Which side of APQR should be

equal to side BC of AABC so that two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer
[NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. RP, they will be congruent by AAS congruence criterion.
6. In APOR, ZP = 70° and 2Q = 30. Which side of this triangle is the longest?
Sol. PQ.

123 tanges
 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS-I (2 marks
. In Fig. 7.8, APQR, PQ = PR and 22-65. Then find ZR.
Sol. In APQR, PQ = PR, So 2Q = 65° = ZR
Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.]
2. Tf the corresponding angles of two triangles are equal, then they are always

congruent. State true or false and justify your answer.

Sol. False, because two equilateral triangles with sides 3 cm and 6 cm respectively Fig.7.8
have all angles equal, but the triangles are not congruent.
S. In the Fig. 7.9, PM is the bisector of P and PQ = PR. Then APQM and
APRM are congruent by which criterion?
Sol. In aPQM and APRM

PQ= PR and 20PM= LRPM (Civen)

M
PM is common.
Fig.7.9
So, APQM= APRM (By SAS rule)

4. In Fig. 7.10 APQR, if 4Q= 40° and R = 72', then find the shortest and the
largest sides of the triangle.
Sol. In APQR, we know
40 40° and R = 72 40 72
Q
Then, ZP 180°-(72°+ 40°) = 68° Fig. 7.10
In APQR,
PQ is largest side [Because side opposite to largest angle is largest]
PR is shortest side [Because side opposite to shortest angle is shortest]
5. In Fig. 7.11, if AB = AC and BD = DC, then find LADB.
Sol. In AADB and AADC
AB = AC, BD = DC
[Given]
AD = AD
[Common]
So AADB=AADC [By SSS congruence rule]
D
LADB = LADC
[CPCT] Fig.7.11
But LADB + LADC = 180°
[Linear pair]
LADB + LADB = 180°

2LADB = 180° LADB = 90°

6. Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides 5cm, 3cm and 8cm? Give reason
for your answer.
Sol. No, since sum of two sides is equal
third side. (5 cm + 3 cm
to 8 cm) =

7. Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 7 cm, 8 cmn and 5 cm? Give
reason for your answer.
Sol. Yes, because in each case sum of two sides is greater than the third side.
8. In AABC, ZA 65° and LC 30°. Which side
=
of this triangle is the longest? Give reason 1o
your answer

Sol. ZB = 180°-65°-30° = 85°

A C is the longest side as

side opposite to the larger angle is longer.
am dea 124
Mathematics-IX
 9. Fig. 7.12, PQ= PR and 2Q= LR. Prove that
In APQS and APRT
APQS =APRT. [NCERT
Sol.
P = PR
(Given)
40 LR
(Given)
and ZP = LP
(Common) Fig. 7.12
Therefore, APQS = APRT (ASA Congruence criterion)
AD is a median of the AABC (Fig. 7.13).
Give reason for your answer.
Is it true that AB + BC + CA > 2AD?
Sol. Yes, since the sum of two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
Therefore, AB +BD> AD
AC +CD >AD i)
Adding ) and (i), we get B
AB+AC Fig. 7.13
+ (BD + CD) > AD + AD
AB +BC+ CA >24AD
11. In quadrilateral ACBD, AC = AD and AB bisects A (in Fig. 7.14). Show that AABC= AABDD.
What can you say about BC and BD?
[NCERT]
Sol. In triangle ABC and ABD, we have,
AC =AD (Given)
LCAB = LBAD
(. AB bisects 2A)
AB = AB
(Common)
and by SAS congruence criterion, we have
AABCAABD » BC =BD (CPCT)
Fig. 7.14
12. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which altitude BE and
CF are drawn to equal sides AC and AB respectively
(Fig. 7.15). Show that these altitudes are equal. [NCERT
Sol. Let BE LAC and CFLAB
In triangles ABE and ACF, we have
LAEB = LAFC ( : Each 90°)

LA = LA (Common)
B
and AB A C (Given) Fig. 7.15
we have
By AAS criterion of congruence,
AABE AACF

So, BE = CF (CPCT)
and P is the midpoint of AD.BP and CP are joined. Prove that
13. In Fig. (7.16) ABCD is a square
PCB = ZPBC. A B

dol. In triangles PAB and PDC,

PA = PD (given)
(side of square)
AB C D
(By SAS, APAB APDC)
=
LPAB = ZPDC = 90°
Fig.7.16
PCB = LPBC (Angles opposite to equal sides)
PB =
PC =

Hence proved.
125 iangles
 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS-II 13marks)
1. In Fig. 7.17, it is given that AB =
C EF = BD and AFE = LCBD. Prove that AAFE = ACBD
Sol. In triangles AFE and CBD, we have
AB = CF
(Given)
Adding BF on both the sides
AB + BF = CF + BF

AF BC
Now in triangles AFE and CBD, we have AF= CB (Proved above)
LAFE = LCBD
(Given)
Fig. 7.17
and EF BD (Given)
AAFE ACBD (SAS congruence criterion)
2. Prove that angles opposite to
equal sides of a triangle are equal.
Sol. Given: A AABC in which AB = AC.
To prove: LB = 2C
Construction: Draw AD, the bisector of LA, to meet BC at D.
Proof: In AABD and AACD, we have
AB = AC
(Given)
LBAD =
CAD (By Construction)
AD = AD
(Common)
Fig. 7.18
AABD=ACD (SAS Congruence criterion)
Hence, B = 2C
(CPCT)
3. In Fig. 7.19, AD and BC are
equal perpendicular to a line segment AB. Show
AB. that CD bisects
Sol. In AOAD and
AOBC, we have
LAOD LBOC 3
(Vertically opposite angles)
L0AD =
2OBC (Each 90°)
and, AD = BC

AAODeABOC (AAS congruence criterion)

OA = OB
(CPCT) A
Thus, CD bisects AB.
4. In Fig. 7.20, ABC Fig. 7.19
and DBC are two
LABD = LACD. isosceles triangles on the same base BC. Show that
Sol. In AABC, we
have, AB =
AC
LACB LABC
[NCERT]
In
(Angles opposite to equal sides)
ADBC, we have ...)
BD = CD

ZDCB + ZDBC
Adding () and (i), we
(Angles opposite to equal sides)
get ..(i)
LACB + LDCB ZABC = B4
+ ZDBC
LACD = LABD
Hence, LABD = LACD
D
Fig.7.20
am idea
Mathematics-IX 126
 n Fig. 7.21, sides AB and AC of AABC are extended to points P and Q
5.
respectively. Also, ZPBC <20CB. Show that AC> AB INCERT
Sol. We have,
LABC+ PBC = 180°
(Linear pair) ..)
LACB + 20CB =180°
(Linear pair).) Fig. 7.21
From () and (i), we have
LABC+PBC = LACB + 2QCB
But ZPBC <40CB
(Given)
LABC> 2ACB

AC>AB ( Side opposite to greater angle is larger)

6. Sis any point on side QR of a APQR. Show that: PQ + QR + RP > 2PS.
Cal. Since sum of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side

In APQS, we have
PQ +QS > PS .()
Similarly, in APRS, we have

RS+RP > PS
Adding ) and (#), we get
Fig. 7.22
PQ+QS+RS+RP> PS +PS
PQ+ (QS + RS)+ RP> 2PS
PQ+QR + RP> 2PS
7. In Fig. 7.23, T is a point on side QR of APQR and S is a point such that
RT = ST. Prove that PQ + PR > Qs.

Sol. In APQR, we have

PQ+PR >QR
P Q + PR > QT + RT ( : QR = QT + RT)

P Q + PR > QT + ST (:: RT = ST) )

Fig. 7.23
In AQST, we have

QT+ST> QS ..1)
From () and (i), we have

PQ+PR> QS
8. Prove that each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60°. [NCERT
Sol. Given: A AABC in which AB = BC = CA (Fig. 7.24)

To prove: LA = ZB = LC = 60°

Proof: AB =AC
2C = ZB
(Angles opposite to equal sides are equal)..)
Also, BA = BC

2C LA (Angles opposite to equal

sides are equal) ...i)

127 nanges
 From () and (i), we have
LA = ZB = 2C
Now, ZA + ZB+ 2C = 180° ZA+ ZA+ ZA = 180°

(Angles sum property of triangle)

32A 180 ZA= 60° Fig. 7.24
Hence, A= 2B = 2C =60
BD.
Show that in a quadrilateral ABCD, AR + BC + CD
+ DA> AC + NCER
than the third side.
Sol. Since the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater
Therefore, in AABC, we have
AB+ BC>AC ..0)
In ABCD, we have
BC +CD > BD ..0)
In ACDA, we have
CD +DA > AC .12) Fig. 7.25

In ADAB, we have
DA + AB > BD )

Adding: (), (ü), (i) and (iv), we get

2AB+ 2BC+ 2CD + 2DA > 24C + 2BD

2(AB+BC + CD +DA) > 2(4C + BD)
ABBC+ CD + DA > AC + BD

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS [4 marks

are equal to two
1. Prove that if in triangles, two angles and the included side of one triangle
two
then two triangles are congruent.
angles and the included side of the other triangle,
Sol. Given: Two triangles ABC and DEF
Such that LB = E , 2C = LF and BC = EF.

To prove: AABC = ADEF

Proof: For proving the congruence of two triangles, three
cases arise.
B C E
Case I: When AB = DE
(i)
In this case Fig.7.26
AB DEand ZB = ZE

BC = EF

. AABC= ADEF (SAS congruence criterion)

Case I1: When AB < ED
In this case, take a point P on ED such that PE = AB. Join FP.

B C E
() )
Fig.7.27

mdetcs-X
Mathematics-1X
128
 In triangles ABC and PEF, we have
AB PE
LB = ZE (By supposition)
and, BC EF (Given)
AABC APEF (Given)
LACB = LPFE (SAS criterion of
(CPCT)
congruence)
But LACB LDFE
LPFE = LDFE (Given)
This is possible only when P and D coincide.
Therefore, AB must be equal to DE.
Thus, in triangle ABC and DEF, we have
AB = DE

ZB = LE (Proved above)
and BC EF
(Given)
(Given)
AABC ADEF
(SAS congruence criterion)
Case III: When AB > ED

B c
D
-----.
i) ()
Fig. 7.28
In this case, take
a
point M on ED produced such that ME
=
AB. Join FM. Now, repeating the
arguments as given in case (II), we can conclude that AB = DE and
So, AABC=ADEF
Hence, in all the three cases, we have
AABC ADEF
2. If the bisector of of
an angle a triangle bisects the opposite side, prove that the triangle is
isosceles. NCERT
Sol. Given: A AABC in which AD is the bisector of ZA which meets BC in D such that BD = DC

To prove: AB = AC

Construction: Produce AD to E such that AD = DE and then join CE.

Proof: In AABD and AECD, we have

BD = CD (Given)
AD = ED (By construction)
and LADB =LEDC (Vertically opposite angles)
Therefore, AABD AECD (SAS congruence criterion)
So, AB = EC (CPCT)
and BAD = LCED (CPCT) ...)
Also, BAD = LCAD (Given) .. (i) Fig. 7.29

129 rang.es
 Therefore, from (i) and (ii)
2CAD = 2CED

So, AC = EC (Sides opposite to equal angles) ()

From () and (iv), we get

AB A C
AM of one triangle ARC are re»pectively equal
3,n Fig. 7.30, tweo sides AB and BC and medianShow that A ARC APQR. INCERI
to sides PQ and QR and median PN of APQR.

N
(i)
Fig. 7.30

Sol. In AABC and APQR.

BC QR (Given)

ABM and PQN, we have

BM QN In triangles
AB = PQ (Given)
BM QN (Proved above)

AM = PN (Given)
(SSS congruence criterion)
a ABM = APQN
(CPCD
B =2
and PQR, have
Now, in triangles ABC we

AB = PQ (Given)
(Proved above)
LB=LQ
BC= QR (Given)
(SAS congruence criterion)
A4BC APQR
D such that AD AB.
ABC is a n isosceles triangle in which AB AC. Side BA is produced to =

Show that BCD is a right angle.

to D such that D
Sol. Given: A A4BC in which AB AC, side BA is=
produced
AD = AB

Construction: Join CD A
90°
prove: LBCD
=
To
Proof: In A4BC, we have
AB = AC (Given) Fig. 7.31

LACB = LABC (Anglesopposite to equal sides).)

AB = AD A C = AD
Also,
have AD = AC
In A4DC, we

LACD = LADC (Anglesoppositeto cqual sides). ()

130
Mathematics-X
 Adding () and ("), get
we

LACB + ZACD
= ZABC+ ZADC
ZBCD= 2ABC + ZBDC
oh both sides
Adding BCD
BCD +ZBCD ZABC + ZBDC+ ZBCD
2BCD = 180° ZBCD = 90°

Hence,
ZBCD is a right ängle
Atriangle ABC is right-angled atA.AL is drawn perpendicular to BC. Pröve that ZBAL =ZACB.
we have
s6 In AABC,
ZA + ZB+ 2C 180°
90+ZB+ 2C 180
ZB+ ZC =90°
C = 90°- B
Fig. 7.32
LACB= 90° - ZB
.)
have
In 44BL, we

LALB + BAL + ZB = 180°

90+ ZBAL + ZB =
180° ZBAL + ZB =
90°
ZBAL = 90°- ZB
.(1)
From () and (ü), we get
LBAL = LACB

6. ABC and DBC are two triangles on the same base BC such that A and D lie on the opposite sides
ofBC AB AC and DB = DC. Show that AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.

[NCERT Exemplar)
Sol. Let AD intersect BC at O
Then we have to prove ZAOB = LAOC = 90°

and BO = 0C

Ii AABD and A4CD

AB AC (given)
AD=DA (Common)
BD DC (Given) D

A ABD AACD (By SSS congruence) Fig. 7.33

(CPCT)
Now, in A AOB and A A0C
AB = AC
given)
A0 = OA
(Common)
21 = L2 (Proved above)
A AOB A AOC (By SAS conigruetice)
BO = OC and ZAOB = ZA0C

But 2A0BZAOC =180°

+ (Linear pair)
LAOB + LAOB =180°
LAOB = 90°
ence, ADLBC and AD bisects BC, i.e., AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.

131 rangles
 . AABC is a
right triangle such that AB = AC and bisector of angle C intersects the side AB at D
Prove that AC + AD = BC. [NCERT Exemplar
Sol. Let AB = AC =x

By Pythagoras theorem
BC=VAB + AC? =Vx* +x* BC 2

Again by bisector theorem

BC BD
CAD Fig.7.34
AC AD

BC+ACBD+AD
AC AD AC AD

BC+ AC AB 2x+
AC AD AD

AD AD
AD =
2 +1

2x+x+x 2x +2xV2x(+ y2)_ 2x =BC

AC+ AD =** 2+1 2+1 2 +1)
8. Determine P + 20+ ZR + ZS + LT in Fig. 7.35 shown below.

Fig. 7.35

Sol. In A4PS, side PA is produced to R.

1 = ZP+ ZS (Exterior angle property)
In ATBQ, side TB is produced to point R

2 LT+ 20 (Exterior angle property)

Adding () and () we have Fig. 7.36
1+ 2= LP + ZS +T + 20
41+ 42+ 4R = ZP + 40+ 2R + ZS + LT (Adding R to both sides)
180° LP+ 20+ ZR + 2S+ LT (Angle sum property in AABR)
LP+ LQ+ ZR + ZS +LT = 180°

am dea
Mathematics-IX
132
HOTS(Higher Order Thinking Skills)
1. Prove that sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than twice the median with respect to
the third side. [NCERT Exemplar)
A AABC in which AD is a median.
Sol. Given:
prove:AB + AC > 2AD
To
Construction: Produce AD to E such that
AD DE. Join EC B C

Proof: In triangles ADB and EDC, we have

AD D E (By construction)
BD = DC (: AD is the median) Fig. 7.37
LADB = LEDC
and, (Vertically opposite angles)
AADB AEDC (SAS congruence criterion)
AB E C (CPCT) ...()
In AAEC, we have
AC +EC > AE
[As sum of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side]
Also, AE = 2AD
(Byconstructions)...()
Using ) and (i) in (i), we get
AC + AB> 24D
2. ABCis a triangle with B 22C. D is a point on BC such that AD bisects
LBAC and AD =CD. Prove that BAC = 72°.
Sol. Given, In AABC, ZB = 22C, AD = CD
B
and AD bisects ZBAC. Fig. 7.38
Since AD CD 2 C = ZDAC
ZB = 2DAC
But 2B24C
LB LA = x (say) [AD in bisector of LBAC]
Now, LA + ZB+ 2C = 180° [Angle Sum Property]

x+x+ =180
2 x + = 180°

4xt 180
2
= 180° 180 x2
2 5
LBAC = 72
LA = 72°
3. Ois apoint in the interior of a square ABCD such that 0AB is an equilateral triangle. Show that
AOCD is an isosceles triangle. [NCERT Exemplar]
Sol. Given: A0AB is an equilateral triangle
To prove: ACOD is an isosceles triangle D 7

Since AAOB is an equilateral triangle

20AB = 20BA =60° .)
Also, ZDAB = 2CBA = 90° (: ABCD is a square)
Subtracting ) from (ü), we get
Fig. 7.39
ZDAB -
Z0AB = 2CBA -
ZOBA =
90° -
60°

133 0angles
 i.e.
LDAO
Now, in AAOD 4CBO
=
=
30°
and ABOC
AO = BO
(given)
LDAO= 2CBO Proved above)
AD = BC
(ABCD is a square)
AAOD ABOC (By SAS congruence)
DO = OC
(CPCT)
Since, in ACOD, CO
OD =

ACOD is an isosceles
Prove that in triangle.
a
trian other than an equilateral triangle, angle opposite the1

l
greater
Let
thanofa right angle.
A4BC be a triangle
longest
[NCERT E
in which AC is longest s1de
LB is largest angle
LB LA
and
Adding ) and ), we get
24B LA + 4C Fig.7.40
24B + LB LA+ 4B+ 4C
34B180 LR60

Bxright angle 2
Note:60 =x901
PROFICIENCY EXERCISE
Very Short Answer Questions
1. In APQR, QR =
PQ and 20 40 Then find P.
2. In Fig. 7.41, write the
(1 mai
3. State correspondençe if the triangles are congruent.
the criteria by which AAD A ADC in Fig. 7.42.

B
Fig. 7.41
Fig. 7.42
4. In Fig. 7.43, line is th bisector
of LA, then find the side 00.

5 c m

4cm
Fig.7.43
andea 134
Mathematics-IX
Shor
A t nswer Questions-

A 5, In A4BC

reasons tor your

answer
=
LP, 4B
40 and AB =QR. Will the
(2 marks)
wo triangles be congruent? Give
two
of
f two sides and an angle one triangle are equal to
then the two triangles must be congruent." lsIs thestatetwo sides and
es an angle of another triang
right-angled
is a triangle in which B statement true? Why? [NCERT Exemplar]
A ABC
7. 90
andAB BC. Find LA and 2C.
8. In Fig. 7.44,.AB = AG and ZACD =110°. Find 2A.

sible
9. Is it
possible to construct a triangle with
Give reasons for your lengths
of its sides as 5.4 cm
cm and 13cm?
6.6 110
answer.
10. In.
APC A = 65 and 4C 35°. Which side
=
B
of this
longest? Give reason for your answer. triangle is the Fig.7.44
A
Show that in a
right-angled triangle, the hypotenuse is the
7.45, show that AB > AC.
longest side.
12. In Fig.
13. In Fig. 7.46, find LDAC.

120
120 110
20
D
Fig. 745
Fig. 7.46
14. In Fig. 7.47, AB =AC and D is any point on BC produced. Show that AD> AB.

D
B
Fig. 7.47

Short Answer Questions-HI (3 marks)

15. In Fig. 7.48, l is the bisector of LA and O is any point on l. OB and OC
are perpendicular from O to arms of LA. Show that OB = OC.

16. E and F are respectively the mid-points of equal sides AB and AC of

AABC. Show that BF = CE.

17. In Fig. 7.49, AABC is a triangle in which alitudes BE and CF to sides

AC and AB are equal. Show that AB = AC.
Fig. 7.48

Fig. 7.49

1 n Fig. 7.50, AB = AC and ZB = ZC. Prove that AABE = AACD. B

Fig. 7.50

135 angas
 19. Prove that in an isosceles triangle, the altitude from the vertex bisects the base.

20. In Fig. 7.51, BA LAC, DE L DF such that BA =

DE and BF = EC. Show that AMBC ADEF
[NCERT Exemplan|

B E

Fig. 7.51

21. In Fig. 7.52, 4B <£C and 2C< ZD. Show that AD < BC. (NCERT]B
22. In Fig. 7.53, AB> AC and OB and OC are the bisectors of ZB and 2C
respectively. Show that OB > OC.

Fig.7.52

Fig. 7.53
23. Bisectors of the angles B and C of an isosceles triangle in which AB =
AC intersect each otherat
point P. BP is produced at a point . Prove that 2QPC = ZABC.
24. In Fig 7.54, PR > PQ and PS bisects NCERT Exrmpias
2QPR. Prove that 2PSR > LPSQ.
P

Fig. 7.54
25. 1f the bisector of the exterior vertical
triangle is isosceles.
angle of a triangle is parallel to the base. Show that the
26. Ois a point on the bisector
that ABPO is isosceles.
of an ABC. If the line through O parallel to AB meets BC at P,
prove
27. In tuiangle ABC
right angled at B, show that AC is the longest side.
28. Prove that any
point on the angle bisector of an angle is
29. Prove that the equidistant
perimeter of a triangle is greater than sum of its threefrom its arms.
30. The side BC of 44BC is altitudes.
produced
formed is greater than 24 by 180°.
on both sides.
Prove that the sum of two exterior
angles so
31. In the given
Fig. 7.55, 2B< LA and 2C < ZD. Show
that AD< BC.
D

Fig.7.55

Mathematics-X 136
 l the Fig. 7.56, 1t ZABG =
LACB, prove that ZABD =
ZACE.

B
Flg.7.56
s Find all the angles of an equilateral triangle.
[NCERT Exemplar]
l Pis a point on the bisector of ZABC. If the line
through P, parallel to BA meet BC at Q prove
that BPQ is an isosceles triangle.
[NCERT Exemplar
Tiwo lines and m intersect at the point O and P is
o such that P is equidistant froml and m. Prove that n is the
a
point on a line
bisectorpassing
n through the by l
of the angle formedpoint
and m.
INCERT Exemplar]
a ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB =
AC and BD and CE B
Show that BD =CE.
its two medians. Ap
are

[NCERT Exemplar]
97 CDE is an equilateral triangle formed on a side CD ofa square ABCD (See
Fig.7.57).
Show that AADE = ABCE.
NCERT Exemplar] d
S8, Line segment joining the mid-points M and N parallel sides AB and DC, respectively
of a trapezium ABCD is perpendicular to both the sides AB and DC
Prove that AD = BC.
[NCERT Exemplar]
Fig.7.57

Long Answer Questions (4 marks)

39. In Fig. 7.58, ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC, D and E are
points on BC such that BE = CD. Show that AD = AE.
[NCERT
40. 44BC and 4DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC
and vertices A and D are on the same side of BC.IfAD is extended to
intersectBCatP, show that [NCERT] B
) A ABD=AACD (i) AABPeAACP Fig.7.58
(i) AP bisects ZA as well as ZD (v) AP is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
41. If two isosceles triangles have a common base, prove that the line joining the vertices bisects the
base at right angle.
42. In Fig. 7.59, ZA = LC and AB = BC. Prove that A ABD= ACBE.

Fig. 7.59
43 BE and CF are two equal altitudes of AABC. Using RHS congruence rule, prove that A ABC is
IsoSceles.
Prove that the medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.
3 . In a right triangle, prove that the line segment joining the mid-point of the hypotenuse to the

oPposite vertex is half of the hypotenuse. [NCERT Exemplar]

137 Tangles
 6. Prove that in a triangle, other than an equilateral triangle, angle opposite the longest side .

gTeater than 60
AB
47. An Fig. 7.60, AP L BC. PC> PR and PQ =PR. Show that AG >

Fig. 7.60

+ PR.
48 Sis any point in the interior of APQR. Show that SQ+ SR < PQ
show that AB + BC
diagonal AC and BD intersect at 0,
+ (
49. In a quadrilateral ABCD in which
DA < 2(AC+ BD). NCERT Exmpiar
smallest and longest sides
50. ABCD is quadrilateral in which AB and CD are
a

respecdtively. Prove that LA> 4C and 4B> 4D.

that
AC. Bisector of Z4 meets BC at D. Prove
51. ABC is a right triangle with AB =

BC 24D. NCERT Exemplar|

that
52 In the Fig. 7.61, PQRS is a square and SRT is an equilateral triangle, prove
) PT =
QT ()ATQR =
15°

Fig. 7.61

SELF-ASSESSMENT TEST
Maximum marks: 25
Time : 45 minutes
1. Two sides of a triangle are say 4 cm and 1.5 cm. What can never be the length of the third side: I

then find the corresponding angles. 1

2. IfA ABC is congruent to ADEF by SSS congruence rule,
3. In A ABC, if AB =
AC, ZB 50°, then find the 24.
4. In AABC and ADEF, AB = FD, LA = 4D. Find the thid condition for congruency of S4S.
OB and OD OC. Show that 2
5. In Fig. 7.62, O4 = =

Fig. 7.62

) AAOD ABOC i) AD || BC
6. Ia Fig. 7.63 AC> AB and AD is the bisector of LA. Show that &ADC LADB.

Fig. 7.63

am dea 138
Mathematics-1X
 In Fig. 7.64, AB= AG, D 1s the point in the interior of AABC such that 2DBC = ZDCB. Prove
7.
that 4D bisects ZBAC of A4BC. 3

Fig.7.64
s. Im Fig. 7.65, ABC 1s a triangle with BC produced to D. Also bisectors of LABC and LACD meet
atE. Show that BEC= 4BAC.

Fig.7.65
Also
9. In Fig 7.66, sides AB and AC of AABC are extended to points P and Q respectively.
LPBC 4QCB. Show that AC> A. 3

Fig.7.66
10. BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC. Using RHS congruence rule, prove that the4
triangle ARC isisosceles
11. In Fig. 7.67, ABC is an isosceles triangles in which AB AC. Side BA is produced to D such that
AD = AB. Show that BCD is a right angle.

B
Fig. 7.67

139 ianges