3.

6 Math Review Reference Sheets

Angles and Polygons

VERTICAL ANGLES: ANGLES FORMED BY A LINE
Q S INTERSECTING TWO PARALLEL LINES:
y° y° x°
R
x° x° 1
y° x° y°
P T
y° x°
∠PRQ and ∠SRT are a pair of vertical angles, and so x° y° 2
are ∠QRS and ∠PRT. Note that x° + y° = 180°.
If two parallel lines are intersected by a third line, then
the angle measures are related as indicated in the figure
above, where x° + y° = 180°.

INTERIOR ANGLES OF A POLYGON: EQUILATERAL AND ISOSCELES

The sum of the interior angle measures of a polygon with TRIANGLES:
n sides is (n − 2)180°. For example, the sum of the interior An equilateral triangle’s sides are all the same length. An
angle measures of a pentagon is (5 − 2)180° = (3)180° = isosceles triangle has at least two sides of equal length.
540°.

AREA OF A TRIANGLE: If two sides of a triangle are equal in length, the two
(length of altitude)(length of base) angles opposite those sides are equal in measure, and vice
Area of a triangle = versa.
2
B Any altitude of an equilateral triangle bisects the side
to which it is drawn.
E E

6 30º
A D C
8
BD = 5 60º
D F
G
The area of ΔABC is
( BD × AC ) = 5 × 8 = 20. In equilateral triangle ΔDEF, DE = 6, so DG = 3 and
2 2 EG = 3 3 .
If AB = BC, then AD = DC = 4.

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 GMAT™ Official Guide Quantitative Review 2022

AREA OF A TRAPEZOID: RIGHT TRIANGLES:

(sum of lengths of bases)(height) In a right triangle, the side opposite the right angle is
Area of a trapezoid =
2 the hypotenuse, and the other two sides are the legs.
12 R Any triangle in which the lengths of the sides are in
Q
the ratio 3:4:5 is a right triangle.
8 In 45°− 45° − 90° triangles, the lengths of the sides are
in the ratio 1:1: 2. In 30° − 60° − 90° triangles, the
lengths of the sides are in the ratio 1: 3:2.
P 16 S
The Pythagorean theorem:
The area of PQRS is (QR + PS) × 8 = (12 + 16) × 8 = If a and b, are the lengths of the bases of a right triangle,
28 × 4 = 112. 2 2
and c is the length of the hypotenuse, then a2 + b2 = c2.
S
AREA OF A PARALLELOGRAM:
The area of a rectangle or other parallelogram =
(length of base)(height) 6

K L R T
8
4 In right triangle ΔRST, RS = 6 and RT = 8.
N Since 62 + 82 = 36 + 64 = 100 = (ST )2 and
J M
6 ST = 100 , it follows that ST = 10.
Since the diagonals bisect each other, KN = NM and
JN = NL. The area of JKLM is JM × 4 = 6 × 4 = 24.

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