Percentage

Test Prep Simplified….

 Learning Objectives

 To convert Percentage to Fraction & Vice Versa

 What Percent More or Less%
 Concept of Successive Change
 Elections, Voters and Invalid Votes
 Questions of Price, Consumption & Expenditure
 Practice of Some Actual paper Qs

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Q1. Find 20% of 730

(Cncp: Finding X%)

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Q2. Find 8% of 250

(Cncp: Finding X%)

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Q3. A student obtained 75% marks in a certain
examination. If the maximum marks is 500 find the
total marks obtained by her.

(Cncp: Finding X%)

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Q4. M is 80% of N. N is what percent of M?

(Cncp: Finding X%)

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Divide the percent by 100 to convert it into a fraction.

Q5. Convert the following percentages to fractions.

75% 80% 12 ½% 33 1/3% 25%

A) 3/4,4/5,1/8,1/3,1/4
B) 3/4,4/7,1/8,1/3,1/4
C) 3/4,4/5,3/8,1/3,1/4
D) 3/4,4/5,5/8,1/3,1/4

(Cncp: Convert % to Fraction)

Test Prep Simplified….

Multiply the fraction by 100 to convert it into a percent.

Q6. Convert the following fractions to percentages:

6/5 1/20 1/25 4/5

A) 120,5,4,80 B) 120,6,4,80
C) 120,5,4,75 D) 120,5,5,80

(Cncp: Convert Fraction to %)

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Q7. Convert the following decimals to percentages:

0.875 0.75 0.25 0.2

A) 87.5,75,25,20 B) 87.5,70,25,20
C) 85.5,75,25,20 D) 87.5,75,25,24

(Cncp: Convert Decimal to %)

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 Percentage Increase (x % more)
 A 10% increase makes everything 1.1 times.
 A 20% increase makes everything 1.2 times.
 A 30% increase makes everything 1.3 times.

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 Percentage Decrease (x % less)
 A 10% decrease makes everything 0.9 times.
 A 20% decrease makes everything 0.8 times.
 A 30% decrease makes everything 0.7 times.

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Q8. The salary of an employee increased by 20 %. If his
salary was Rs. 72,000 after the increase, find the
original salary (in Rs.).

1. 60,000 2. 86,600
3. 52,000 4. 65,000

(Cncp: Increase/Decrease by X%)

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Q9. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more
than a third number. First number is what percent of
the second?

(Cncp: Increase/Decrease by X%)

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Class Exercise – I from PDF

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 The basic formula of 100 × R/(100+R)

If A’s income is R % more than B, then B’s income is less

R
than that of A by 100  100  R
%.

The basic formula of 100 × R/(100-R)

If A’s income is R% less than B, then B’s income is more

R
than that of A by 100  100  R
%.

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Q10. Ram’s income is 20% less than Shyam’s income.
How much percentage is Shyam’s income more
than Ram’s income?

(Cncp: R % more or less)

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Q11. The price of a product is increased by 25%, by what
percent the consumption should be decreased so
that the expenditure remains the same?

(Cncp: R % more or less)

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Q12. A number is decreased by 40%, then this number is
increased by 40%. What is the net change in the
number?

(Cncp : Same % increase/Decrease)

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Q13. A number is increased by 20%, then this is
decreased by 10%. Find the net percentage change
in the number.

(Cncp: Successive Change)

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Q14. Fresh Grapes contain 90% water by weight. Dried
grapes contain 20% water by weight. What will be
the weight of dried grapes, when we begin with 20
kg of fresh grapes?

1. 2 kg 2. 2.4 kg
3. 2.5 kg 4. None of these

(Cncp: Percentage : Advanced)

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Q. Fresh Grapes contain 90% water by weight. Dried grapes contain 20% water
by weight. What will be the weight of dried grapes, when we begin with 20 kg
of fresh grapes?

1. 2 kg
2. 2.4 kg
3. 2.5 kg
4. None of these

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Q15. An increase of 30% in the price of apples compels a
man to buy 6 kg less for Rs.300. Find the increased
price per kg.

(Cncp: Price, Quantity, Expenses)

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Q. An increase of 30% in the price of apples enables a man to buy 6 kg less for
Rs.300. Find the increased price per kg.

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Class Exercise – II from PDF

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Q16. The price of a commodity is increased by 20%. By
what percent its consumption should be reduced, so
that the total expenditure increases by 8%?

(Cncp: Price, Quantity, Expenses)

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Q17. In a 300 litres mixture there is 10% water. How
much more water should be added so that it
becomes 25% of the total mixture?

(Cncp: Miscellaneous %)

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Q18. A gets 28% marks in an exam & fails by 18 marks. B
gets 41% in the same examination & has 21 marks
more than required to pass. Find the maximum
marks.

(Cncp: Miscellaneous %)

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Q19. At an election a candidate won the election by a
majority of 24,000 votes, while 10 % of the voters
did not vote and he had a clear support of 48 % of
the entire list. How many voters are there?

(Cncp: % Votes Questions)

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Q. At an election a candidate won the election by a majority of 24,000 votes,
while 10 % of the voters did not vote and he had a clear support of 48 % of the
entire list. How many voters are there?

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Q20. After receiving two successive raises, Ahmed’s
salary becomes 75/40 times of his original salary.
By what percent his salary has been increased the
first time, if the second rise in percentage was twice
as compared to the first rise in percentage?

1. 20% 2. 25% 3. 30% 4. 50%

(Cncp: Successive Change)

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Q. After receiving two successive raises, Ahmed’s salary becomes 75/40
times of his original salary. By what percent his salary has been
increased the first time, if the second rise in percentage was twice as
compared to the first rise in percentage?

1. 20% 2. 25% 3. 30% 4. 50%

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Q21. Raju bought a total of 560 kg of Wheat, Rice and
Pulses in the ratio 3 : 4 : 1 respectively. After 60% of
Wheat, 45% of Rice and 20% of Pulses are sold, the
total weight of the remaining items is what percent
of the initial total weight of rice and pulses?

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Q. Raju bought a total of 560 kg of Wheat, Rice and Pulses in the ratio 3 :
4 : 1 respectively. After 60% of Wheat, 45% of Rice and 20% of Pulses
are sold, the total weight of the remaining items is what percent of the
initial total weight of rice and pulses?

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Q22. A man distributes 10%, 18% and 22% of his salary
to his three children who spend 40%, 60% and 25%
of that amount respectively. The difference between
the total amount left with the children and the man is
Rs. 1015. What is the salary of the man?

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Q. A man distributes 10%, 18% and 22% of his salary to his three children
who spend 40%, 60% and 25% of that amount respectively. The
difference between the total amount left with the children and the man
is Rs. 1015. What is the salary of the man?

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Q23. Abhimanyu’s monthly salary in 2014 was Rs. 32000.
Due to his good performance, his monthly salary
was increased by 20% and 10% in the year 2015
and 2016, respectively with respect to the previous
year. Further, there was a provision of deducting 5%
of the salary as tax if the salary crosses Rs 40000 in
a month. Find the monthly salary of Abhimanyu in
the year 2016 after deducing the tax.

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Q. Abhimanyu’s monthly salary in 2014 was Rs. 32000. Due to his good
performance, his monthly salary was increased by 20% and 10% in the
year 2015 and 2016, respectively with respect to the previous year.
Further, there was a provision of deducting 5% of the salary as tax if
the salary crosses Rs 40000 in a month. Find the monthly salary of
Abhimanyu in the year 2016 after deducing the tax.

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Q24. The maximum marks of paper A, C, D and E are
50%, 75%, 60% and 125% respectively of the
maximum marks of paper B. The score obtained in
A, B, C, D and E is in the ratio 6 : 14 : 12 : 9 : 21.
The total percentage score of A and B together is
60%. What is the aggregate percentage score of all
the papers?

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Q. The maximum marks of paper A, C, D and E are 50%, 75%, 60% and
125% respectively of the maximum marks of paper B. The score
obtained in A, B, C, D and E is in the ratio 6 : 14 : 12 : 9 : 21. The total
percentage score of A and B together is 60%. What is the aggregate
percentage score of all the papers?

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Q25. There are two slabs of income tax, 9% tax for
income up to 3lakh and 12.5% for income above 3
lakh. Arun tried to evade tax by hiding some of the
income, to fall in the 9% tax slab. The amount hid by
Arun is 9/44 of the original taxable income. If Arun
paid Rs. 25,200 as tax, what is the original amount
of tax he had to pay?

Test Prep Simplified….

Q. There are two slabs of income tax, 9% tax for income up to 3lakh and
12.5% for income above 3 lakh. Arun tried to evade tax by hiding some
of the income, to fall in the 9% tax slab. The amount hid by Arun is 9/44
of the original taxable income. If Arun paid Rs. 25,200 as tax, what is
the original amount of tax he had to pay?

Test Prep Simplified….

Q26. A person gives x% of his salary in rent, 15% in
electricity, (2x+4) % in shopping and rest are his
savings. His savings are 140% more than his
expenditure on rent. What is the value of x?

Test Prep Simplified….

Q. A person gives x% of his salary in rent, 15% in electricity, (2x+4) % in
shopping and rest are his savings. His savings are 140% more than his
expenditure on rent. What is the value of x?

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Q27. A person spends 50/3% of his income on food, 17%
of the remaining part on education and 23% on
travelling, 10% of the remaining part on house rent
and remaining part he deposited in savings account.
Find the ratio of total income and total expenditure.

Test Prep Simplified….

Q. A person spends 50/3% of his income on food, 17% of the remaining
part on education and 23% on travelling, 10% of the remaining part on
house rent and remaining part he deposited in savings account. Find
the ratio of total income and total expenditure.

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Q28. The bacterial growth, in an experiment, increases by
27% in the 1st year of observation and by 20% in
the subsequent year, then the ratio of number of
bacteria at the end of 1st year to the end of 2nd year
is

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Q. The bacterial growth, in an experiment, increases by 27% in the 1st
year of observation and by 20% in the subsequent year, then the ratio
of number of bacteria at the end of 1st year to the end of 2nd year is

Test Prep Simplified….

 Test Prep Simplified….

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 Answer key
Q.no Key Q. no Key Q. no Key
1. 146 11. 20% 21. 84%
2. 20 12. 16% 22. Rs. 5000
decrease
3. 375 13. 8% inc 23. Rs. 40128
4. 125% 14. 3rd option 24. 68.05%
st
5. 1 option 15. Rs 15/kg 25. Rs. 44000
6. 1st option 16. 10% 26. X=15
7. 1st option 17. 60 ltr 27. 20:11
st
8. 1 opt 18. 300 28. 5:6
9. 80% 19. 400,000
10. 25% 20. 2nd option
 Explanation
Q1: 20 % of 730 = 73  2 = 146
Q2: 8 % of 250 = 8  2.5 = 20
Q3: 75 % of 500 = ¾ (500) = 375
Q4: Let N = 100, then M = 80. So N is 125 % of M.
Q5:
75% 80% 12 ½% 33 1/3% 25%
¾ 4/5 1/8 1/3 1/4
Q6:
6/5 1/20 1/25 4/5
120 % 5% 4% 80%
Q7:
0.875 0.75 0.25
 87.5 % 75% 25%
Q8: Let original salary = x, then 1.2 x = 72000. x = 60000.

Q9: Let the third number = 100. First number = 120

Second number = 150. Required percentage is 100  120/150 =
80%.

Q10: Let Shyam’s income is Rs. 100. So Ram’s income is Rs. 80.
Required percentage is 20/80 ×100 % = 25%.
Else apply the formula of 100  R/(100 – R) directly and get the
required answer.

Q11: 25 – x – 25x/100 = 0, - 25 = 5/4 of x, x = - 20%

Q12: Let the number is 100, first it becomes 60 then it becomes 84. So
there is a 16% decrease or you can apply the formula of r 2/100 %
directly.
Q13: Let the number is 100, first it becomes 120, then it becomes 108.
So 8 % increase.

Q14. Quantity of water in 20 kg Fresh Grapes = 90% of 20 = 18 kg.

Hence 20 – 18 = 2kg is the quantity of pulp. ATQ, 80% of Dried
Grapes is pulp which is calculated as 2 kg. So 80% of Dried
Grapes = 2. Hence weight of Dried Grapes = 2/0.8 = 2.5 kg. So
3rd option.

Q15: 30% of 300 = new price of 6 kg of apples. 90/6 = Rs. 15 is new

price of apples per kg.

Q16: Let consumption should be reduced by x %. So

20 – x – 20x/100 = 8  -12 = 6/5 of x, so x = 10 %.
Q17: Out of 300 litres there is 10% water i.e. 300 × 10/100 = 30 litres.
Say x litres of water is added. Now the total quantity of water is
30 + x, which should be 25% of the new total. Thus 30 + x =
25/100 (300 + x)  x = 60 litres.
Q18: Let maximum marks = x. So 0.28 x + 18 = 0.41 x – 21. Hence
0.13 x = 39  x = 300.

Q19. Let the total number of eligible voters be x. The winner is having
0.48x and he wins by a majority of 24000 votes, so the loser gets
0.48x – 24000.
The equation becomes 0.48x + 0.48x – 24000 = 0.90x, so 0.06x
= 24000. Hence x = 400000.

Q20. Let the original salary be 40 and the new salary after two raises is
75. Now as per the statement of the given question, let the first
raise be R%, them the second raise will be 2R%. Make the
equation 40 
 100  R 100  2R
40    75
100 100
 10000  100 R  200 R  2R 2  250 75  2R 2  300 R  8750  0
 R2 + 150R – 4375 = 0, Factorizing you get (R + 175)(R – 25) =
0, R = 25. Thus 1st option is the answer.

Q21. Total weight = 560kg. Ratio of Wheat : Rice : Pulses = 3 : 4 : 1

So Wheat = 210 kg, Rice = 280 kg, Pulses = 70 kg. As 60%
wheat, 45% rice and 20% pulses are sold, Remaining = 40%
Wheat, 55% Rice and 80% Pulses
Weight of remaining wheat = 84 kg, Rice = 154 kg, Pulses = 56
kg
Total weight of the remaining items = (84 + 154 + 56) kg = 294kg
Required % = (294 × 100)/(280 + 70) = 84%
Q22. Let the salary of the man be 1000k. Let the children be X, Y and
Z
Total money received by the children = 100k + 180k + 220k =
500k
Money spent by X 40% = 40k, by Y 60% = 108k, by Z 25% = 55k.
Hence money left = 60k + 72k + 165k = 297k. Money left with the
man = 500k
Difference = 500k – 297k = 203k  203k = 1015  k = 5
Hence salary of man = 1000k = Rs. 5000

Q23. Monthly salary of Abhimanyu in 2014 = Rs. 32000. Monthly

salary of Abhimanyu in 2015 = Rs. 32000 × 1.2 = Rs. 38400.
Monthly salary of Abhimanyu in 2016 = Rs. 38400 × 1.1 = Rs.
42240. Since his monthly salary crosses Rs. 40000, so monthly
salary of Abhimanyu in the year 2016 after deducting the tax =
0.95 × 42240 = Rs. 40128
Q24. Let the maximum marks of B = 200k. So maximum marks of A =
100k, C = 150k and D = 120k and E = 250k. Total maximum
marks of all five = 820k
Scores obtained in A, B, C, D and E are in the ratio 6 : 14 : 12 : 9
: 21
Let the score in A = 6z, B = 14z, C = 12z, D = 9z and E=21z
Total obtained score of all five papers = 62z
Total percentage score in A and B = (20z × 100)/300k = 60  z =
9k
Aggregate percentage score of all papers = (62z × 100)/820k =
(62 × 9k × 100)/820k = 68.05%

Q25. Tax paid = 25200 (9% of the taxable income). So Income on

which he paid tax = (25200 × 100)/9 = 280000. Let his original
taxable income = x. Amount hid = 9/44 of original taxable income.
Hence taxable income = 35x/44. So 35x/44 = 280000. Hence
Original Taxable income x = (44 × 280000)/35 = Rs. 352000
 Original amount of tax that he had to pay = 12.5% × 352000 =
Rs. 44000

Q26. Let the salary be 100k. Rent = x% of 100k = xk

Savings = (100 – x – 15 – 2x – 4)% of 100k = (81 – 3x)k
As per the question, (81 – 3x)k = (24/10) × xk
 x = 15

Q27. Let his income is Re. 1. He spends 50/3% or 1/6 × 1 = 1/6 on

food. Remaining income = 1 – 1/6 = 5/6. He spends 17 + 23 =
40% on education and travelling. Hence amount spent on
education and travelling = 5/6 × 0.4 = 1/3. Hence amount saved =
5/6 – 1/3 = ½. He spent 10% of this on rent. So amount spent on
rent = ½ × 0.1 = 1/20. So money deposited in savings account =
½ - 1/20 = 9/20. So total expenditure = 1 – 9/20 = 11/20. Hence
required ratio = 1 : 11/20 = 20 : 11
Q28. Let the number of bacteria in the beginning of experiment be ‘x’.
At the end of 1st year, number of bacteria = x + (27% of x) = x +
0.27x = 1.27x
Then, by the end of 2nd year, number of bacteria = 1.27x + (20%
of 1.27x) = 1.27x + 0.254x = 1.524x. Ratio of bacteria at the end
of 1st year to 2nd year = 1.27x : 1.524x = 1270 : 1524 = 635 : 762
=5:6