Physics
Investigatory
Project
Electromagnetic Induction
AASHAZ ALI.K.N
XII-B
INDEX
S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 PRINCIPLE 2
3 INVENTION 2
4 FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 3
5 AIM 5
6 MATERIALS REQUIRED 5
7 PROCEDURE 5
8 OBSERVATION 6
9 RESULT 7
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 8
INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic induction is the
production of a potential difference (voltage) across a
conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field
causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction can
produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or
waves (in a radio transmitter). Finally it is refers to the
phenomenon where an emf is induced when the magnetic
flux linking a conductor changes. Magnetic Flux is defined as
the product of the magnetic flux density and the area normal
to the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar
quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).
PRINCIPLE
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic
field (or a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic
field) causes the production of a voltage across the
conductor. This process of electromagnetic induction, in turn,
causes an electrical current – it is said to induce the current
INVENTION
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of
induction in 1831 though it may have been anticipated by the
work of Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829. If magnetic flux
through a coil is altered then an e.m.f will be generated in
the coil. This effect was first observed and explained by
Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831. Faraday
discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either by, (a)
moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other by
(b) changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux in
some way.
FARADAY’S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (referred to as
Faraday’s law) is a basic law of electromagnetism predicting
how a magnetic field will interact with an electric circuit to
produce an electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon is
known as electromagnetic induction
Faraday’s law of induction explains the working principle of
transformers, motors, generators, and inductors. The law is
named after Michael Faraday, who performed an experiment
with a magnet and a coil. During Faraday’s experiment, he
discovered how EMF is induced in a coil when
❖ Faraday’s First Law
Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause
an emf to be induced in the coil. This emf induced is called
induced emf and if the conductor circuit is closed, the current
will also circulate through the circuit and this current is called
induced current.
Method to change the magnetic field:
1. By moving a magnet towards or away from the coil
2. By moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field
3. By changing the area of a coil placed in the magnetic
field
4. By rotating the coil relative to the magnet
❖ Faraday’s Second Law
It states that the magnitude of emf induced in the coil is
equal to the rate of change of flux that linkages with the coil.
The flux linkage of the coil is the product of the number of
turns in the coil and flux associated with the coil.
AIM
To study the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Magnetic bar, a galvanometer, coil and connecting wires.
PROCEDURE
• Take a coil of wire having a large number of turns.
• Connect the end of the coil to a galvanometer.
• Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole
into the coil and observe the changes in the
galvanometer needle.
• Repeat earlier step with the south pole of the bar
magnet.
• Now repeat the procedure with the coil having a
different number of turns and the variation in the
deflection of the galvanometer needle
OBSERVATIONS
• When we move the magnet in or out of the coil, the
needle of galvanometer gets deflected in different
directions.
• When we insert the North Pole (N) of bar magnet
into the coil, the deflection is towards right.
• When we insert the South Pole (S) of bar magnet
into the coil, the deflection is towards left.
• When we move the bar magnet in or out of the coil
with varying speed, the speed of deflection changes
accordingly
• As we increase the number of turns in the coil, the
deflection increases.
• Relative motion between magnet and coil induced
electric current in the coil.
RESULT
• The deflection of galvanometer needle indicates the
presence of current in the coil.
• The direction of deflection gives the direction of flow of
current.
• The speed of deflection gives the rate at which the
current is induced.
• The deflection in galvanometer changes with the change
in number of turns in the coil - more the number of
turns in the coil greater is the deflection.
• From this experiment, Faraday concluded that whenever
there is relative motion between a conductor and a
magnetic field, the flux linkage with a coil changes and
this change in flux induces a voltage across a coil.
BIBLIGRAPHY
• https://slideshare.net
• https://educatech.in
• https://electrical4u.com
• https://wikipedia.com
