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Class 10 CBSE Geography – Lesson 1:

Resources and Development
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which one of the following is a renewable resource?

a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
2. Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised are called:
a) Potential resources
b) Stock resources
c) Reserve resources
d) Actual resources
3. On the basis of origin, resources are classified as:
a) Biotic and abiotic
b) Renewable and non-renewable
c) Potential and developed
d) National and international
4. Which one of the following is an example of biotic resources?
a) Water
b) Minerals
c) Forests
d) Land
5. The resources which cannot be renewed or reproduced are known as:
a) Renewable resources
b) Non-renewable resources
c) Flow resources
d) Potential resources
6. The resources whose quantity is known and which are being used currently are called:
a) Potential resources
b) Developed resources
c) Reserve resources
d) Stock resources
7. The main objective of sustainable development is to:
a) Increase industrial production
b) Ensure resources are used for future generations
c) Increase foreign exchange
d) Increase urbanisation
8. Which of the following statements is correct about resources?
a) Resources are free gifts of nature
b) Resources are created by human beings only
c) Resources are a function of human activity
d) Resources have no economic value
9. The process of transformation of things available in our environment into resources
depends on:
a) Nature
b) Technology and institutions
c) Human beings
d) All of the above
10. Which one of the following is not a natural resource?
a) Soil
b) Water
c) Road
d) Minerals
11. Resources are classified as ubiquitous and localised based on:
a) Ownership
b) Origin
c) Distribution
d) Development
12. The term ‘stock’ refers to resources:
a) Available for use immediately
b) Not surveyed yet
c) Present but cannot be used due to lack of technology
d) Distributed equally
13. Which of the following is an example of a stock resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Petroleum reserves used daily
c) Hydrogen gas in water
d) Coal being mined
14. Resource planning is essential because:
a) Resources are unlimited
b) Resources are unevenly distributed
c) Resources are abundant everywhere
d) Resources can be wasted easily
15. Which of the following types of soil is most widely spread in India?
a) Red soil
b) Black soil
c) Alluvial soil
d) Desert soil
16. Alluvial soil is mainly deposited by:
a) Winds
b) Rivers
c) Glaciers
d) Volcanoes
17. Black soil is best suited for the cultivation of:
a) Tea
b) Cotton
 c) Paddy
d) Wheat
18. The process of washing down of soil nutrients due to heavy rainfall is called:
a) Leaching
b) Weathering
c) Soil erosion
d) Salinisation
19. Which soil has high humus content?
a) Black soil
b) Forest soil
c) Desert soil
d) Red soil
20. Red soil derives its colour from:
a) High organic content
b) High moisture content
c) Iron content
d) Calcium content
21. Which of the following is not a factor responsible for soil formation?
a) Time
b) Relief
c) Humidity
d) Parent rock
22. Which is the most fertile soil in India?
a) Black soil
b) Desert soil
c) Alluvial soil
d) Laterite soil
23. Gullies are formed due to:
a) Wind erosion
b) Water logging
c) Sheet erosion
d) Running water
24. Land under permanent pasture comes under which category of land use?
a) Cultivable waste land
b) Current fallow land
c) Net sown area
d) Other than current fallow land
25. The National Forest Policy was introduced in:
a) 1950
b) 1952
c) 1962
d) 1972
26. Sheet erosion occurs due to:
a) Wind blowing away topsoil
b) Water flowing as thin layer
c) Earthquake movement
d) Glacier melting
27. Ravines in Chambal basin are the result of:
a) Wind erosion
b) Overgrazing
 c) Gully erosion
d) Mining
28. Land degradation in India is mainly caused by:
a) Tourism
b) Over-irrigation and deforestation
c) Heavy rainfall
d) None of these
29. Which one of the following measures is used to control soil erosion on steep slopes?
a) Strip cropping
b) Terrace farming
c) Contour ploughing
d) Fallowing
30. The percentage of plain area in India is approximately:
a) 30%
b) 43%
c) 27%
d) 20%
31. Soil formed by the intense leaching and found in high rainfall areas is:
a) Alluvial soil
b) Black soil
c) Laterite soil
d) Desert soil
32. Which is not a biotic resource?
a) Forests
b) Cattle
c) Coal
d) Fish
33. Resources are also classified as national, international, community and:
a) Individual resources
b) Regional resources
c) Localised resources
d) Developed resources
34. Which of these is an example of individual resources?
a) Public parks
b) Private farms
c) Community wells
d) Forests
35. Which term refers to the practice of growing different crops in strips across a slope?
a) Terrace farming
b) Shelter belts
c) Contour ploughing
d) Strip cropping
36. Resources whose quantity is known but not being used due to lack of technology are:
a) Reserves
b) Stocks
c) Actual resources
d) Developed resources
37. India’s net sown area is about:
a) 70%
b) 43%
 c) 20%
d) 60%
38. The area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is called:
a) Net cropped area
b) Fallow land
c) Gross cropped area
d) Permanent pasture
39. The shifting cultivation practiced in north-eastern states is known as:
a) Jhum cultivation
b) Terrace farming
c) Strip cropping
d) Contour farming
40. Water erosion is responsible for what percentage of land degradation in India?
a) 20%
b) 33%
c) 45%
d) 60%
41. Which region of India suffers most from wind erosion?
a) Western Rajasthan
b) Punjab plains
c) Eastern Ghats
d) Western Ghats
42. Deforestation affects:
a) Soil fertility
b) Soil erosion
c) Climate
d) All of the above
43. “Land under miscellaneous tree crops” comes under:
a) Cultivable waste land
b) Current fallow land
c) Forest area
d) Permanent pasture
44. Which is a measure for resource conservation?
a) Over-irrigation
b) Deforestation
c) Sustainable development
d) Excessive mining
45. Red soil is commonly found in:
a) Himalayas
b) Deccan plateau
c) Indo-Gangetic plains
d) Thar Desert
46. Which soil becomes sticky when wet?
a) Desert soil
b) Black soil
c) Laterite soil
d) Red soil
47. The concept of sustainable development was popularised by:
a) Brundtland Commission Report
b) United Nations Charter
 c) Kyoto Protocol
d) Rio Summit
48. Which type of resource is air?
a) Localised
b) Biotic
c) Ubiquitous
d) Individual
49. The main aim of resource planning is:
a) Urban development
b) Equal distribution of resources
c) Industrial development
d) None of these
50. The term “Resource” refers to:
a) Objects with utility and value
b) Only natural products
c) Only human-made goods
d) Free gifts of nature

Class 10 CBSE Geography – Chapter 2:

Forest and Wildlife Resources
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is not a type of biodiversity?

a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Resource diversity
d) Ecosystem diversity
2. The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in:
a) 1972
b) 1980
c) 1965
d) 1992
3. Which of the following is not a cause of deforestation?
a) Mining
b) Urbanisation
c) Conservation programmes
d) Industrialisation
4. Which of the following is a critically endangered species?
a) Black buck
b) Indian Rhino
c) Cheetah
d) Himalayan brown bear
5. Which one of the following is included under flora?
a) Birds
b) Reptiles
c) Plants
d) Insects
6. Which term is used for animals and plants found in a particular area or region?
a) Endemic species
b) Exotic species
c) Threatened species
d) Extinct species
7. Which of the following human activities leads to the greatest loss of biodiversity?
a) Forest fires
b) Overpopulation
c) Deforestation
d) Hunting
8. Project Tiger was launched in:
a) 1973
b) 1984
c) 1993
d) 1965
9. Which of these is not a function of forests?
a) Maintain biodiversity
b) Promote floods
c) Control soil erosion
d) Regulate climate
10. What is the name of the forest community in Odisha that protects forests using
traditional methods?
a) Chipko
b) Bishnoi
c) Sariska
d) Paikas
11. Which of the following is an example of an extinct species?
a) Asiatic cheetah
b) Snow leopard
c) Indian elephant
d) Gharial
12. Which of the following is a biosphere reserve?
a) Sariska
b) Nanda Devi
c) Ranthambore
d) Periyar
13. Which group is responsible for conserving wildlife in India?
a) World Bank
b) Ministry of Environment and Forests
c) UNESCO
d) WHO
14. Which of the following is not a natural cause of biodiversity loss?
a) Earthquake
b) Tsunami
c) Hunting
d) Volcanic eruption
15. The Forest and Wildlife Resources chapter highlights which key concept?
a) Urban growth
b) Biodiversity conservation
 c) Industrialisation
d) Trade liberalisation
16. Which species of deer is endemic to the Indian subcontinent?
a) Black buck
b) White-tailed deer
c) Moose
d) Elk
17. Forests are classified into how many major types in India?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
18. Which of these is not a part of biodiversity?
a) Soil
b) Animals
c) Plants
d) Microorganisms
19. Which of the following is a protected area for wildlife in India?
a) Green belts
b) National parks
c) Urban forests
d) Plantation fields
20. Which of these has been declared as a biosphere reserve in India?
a) Gangotri
b) Narmada Valley
c) Sunderbans
d) Mathura
21. Which of the following animals is found in the Himalayan region?
a) Elephant
b) Snow leopard
c) Nilgai
d) Black buck
22. Which is not a reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
a) Overgrazing
b) Poaching
c) Sacred groves
d) Mining
23. The 'Chipko Movement' originated in:
a) Odisha
b) Himachal Pradesh
c) Uttarakhand
d) Maharashtra
24. Sacred groves are a form of:
a) Agricultural land
b) Reserved forest
c) Community conserved forest patches
d) Government plantations
25. Which one of the following is a keystone species in the ecosystem?
a) Tiger
b) Peacock
 c) Cow
d) Buffalo
26. What does IUCN stand for?
a) International Union for Conservation of Nature
b) International Unity for Clean Nature
c) Indian Union for Conservation of Nature
d) Indian University for Conservation Network
27. Which term refers to plant and animal species whose population has declined to a
level that they may become endangered?
a) Rare species
b) Vulnerable species
c) Extinct species
d) Endemic species
28. The first national park in India was:
a) Jim Corbett National Park
b) Bandipur National Park
c) Gir National Park
d) Kaziranga National Park
29. Which one of the following is not a direct cause of forest degradation?
a) Industrial expansion
b) Plantation
c) Timber extraction
d) Mining
30. How much of India’s land is under forest cover (as per Forest Survey of India)?
a) About 15%
b) About 21%
c) About 35%
d) About 50%
31. The joint forest management (JFM) programme was first introduced in:
a) Odisha
b) Andhra Pradesh
c) West Bengal
d) Rajasthan
32. What is the term used for forest areas that are legally protected?
a) Community forest
b) Private forest
c) Reserved forest
d) Wasteland
33. Which term best describes the gradual loss of forests in a region?
a) Industrialisation
b) Desertification
c) Deforestation
d) Conservation
34. Which tribal community of Rajasthan is known for wildlife conservation?
a) Bhils
b) Santals
c) Bishnois
d) Gonds
35. Which of the following is not a feature of a national park?
a) Grazing is allowed
 b) No human interference
c) Conserves flora and fauna
d) Set up by government
36. Species found only in a particular area are called:
a) Rare species
b) Endemic species
c) Exotic species
d) Threatened species
37. Which of the following is a major threat to wildlife?
a) Pollution
b) Deforestation
c) Poaching
d) All of these
38. Wildlife sanctuaries are meant for:
a) Industrial development
b) Housing projects
c) Protecting animals in their natural habitat
d) Agriculture
39. Which animal is specifically protected under Project Elephant?
a) African elephant
b) Indian elephant
c) Mammoth
d) Rhinoceros
40. The loss of biodiversity in India is mainly due to:
a) Forest fires
b) Shifting cultivation
c) Human activities
d) Overgrazing
41. Which state in India has the highest forest cover (in area)?
a) Assam
b) Madhya Pradesh
c) Kerala
d) Uttarakhand
42. Biodiversity includes:
a) Humans only
b) Animals only
c) All living organisms
d) Trees only
43. Which of the following is not a threatened category of species under IUCN
classification?
a) Endangered
b) Vulnerable
c) Rare
d) Domestic
44. Which species is a result of introduction by humans?
a) Endemic
b) Exotic
c) Threatened
d) Rare
 45. The destruction of forests leads to:
a) Soil conservation
b) Pollution reduction
c) Loss of habitat
d) Groundwater recharge
46. The purpose of conservation is to:
a) Maximise resource use
b) Preserve resources for future
c) Urbanise forest areas
d) Increase mining
47. The Kaziranga National Park is famous for:
a) Tigers
b) Lions
c) One-horned rhinoceros
d) Snow leopards
48. Which movement in India is considered the earliest people's forest conservation
movement?
a) Appiko Movement
b) Chipko Movement
c) Jungle Bachao Andolan
d) Narmada Bachao Andolan
49. In-situ conservation refers to:
a) Outside natural habitat
b) Inside laboratories
c) Within natural habitat
d) Through artificial reproduction
50. Biodiversity hot spots are:
a) Places with polluted air
b) Regions with large number of species
c) Industrial zones
d) Areas with desertification

Class 10 CBSE Geography – Chapter 3:

Water Resources
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered with water?

a) 29%
b) 51%
c) 71%
d) 81%
2. Freshwater accounts for approximately what percent of total water on Earth?
a) 10%
b) 2.5%
c) 20%
d) 50%
3. Which one of the following is the main source of freshwater?
a) Oceans
b) Ice sheets and glaciers
c) Groundwater and surface water
d) Water vapour
4. Water scarcity occurs mainly due to:
a) Excessive rainfall
b) Abundant rivers
c) Over-exploitation and unequal access
d) Lack of groundwater
5. Which of the following is not a factor responsible for water scarcity?
a) Population growth
b) Over-irrigation
c) Sustainable water use
d) Industrialisation
6. The highest percentage of freshwater is stored in:
a) Rivers
b) Glaciers and ice caps
c) Lakes
d) Groundwater
7. Water stress occurs when per capita availability of water is less than:
a) 2000 cubic meters
b) 1500 cubic meters
c) 1000 cubic meters
d) 500 cubic meters
8. Which state faces severe water scarcity due to over-extraction of groundwater?
a) Rajasthan
b) Kerala
c) West Bengal
d) Assam
9. Multipurpose river valley projects are known as:
a) Eco-parks
b) Temples of modern India
c) Historical monuments
d) Scientific centres
10. Which leader described dams as “Temples of Modern India”?
a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Subhash Chandra Bose
c) Jawaharlal Nehru
d) Sardar Patel
11. Which of the following is not a purpose of multipurpose projects?
a) Irrigation
b) Hydroelectricity
c) Mining
d) Flood control
12. Hirakud Dam is built on which river?
a) Krishna
b) Mahanadi
c) Godavari
d) Yamuna
13. Tehri Dam is located in which state?
a) Bihar
b) West Bengal
c) Uttarakhand
d) Maharashtra
14. Which of these is a benefit of dams?
a) Submergence of villages
b) Large scale displacement
c) Electricity generation
d) Loss of flora and fauna
15. Which river is associated with the Bhakra Nangal Project?
a) Beas
b) Ganga
c) Sutlej
d) Chambal
16. Which dam is built across the Narmada River?
a) Hirakud Dam
b) Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
c) Sardar Sarovar Dam
d) Tehri Dam
17. Which of the following is not an adverse effect of large dams?
a) Displacement of people
b) Flood control
c) Environmental imbalance
d) Loss of biodiversity
18. The water stored in dams is used for:
a) Transporting minerals
b) Hydropower production
c) Seaport development
d) Mining operations
19. Traditional method of water conservation in Rajasthan is:
a) Step wells
b) Tanks
c) Rooftop rainwater harvesting
d) Check dams
20. The water-harvesting structure in Himachal Pradesh is known as:
a) Khadin
b) Kulhs
c) Johads
d) Baolis
21. The Johads are found in which state?
a) Rajasthan
b) Maharashtra
c) Punjab
d) Kerala
22. “Khadin” system of water harvesting is practiced in:
a) Gujarat
b) Punjab
c) Rajasthan
d) Odisha
23. The tankas are traditional rainwater storage in:
a) Assam
b) West Bengal
c) Rajasthan
d) Himachal Pradesh
24. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is most common in which city?
a) Mumbai
b) Chennai
c) Delhi
d) Kolkata
25. Water conservation includes:
a) Wasting water
b) Polluting water
c) Harvesting rainwater
d) Overdrawing groundwater
26. Which type of irrigation causes water logging and salinity?
a) Drip irrigation
b) Sprinkler irrigation
c) Flood irrigation
d) Tank irrigation
27. Which multipurpose project faced criticism for displacing tribals?
a) Hirakud Project
b) Bhakra Nangal Project
c) Sardar Sarovar Project
d) Nagarjuna Sagar Project
28. Which project is located on the river Krishna?
a) Sardar Sarovar
b) Nagarjuna Sagar
c) Hirakud
d) Bhakra Nangal
29. A major reason for water scarcity in urban areas is:
a) Small rivers
b) Low rainfall
c) Leaking pipelines and wastage
d) Dense forests
30. The underground water table is falling mainly due to:
a) Less rainfall
b) Controlled water use
c) Over-extraction
d) River pollution
31. Which river flows through the Hirakud Dam?
a) Mahanadi
b) Godavari
c) Krishna
d) Ganga
32. “Baolis” were used in ancient times for:
a) Flooding fields
b) Storing water
c) Transporting goods
d) Mining
33. Water harvesting in hilly regions is called:
a) Johads
b) Khadins
c) Tankas
d) Kulhs
34. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates the areas of:
a) Punjab
b) Rajasthan
c) Bihar
d) Assam
35. The major aim of multipurpose projects is:
a) Only drinking water supply
b) Water conservation for multiple uses
c) Promoting industries
d) Constructing roads
36. Which is not an objective of rainwater harvesting?
a) Reduce flooding
b) Increase groundwater level
c) Soil erosion
d) Water storage
37. Name the traditional water harvesting system of Gujarat:
a) Tankas
b) Baolis
c) Johads
d) Khadins
38. Which region uses bamboo pipes for water distribution?
a) Maharashtra
b) Assam
c) Rajasthan
d) Punjab
39. Sustainable water management aims at:
a) Depleting resources
b) Wasteful use
c) Conservation for future
d) Over-extraction
40. Large dams often submerge:
a) Deserts
b) Forests and villages
c) Urban areas only
d) Industrial zones only
41. Traditional irrigation is mostly dependent on:
a) Pipes
b) Rivers and tanks
c) Electricity
d) Machines
42. Which is not a benefit of rainwater harvesting?
a) Recharging wells
b) Reducing floods
c) Water scarcity reduction
d) Causing drought
43. The Bhakra Nangal dam is built across the river:
a) Ganga
b) Yamuna
c) Sutlej
d) Mahanadi
44. What term describes water which is safe to drink?
a) Polluted water
b) Saline water
c) Potable water
d) Stagnant water
45. Excessive irrigation can cause:
a) Soil fertility improvement
b) Water logging
c) Higher yields always
d) Climate change directly
46. Which state has implemented rooftop rainwater harvesting successfully?
a) Tamil Nadu
b) Punjab
c) Haryana
d) Uttar Pradesh
47. Multipurpose river valley projects sometimes lead to:
a) Only economic growth
b) Cultural development only
c) Displacement and ecological damage
d) No consequences
48. Small storage structures built in Rajasthan are called:
a) Tankas
b) Baolis
c) Kulhs
d) Wells
49. The phrase “Water is life” relates to:
a) Entertainment
b) Human existence
c) Military defence
d) Art and craft
50. The primary source of water on Earth is:
a) Seas
b) Icebergs
c) Rainfall
d) Rivers