IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND TOPICS
Important topics
UNIT 1: CONSTRUCTING TRUTH TABLE, PROVING TAUTOLOGY, PREDICATE CALCULUS
UNIT 2: MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION, INCLUSION-EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE, GENERATING
FUNCTIONS
UNIT 3: SHORTEST PATH ALGORITHM, VERIFYING ISOMORPHISM, VERIFYING EXISTENCE
OF EULER CIRCUITS AND PATHS
UNIT 4: CHI-SQUARE TEST FOR TESTING INDEPENDENCE OF ATTRIBUTES, t- test
UNIT5: H-test, U-test, Sign test
The problems mentioned below are just for practicing. Don’t expect same questions.
Study the concept well. For answers for these questions refer internal tests key answers.
1. (i) Construct the truth table for P Q R Q R P R . comment
on the statement.
(ii) Show that P Q P Q R P Q P R is a
tautology by using equivalences.
2. (i) Show that R S can be derived from the premises P Q S , R P and Q .
(ii) Prove that the premises P Q , Q R , R S , S R and P S are
inconsistent.
3. (i) Obtain the principal disjunctive and conjunctive normal forms of the formula
P R Q P .
(ii) Find PCNF and PDNF of P Q P P Q R .
4. (i) Show that the hypotheses, “It is not sunny this afternoon and it is colder than
yesterday”, “We will go swimming only if it sunny”, “If we do not go swimming
then we will take a canoe trip” and “If we take a canoe trip, then we will be home
by sunset” lead to the conclusion “ We will be home by sunset”.
(ii) Prove that 2 is irrational by giving a proof using contradiction.
5. (i) Use of rule of inference to prove that the premises “ A students in this class has
not read the book” and “ Everyone in this class passed the first exam” imply the
conclusion “Someone who passed the first exam has not read the book”
(ii) Prove that x P x Q x , x R x Q x x R x P x
6. (i) i) Show that the expression P Q P R Q R R is a tautology by
using truth table.
Without truth table find PCNF and PDNF of P Q P P Q R .
7. (i)Show that p q r and p q p r are logically equivalent.
(ii)Show that J S logically follows from the premises
P Q , Q R , R , P J S .
1. i) There are 250 students in an engineering college. Of these 188 have taken a course in Fortran,
100 have taken a course in C and 35 have taken a course in Java.Further 88 have taken a course
in both Fortran and C , 23 have taken a course in both C and Java and 29 have taken a course in
both Fortran and Java. If 19 of these students have taken all of these three courses, how many of
these 2500 students have not taken a course in any of these three courses.
(ii) Using generating function method solve the recurrence relation a n 2 2 a n 1 a n 2 ,
n
where n 0 , a0 2 , a1 1 .
2. n
n n 1 2 n 1
(i) Use mathematical induction to show that k
k 1
2
6
.
n2 2n 1
(ii) Prove by mathematical induction that 6 7 is divisible by 43 for each
positive integer n.
3. (i) State the strong induction. Prove that a positive integer greater than 1 is either a prime
number or it can be written as product of prime numbers.
(ii) Solve the recurrence relation a n 5 a n 1 6 a n 2 0 where a0 0 , a1 1 .
4. (i) Find the generating function of Fibonacci sequence F n F n 1 F n 2; n 2 with
F 0 F 1 1 .
(ii) A total of 1232 students have taken a course in Spanish, 879 have taken a course in
French and 114 have taken a course in Russian. Further, 103 have taken courses in
both Spanish and French, 23 have taken courses in both Spanish and Russian and 14
have taken courses in both French and Russian. If 2092 students have taken atleast
one of Spanish, French and Russian, how many students have taken a course in all
three languages?
5. (i) Find the number of integers between 1 to 250 that are not divisible by any of the
integers 2 , 3 , 5 and 7 .
(ii) Let m any odd positive integer, then prove that there exists a positive integer n such
that m divides 2 1 .
n
6. (i) Determine the number of positive integers n ,1 n 2000 that are not divisible by 2 , 3 or
5 but divisible by 7 .
(ii) Solve the recurrence relation an 3 a n 1 2 , n 1 with a0 1 , by the method of
generating function.
7. (i) Solve the recurrence relation a n 6 a n 1 9 a n 2 given that n 2, a0 2, a1 3 .
(ii) Using generating function solve an 3 an 1 n , n 1, a0 1 .
1. (i) Draw the complete graph K 5 with vertices A , B , C , D , E . Draw all complete sub
graph of K 5 with 4 vertices.
(ii) Prove that in any graph G , the number of vertices of odd degree is even.
2. (i) State and prove Hand Shaking theorem. Hence prove that for any simple graph G with n
n n 1
vertices, the number of edges of G is less than or equal to .
2
(ii) Determine which of the following graphs are bipartite and which are not. If a graph is
bipartite, state if it is completely bipartite.
3. (i) Find the shortest path for the following network using Dijkstra's algorithm
For a given edge weigthed graph
(ii) Prove that the maximum number of edges in a simple disconnected graph G with n
vertices and k components is
n k n k 1 .
2
4. (i) Determine whether the graphs G and H are isomorphic
For a given pair of graphs
5. (i) Prove that a given connected graph is Eulerian if and only if all the vertices of G are of
even degree.
(ii) Give an example of a graph which contains
(a)an Eulerian circuit that is also a Hamiltonian circuit.
(b) an Eulerian circuit and a Hamiltonian circuit that are distinct.
(c) an Eulerian circuit but not a Hamiltonian circuit.
(d) not an Eulerian circuit but a Hamiltonian circuit.
(e) neither Eulerian circuit nor a Hamiltonian circuit.
6. Find the shortest path from T to Y using Dijkstra’s algorithm in the following graph
7. (i)If G is a simple graph with n vertices with minimum degree greater than or equal to (n/2) prove
that G is connected
1. (i) In a random sample of 1000 people from city A 400 were found to be consumers of wheat. In
a sample of 800 from city B, 400 were found to be consumers of wheat. Does this data give a
significant difference between the two cities as far as the proportion of wheat consumers is
concerned?
(ii) The mean life time of sample of 100 light bulbs produced by a company is found to be 1580
hours with standard deviation of 90 hours. Test the hypothesis that the mean life time of all
bulbs produced by the company is 1600 hours.
2. (i) Eleven articles produced by a factory were chosen at random and their weights were found to
be (in kgs)63, 63,66,67,68,69,70,70,71,71 and 71 respectively. In the light of the above data,
can we assume that the mean weight of the articles produced by the factory is 66 kgs?
(ii) The respective heights of six randomly chosen sailors are (in inches) : 63,65,68,69,71, and
72 and those of 10 randomly chosen soldiers are 61,62,65,66,69,69,70,71,72 and 73. Can we
conclude that sailors are on the average taller than soldiers?
3. (i) On a particular proposal of national importance, Democrats and Republicans cast votes as
indicated in the table below:
In Favour Opposed Undecided
Democrats 85 78 37
Republicans 118 61 25
At 0.05 level of significance, test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the two
parties in so far as this proposal is concerned.
(ii) To determine whether there really is a relationship between an employees performance in
the company’s training program and his or her ultimate success in the job, the company takes
a sample of 40 cases from its very extensive files and obtains the results shown in the
following table:
Below Average Average above Average
Poor 23 60 29
Average 28 79 60
Very Good 9 49 63
Use the 0.01 level of significance to test the hull hypothesis that the performance in
the training program and success in the job are independent.
4. (i) Random samples drawn from two places gave the following data relating to the heights of
male adults:
Place A Place B
Mean height ( in inches) 68.5 65.5
SD (in inches) 2.5 3.0
No. of adult males in sample 1200 1500
Test whether the populations have same mean.
(ii) Eleven articles produced by a factory were chosen at random and their weights were found
to be (in kgs)63, 63,66,67,68,69,70,70,71,71 and 71 respectively. In the light of the above data,
can we assume that the mean weight of the articles produced by the factory is 66 kgs?
5. (i) Five coins are tossed 320 times. The number of heads appeared are given below:
Number of Heads 0 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 15 45 85 95 60 20
Examine whether the coin is unbiased. Use 5% level of significance.
(ii) Ten persons were appointed in the officer cadre in an office. Their performance was noted
by giving a test and the marks were recorded out of 100
Employee A B C D E F G H I J
Before training 80 76 92 60 70 56 74 56 70 56
After training 84 70 96 80 70 52 84 72 72 50
Is the training effective?
6. The theory predicts the proportion of beans in the 4 groups I,II, III,IV should be 9:3:3:1. In an
experiment with 1600 beans the numbers in the 4 groups were 882,313,287,118. Does the experimental
result support the theory?
In a large city A, 20% of a random sample of 900 school boys were consumers tea. In another large city,
18.5% of random sample of 1600 school boys were consumers of tea. Is the difference between the
proportions significant?
7. A quality control engineer suspects that the proportion of defective units among certain manufactured
items has increased from the set limit of 0.01. To test his claim, he randomly selected 100 of these items
and found that the proportion of defective units in the sample was 0.02. Test the engineer’s hypothesis at
0.05 level of significance.
A simple sample of heights of 6400 Englishmen has a mean of 170 cm with a standard deviation of 6.4
cm, while a simple sample of heights of Americans has a mean of 172 cm with a standard deviation of
6.3cm. Do the data indicate that Americans are on the average taller than Englishmen?
1. (i) A company’s trainees are randomly assigned to three groups which are taught a certain
industrial procedure by three different methods. At the end of the instruction period they are
tested for inspection quality. The following are their scores:
Method A: 80 83 79 85 90 68
Method B: 82 84 60 72 86 67 91
Method C: 93 77 78 88 65
Use H test to test whether the three methods are equally effective.
(ii) Apply Mann-Whitney U test to determine if there is a significant difference in the age
distribution of the two groups
Day College: 26 18 25 27 19 30 34 21 33 31
Evening College: 32 24 23 30 40 41 42 39 45 35
2. (i) Apply Mann-Whitney U test to determine if there is a significant difference in the age distribution of
the two groups
Day College: 26 18 25 27 19 30 34 21 33 31
Evening College: 32 24 23 30 40 41 42 39 45 35
(ii) Apply the K-S test to check that the observed frequencies match with the
expected frequencies which are obtained from Normal distribution.(Given at
n=5).
Test Score 51- 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-
60 100
Observed 30 100 440 500 130
Frequency
Expected 40 170 500 390 100
Frequency
3. (i) The following are the weight gains (in pounds) of two random samples of young persons fed
on two different diets but otherwise kept under identical conditions.
Diet I 16.3 10.1 10.7 13.5 14.9 11.8 14.3 10.2
12.0 14.7 23.6 15.1 14.5 18.4 13.2 14.0
21.3 23.8 15.4 19.6 12.0 13.9 18.8 19.2
Diet II
15.3 20.1 14.8 18.9 20.7 21.1 15.8 16.2
Use U test at 0.01 level of significance to test the null hypothesis that the two population
samples are identical against the alternative hypothesis that on the average the second diet
produces a greater gain in weight.
(ii) Manufacturer of biscuits uses a machine to insert randomly one of the two types of gifts in
each box. The manufacturer wants randomness so that every purchaser in the neighborhood
does not get the same gift. A sample of 50 successive boxes is chosen to see if the machine
is properly mixing the two types of gifts. The examination of these 50 boxes revealed the data
on gifts as follows (X and Y represent two different kinds of gifts).
XYYXXXYYYXXYYXYYXXXYYXXYX
YXYYXXXXYYXXYYXXXYXXYYYXX
4. The scores of a written examination of 24 students, who were trained by using three different
methods, are given below.
Video cassette A 74 88 82 93 55 70 65
Audio cassetteB 78 80 65 57 89 85 78 70
Class Room C 68 83 50 91 84 77 94 81 92
Use Krushkal-Wallis test at α=5% level of significance, whether the Three methods of training
yield the same results
5. The production volume of units assembled by three different operators during 9 shifts is
summarized below. Check whether there is significant difference between the production
volumes of units assembled by the three operators using Krushkal-Wallis test at a significant
level of 0.05.
34 20 32 45 42 24 35
23 25 44 37 34 19 38
41 48 27 39 28 46 15
6. i) Following are the amounts of sulphur oxide emitted by an industrial plant in 40 days:
24 15 20 29 19 18 22 25 27 9
17 20 17 6 24 14 15 23 24 26
19 23 28 19 16 22 24 17 20 13
19 10 23 18 31 13 20 17 24 14
Use sign test to test the hypothesis that at 0.01 level of significance.
(ii) Apply the K-S test to check that the observed frequencies match with the expected frequencies
which are obtained from Normal distribution.(Given at n=5).
Test Score 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100
Observed 30 100 440 500 130
Frequency
Expected 40 170 500 390 100
Frequency
7. (i) (ii) Manufacturer of biscuits uses a machine to insert randomly one of the two types of gifts in each
box. The manufacturer wants randomness so that every purchaser in the neighborhood does not get the
same gift. A sample of 50 successive boxes is chosen to see if the machine is properly mixing the two
types of gifts. The examination of these 50 boxes revealed the data on gifts as follows (X and Y
represent two different kinds of gifts).
XYYXXXYYYXXYYXYYXXXYYXXYX
YXYYXXXXYYXXYYXXXYXXYYYXX
(ii) Following are the amounts of sulphur oxide emitted by an industrial plant in 40 days:
24 15 20 29 19 18 22 25 27 9
17 20 17 6 24 14 15 23 24 26
19 23 28 19 16 22 24 17 20 13
19 10 23 18 31 13 20 17 24 14
Use sign test to test the hypothesis that at 0.01 level of significanc
