ISRO Missions
1. Chandrayaan-3
Launch Vehicle: LVM3-M4
Target: Lunar South Pole
Soft Landing Date: August 23, 2023
Significance: First nation to achieve a soft landing in the lunar south pole region. Fourth country to
soft-land on the Moon.
Key Payloads: ChaSTE (Thermal Properties), ILSA (Seismic Activity), LP (Plasma Density) on Lander;
APXS (Elemental Composition), LIBS (Elemental Composition) on Rover; SHAPE (Spectro-polarimetry
of Habitable Planet Earth) on Propulsion Module
Mission Life: One lunar day (~14 Earth days)
2. Aditya-L1
Objective: India's first dedicated solar observatory mission
Launch Date: September 2, 2023
Placement: Halo orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 1 (L1)
Significance: Continuous view of the Sun without occultation/eclipses. Boosts space weather
prediction. India's Entry into Solar Physics Research.
Key Payloads: VELC, SUVIT, ASPEX, ADITYA-L1, SoLEXS, PSM, and MAG to study photosphere,
chromosphere, and corona
Launch Vehicle: PSLV XL
3. Gaganyaan
Objective: India's first human spaceflight program
Crew: Aiming to send a crew of 3 members
Orbit: 400 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Duration: 3-day mission
Expected Return: Sea landing
Significance: Makes India the fourth nation with human spaceflight capability (after US, Russia, and
China).
Launch Vehicle: Human-rated LVM 3
Key Technologies: Crew Escape System, Re-entry mission capability, Thermal Protection System, Life
support systems.
4. XPoSat
Objective: India's first dedicated scientific satellite for X-ray polarimetry
Launch Vehicle: PSLV C-58
Significance: Second nation globally (after NASA) to have an observatory for X-ray polarimetry.
Key Payloads: POLIX (X-ray Polarimeter), XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing)
5. INSAT-3DS
Objective: A Dedicated meteorological satellite for weather monitoring and forecasting
Launch Vehicle: GSLV-F14
Significance: Provides data for weather prediction, disaster management, and climate studies.
Enhances India's meteorological and disaster warning systems.
Key Payloads: 6-channel Imager, 19-channel Sounder, DRT, SAS&R transponder
6. Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV-TD)
Objective: Develop critical technologies for a fully reusable launch vehicle
Significance: Aims to achieve low-cost access to space—a scaled-down version to become the first
stage of India's reusable orbital launch vehicle.
Key Technologies Demonstrated: Hypersonic flight, autonomous landing, and powered cruise flight.
7. Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)
Objective: Develop a cost-effective launch vehicle for small satellites
Key Features: Low cost, low turnaround time, flexibility for multiple satellites, minimal launch
infrastructure requirements
Significance: Captures the emerging commercial market for small satellites. Reduces waiting time for
small satellite launches.
Stages: Three solid propulsion stages and a liquid propulsion-based Velocity Trimming Module (VTM)
as a terminal stage.
8. PSLV-C59/Proba-3 Mission
Objective: Demonstrate precise formation flying for the European Space Agency's (ESA) satellites.
Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C59
Significance: Showcases ISRO's capabilities in international collaboration and precise orbital
deployment. Aids in the development of future space station construction and advanced space
rendezvous techniques.
9. PSLV-C60/SPADEX Mission
Objective: Demonstrate in-space docking technology.
Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C60
Significance: Essential for future missions such as Chandrayaan-4, Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS),
and sample return missions. Makes India the fourth country to possess space docking technology.
10. GSLV-F15/NVS-02 Mission
Objective: Launch the NVS-02 navigation satellite to enhance India's NavIC system.
Launch Vehicle: GSLV-F15
Significance: Reinforces India's commitment to indigenous navigation systems, reducing reliance on
foreign constellations. Improves positioning accuracy for civilian and strategic applications.
Key Payloads: Navigation payload in L1, L5, and S bands; Ranging payload in C-band.
11. GSLV-F16/NISAR Mission
Objective: Joint mission with NASA to monitor Earth's ecosystem changes, ice-mass dynamics, and
natural disasters.
Launch Vehicle: GSLV-F16 (first time GSLV placed a satellite in Sun-synchronous orbit)
Significance: Dual-frequency (L & S-band) SAR provides data on biomass, ice sheets, crop health, and
soil moisture. Contributes to global climate science, seismic and volcanic monitoring, forest mapping,
and resource management.
Data Policy: Freely available to the public .
