ATS - Cc bn tr, d hay kh?

Ch nht, 06 Thng 12 2009 09:37 TS.Nguyn Tin Dng; ThS. inh Vn Hin

Bi vit khi qut vn thit k ch to t ATS ca cc bn tr, a ra cu tr li gii p thc mc ca cc bn v tin cy sn phm ca mnh c s dng trong thc t.

i nt v cc t ATS hin nay do cc s tr tch hp: Hin nay, nhu cu s dng my pht in cng sut di 1000kVA cho cc trm vin thng, cho cc nh hng-khch sn, tr s cng ty, l tng i ln. Chnh y l iu kin cc k s tr d dng c th ng dng cng ngh cao trong vic thit k-ch to h thng t ng chuyn i ngun in. Trn thc t, ngi vit bi ny tip xc rt nhiu cc t ATS vi ng dng PLC, L G, l sn phm ca cc k s tr ngnh in-t ng ha. Tuy nhin, sau mt thi gian hu ht cc bn u thy sn phm ca mnh bc l nhiu nhc im m khch hng khng th chp nhn c. Trong , ch yu l xy ra hin tng: Khng khi ng c my pht khi in li mt; - Khng TEST c qu trnh khi ng my pht kim tra cht lng d phng ca my pht in khi in li ang cung cp ngun cho ti qua t ATS. Mun kim tra, vn phi ct ngun in li; - Khng khi ng c my pht khi cht lng in li km nh mt pha chng hn; - Tui th cc kh c in cng sut rt thp, c bit thng chy cun ht khi dng contactor, m nguyn nhn khng phi do qu p.

Vy th, phi chng sn phm ca cc bn tr cha hon thin? Qua kho st v thc t tip xc vi cc k s tr, ngi vit bi ny thy rng: Cn nguyn ca vn l cc k s tr ngnh in-t ng ha cha nghin cu k v i tng iu khin ca t ATS, m ch hiu mt cch n gin l: tch hp t ATS sao cho p ng: - Khi ng my pht in v cp in t my pht cho ti khi in li mt; - Dng my pht v cp in t li in cho ti khi c in li tr li. Cng cn phi ni thm cc k s tr ngnh in-t ng ha ca chng ta thy vn tch hp ATS D hay Kh. Chuyn l th ny: Sau mt thi gian s dng my pht in (do Hng Denyo-Nht Bn ch to) v t ATS c tch hp trong nc, Ngn hng Cng thng Vit Nam quyt nh chuyn sang dng my pht v t ATS ng b do Hng Denyo-Nht Bn cung cp trang b ngun in d phng cho c s mi ca n v ti Khu Cng ngh cao LngHa Lc t cui nm 2008. T khi chnh thc hot ng n 5/2009, lun xy ra hin tng: - Khng khi ng c my pht khi in li mt, m trc (khong 10 ngy) th khi ng c. Sau khi np li c quy bng b np ngoi th khi ng c v sau 10 ngy li xy ra hin tng khng khi ng c my pht; - D suy ra rng: c hin tng c quy phng in do phi t my pht in ch RUN vi my pht in dng kha in kiu c kh, hoc ch AUTO vi my pht c mn hnh gim st v cc phm iu khin. Nnng nhin l thay b np c quy c cng sut ln hn l c. Vi cch t vn ny, thot u tng l n, song sau khi thay b np c quy c cng sut ln hn ( tnh chn) th dn n hin tng tui th c quy gim r rt do lun c hin tng si trong c quy khi ngi vn hnh a cn gt (ng-ct ngun c quy) v v tr OFF. Sau kim tra, nghin cu ATS v my pht in ti c s ny, ngi vit bi nhn thy cn phi b sung mt t ATS (tm gi l t ATS th cp) kt hp vi t ATS ng b vi my pht c v thc hin c vic loi b cc hin tng trn (trong mt dp khc, ngi vit bi ny s gii thiu nguyn l hot ng ca t ATS th cp ny). Vy bn cht vn l ch, phi tm hiu k i tng iu khin ca ATS (c bit l my pht in) a ra ng v cc yu cu k thut m t ATS phi p ng. Trn c s cc yu cu , m tch hp thit b iu khin. Cc yu cu k thut thit b iu khin ATS cht lng cao phi c 1. T ng ct mch ng lc ca ngun in li v khi ng my pht in khi ngun in li b li (c th l mt in 1pha; 2 pha; 3 pha, o pha, lnh pha qu cho php); 2. T ng ng mch ng lc ca ngun in my pht cp in cho ti khi my pht chy n nh; 3. T ng dng my pht, ct mch ng lc ca ngun in my pht v ng mch ng lc ca ngun in li cp in cho ti khi ngun in li c tr li v m bo cht lng; 4. T ng dng my pht in khi my pht in c s c, m hai trng hp tiu biu l p sut du bi trn thp hn v nhit nc lm mt cao hn cho php; 5. Phi xut c cc xung iu khin qu trnh khi ng c rng xung ph hp, cch nhau mt khong thi gian c quy t phc hi dung lng. Thi gian khi ng khng c qu di, nu khi ng ln th nht khng c th sau mt khong thi gian th xut xung khi ng tip theo v ti a nn ch l 3 xung khi ng;

6. m bo c hai ch lm vic l AUTO v MAN. C th l cng tc xoay hoc phm n chn ch lm vic; 7. TEST c qu trnh khi ng my pht in khi in li vn ang cung cp in cho ti qua t ATS; 8. B np c quy phi m bo duy tr trng thi c quy c np y bng t ng duy tr dng np nh v p ng cc ch tiu khc cho c th my pht in. y l 8 yu cu k thut c bn cn phi c. 8 yu cu ny phi c thc hin nhanh, tin cy (c bit cho yu cu 7), c bit khi my pht l ngun in d phng cht lng cao c ti l nhiu ng c in i hi khi mt in li th phi cp in my pht trong khong thi gian m tc ng c vn cn t trn 30% tc nh mc. iu ny rt hu ch cho c h thng ti v my pht. gii quyt tt 8 yu cu trn vi tnh tc ng nhanh, th khng g hn l ng dng cng ngh k thut s. Ngoi ra cn cn phi c cc yu cu v gim st, l: 9. Cnh bo p lc du bi trn thp hn v nhit nc lm mt cao hn cho php ca ng c dn ng my pht in; 10. Bo li khi ng sau 3 ln khi ng khng c; 11. Hin th bng n hay s (thp phn) in p li v in p my pht (c th l 1 pha hay c 3 pha, thng vi in my pht l 1 pha v in li l 3 pha). V mt nh lng, mt s yu cu k thut cht lng cao trn c lng ha nh sau: Cho kh c in chuyn mch ng lc: - Khong thi gian chuyn ngun (t in li sang in my pht v ngc li): 180ms250ms; - Khong thi gian ct mch ng lc in li, k t thi im in li b li: 50ms100ms; - Khong thi gian ct mch ng lc in my pht, k t thi im in li c tr li: 50ms-100ms; - Khong thi gian phc hi in: 60ms-110ms; Khong thi gian trn ph thuc vo kh c in chuyn mch ng lc l contactor thng thng hay bn dn. Vi vic s dng chuyn mch ngun bn dn th khong thi gian ni trn c rt ngn v t ATS hot ng m i hn so vi dng contactor thng thng. Cho thit b iu khin: - Tc iu khin: 8 bit Microcontroller; - S ln chuyn i (ng/ct): t trn 10.000 ln; Tc bo li: 2s-3s; - S xung khi ng my pht in: 3; - Thi gian ch gia hai ln khi ng (nu ln khi ng k trc khng c): 10s-13s; - rng xung khi ng: 5-8s; Nh vy:

Thi gian chy my pht khng ti: 120s-150s; Thi gian chuyn ngun in li: 1s-3s; - Thi gian chuyn ngun in my pht (cho 1 ln khi ng c): 4-6s; Cho thit b np c quy: - in p np 12VDC hay 24VDC vi dng np lin tc iu chnh c v t ng duy tr ph hp vi dung lng c th ca c quy. p ng iu kin ny, phi ng dng cng ngh in t-np chuyn mch; C hai ch np t ng v cng bc; Bo v qu trnh khi ng; Trang b chu u ra, vi chc nng np bnh cht; Bo v chng o cc; T ng gii hn dng np khi khi ng ng c; Cht lng in p np: gn sng thp; Np c cn bng v ni; - T ng ngt in khi in p c quy thp hay khng c in p i ng ln ngun ra DC. Vi cc yu cu k thut c th nu trn, cc bn k s tr ngnh in-t ng ha hon ton c th: - Xy dng cu hnh, la chn linh kin, t lp mt thit b iu khin t ATS; - ng dng cng ngh (s dng L G, PLC,) k thut s, lp trnh, ci t L G hay PLC xut cc tn hiu iu khin mnh mong mun n cc kh c in lc thuc chuyn mch ngun ng lc v h thng iu khin khi ng/dng my pht in. Vi c im v h thng iu khin ng c dn ng my pht in Cng vi ngun in li, h thng iu khin qu trnh khi ng/dng ng c t trong (thng vi my pht 3 pha l ng c diezel) l i tng cn iu khin ca t ATS. V vy, vic hiu su sc nguyn tc iu khin cng s mch iu khin ca tng loi ng c l iu cn thit i vi cc bn tr mong mun hon thin sn phm t ATS ca mnh. Tu trung, h thng iu khin qu trnh khi ng/dng ng c dn ng my pht c th chia thnh 2 loi ( theo loi phn t iu khin trn panel iu khin my pht) - H thng iu khin kiu c kh: vic thao tc iu khin qu trnh khi ng/dng v gim st cc thng s k thut khi ng c hot ng c thc hin qua kha in thng c 4 v tr (l PREHEAT; STOP; RUN; START) v cc ng h kim hin th p lc du; nhit nc; dng np/phng ca c quy, v cc n cnh bo p lc du; nhit nc lm mt; H thng iu khin kiu ny c u im (rt ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam) l hot ng tin cy, bn, d quan st. Nhng c nhc im l kt ni vi t ATS (cha hon thin, nh nu) s bc nhng hin tng nu phn u bi vit ny. - H thng iu khin kiu in t: vic thao tc iu khin qu trnh khi ng/dng v gim st cc thng s k thut khi ng c hot ng (cng nh ca my pht in) c thao tc qua cc phm n v mn hnh gim st. Vic la chn trang hin th thng s k thut v ch iu khin ( kt ni vi t ATS) c thao tc qua phm n. H thng iu khin kiu ny c u im kt ni d dng vi t ATS v t ATS khng cn phi c y cc yu cu k thut nh nu, v phn ln cc yu cu c sn trong h thng iu khin kiu ny. Tuy nhin, loi my pht in c h thng iu khin kiu ny khng c khch hng Vit Nam a chung do rt hay hng khi iu khin v mn

hnh hin th, v c im mi trng Vit Nam v khng gian trong my pht in khi chy, cng nh iu kin thc t ph bin v v tr lp t my pht kt hp li. Chnh v vy, loi my pht in ny tuy r nhng vn khng c th trng v thm ch khch hng l mua dng u c nhu cu ci to li theo kiu c kh. V th, i tng my pht in trong bi vit ny l loi iu khin kiu c kh. - Bi k sau, ngi vit bi ny s a ra mt gii php k thut c th gip cc k s tr c ci nhn trc quan hn na v mt gii php trong rt nhiu gii php k thut lm ra mt thit b iu khin t ATS cht lng cao. S 110 (11/2009)T ng ha ngy nay