Homework #8

1./ A linear restoring force F=-Dx is acting on a particle of 1 kg. The constant of the spring is D=0.25 N/cm. The initial conditions are as follows: at t=0 s, xo=20 cm and vo=2.83 m/s. a./ Find the frequency, the amplitude and the phase constant. b./ Determine the displacement as a function of time. 2./ The amplitudes of two unidirectional oscillatory motion are the same, namely A=8cm. The phase constants are zero. The periods are: T1=0.0200 s and T2=0.0192 s. a./ Find the amplitude of the resultant motion. b./ Determine the frequency of the beat. 3./ Two loads with identical masses are attached to a spring hanging vertically. Suddenly one of the loads falls down. What is the amplitude and period of the harmonic motion of the other load? 4./ A mass of 0.2 kg attached to a spring of force constant D=5 N/m performs a damped oscillatory motion. Its energy decreases to its value of 1/e during 50 s. a./ What is the frequency? b./ With what percent will the amplitude decrease on course of 10 period? 5./ A mass of 0.1 kg is attached to a spring of D=1000 N/m. We want to determine the damping factor therefore the mass is exposed to a forced oscillation with a maximum force of Fo=10 N. Continously changing the frequency, the amplitude is measured 40 cm at the natural frequency. a./ Find the static elongation. b./ What is the phase difference between the displacement and external force when the frequency is equal to the half of the natural frequency? 6./ Two tuning forks are operating simultaneously. 15 beats are observed during 5 s. The frequency of one of the tuning forks is 440 Hz. Determine the frequency of the other tuning fork. 7./ Two harmonic oscillations have the same frequency and amplitude but the oscillating directions are perpendicular to each other. The phase difference is /3. Find the resultant oscillation. 8./ A body is oscillating under influence of two unidirectional harmonic oscillations. The amplitudes and phase constants are A1=3 cm; A2=5 cm and 1=/6; 2=/6, respectively. a./ Determine the resultant amplitude. b./ Find the resultant phase constant.

Solution #8 1./ Use the formulas x=Acos( t+) and v=-Asin(t+) as well as =(D/m) 1/2 and consider the initial conditions: f=0.8s; A=0.6m; =-1.23 rad. So: x=0.6cos(5t-1.23) 2./ The resultant oscillation is:

x = 2 A cos

1 2 2 t sin 1 t . From this the resultant 2 2

amplitude is 2A=0.16 cm and the beat is f1-f2=2 Hz. 3./ At the position of equilibrium it can be written: Dx=mg. The amplitude is 1 cm because the position of equilibrium is 1-cm distance from the unelongated position. Use the formulas =(D/m) 1/2 and T=2/. From these: T=0.2 s.

4./ In case of damped oscillations: At=Aoe- t where Ao is the initial amplitude and is the damping factor and t is the time. The energy is: Et=Eoe-2t. So 0.01 1/s. For the angular frequency: 2=o2-2, but as <<o, so approximately =o=(D/m) 1/2. From these: T 1.26 s and f 0.8 Hz. So the amplitude decreases by 12%. 5./ In case of forced oscillation (where the external force is: F=Focost) the amplitude is: a./

A=

Fo m ( ) + 4
2 2 o 2 2 2

. From this the static elongation: Astat= =0.01m m 2

o

Fo

b./ At =o it can be written: A=Fo/(2mo). From this: =1.25 1/s. After this use the formula

tg =

2 2 = o
2

-0.0166. From this: =179o. 6./ As 3 beats are during 1 s therefore the frequency in question are 443 Hz or 437 Hz. 7./ The axis of x and y of the coordinate frame should be placed in the direction of component oscillations. So x=sint and y=sin(t-

). After the elimination of t we 3

can get the equation of trajectory: x2+y2-xy=3/4. This is the equation of an ellipse having its centre in the origin and the minor axis as well as the major axis of the ellipse are not on the "x" and "y" axis. 8./ Let's represent the amplitudes as complex vectors on the complex number plane. Plotting the resultant vector and using the law of cosines we can get: a./ Ares=7 cm b./ res=-8.2o.