REPORTED SPEECH (Estilo indirecto) Hay dos formas de repetir lo que alguien ha dicho: a)Estilo Directo_______ She said,

"I'm waiting here" De esta forma repetimos literalmente las palabras del hablante. b)Estilo Indirecto_____ She said she was waiting there. De esta forma mantenemos el mensaje realizando una serie de cambios. 1. CAMBIOS VERBALES - Si el verbo introductor est en Presente Simple o Presente Perfecto,

el tiempo de la forma indirecta no cambia. Ex.He says:"Bob is an actor"__ He says that Bob is an actor He has said:"Bob is blind"__ He has said that Bob is blind

Si

el

verbo

introductor

est

en

Pasado

Simple

se

producen

los

siguientes cambios verbales en la forma indirecta: Simple Present_____________________ Simple Past Ex.She said,"They live in New York" She said that they lived in New York Present Continuous_________________ Past Continuous Ex.We answered, "We are composing a new melody" We answered that we were composing a new melody" Simple Past_________________________ Past Perfect Ex.He said, "I arrived at the concert early" He said that he had arrived at the concert early Past Continuous______________________ Past Continuous Ex.Sheila said, "I was joking" Sheila said that she was joking Present Perfect_______________________ Past Perfect Ex.He said, "I have bought a new guitar" He said that he had bought a new guitar

Simple Future______________________ Simple conditional Ex.I said, "I won't buy the record-player" I said that I wouldn't buy the record-player

- Algunos verbos auxiliares-modales tambin sufren cambios: can______________________________ could Ex.He said, "They can help you" He said that they could help you must_____________________________ had to Ex.I thought, "I must hurry up" I thought that I had to hurry up have to__________________________ had to Ex.They said, "You have to fill in a form" They said that you had to fill in a form may______________________________ might Ex.I said, "She may be out" I said that she might be out WOULD, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, MIGHT, COULD generalmente no cambian. 2. CAMBIOS DE LOS PRONOMBRES PERSONALES Y LOS POSESIVOS Generalmente stos cambian de 1 a 3 persona, excepto cuando el que habla se refiere a lo que l mismo ha dicho. I_________________________ he/she We________________________ they My________________________ his/her Our_______________________ their Mine______________________ his/hers Ours_____________________ theirs 3. CAMBIOS DE LOS DEMOSTRATIVOS This______________________ that These_____________________ those Ex.She said, "I will buy these"

She said that she would buy those 4. CAMBIOS DE LOS ADVERBIOS O EXPRESIONES ADVERBIALES today_______________ yesterday___________ last year/week...___ tomorrow____________ next year/week...___ here________________ that day, yesterday the day before the previous year/the week before the next/following day the following year/week... there

Ex. She said, "I went to Liverpool last week "

She said that she had gone to Liverpool the week before

ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES ENUNCIATIVAS (Statements) Verbo introductor + (that) + Sujeto + Verbo Los verbos introductores ms frecuentes para estas oraciones son: say, tell y answer. El ms utilizado cuando se menciona la persona a la que se dirige el mensaje es tell. Ex.He told me (that) he could help me He said to me( " ) " " " " "that" suele omitirse. OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: accept, admit, agree, announce, answer apologise, beg, complain, declare explain inform, insist, mention, offer, remind, reply, state. ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS (Questions) Los verbos introductores ms frecuentes son: ask, inquire, want to know, wonder... a)Yes/no questions Verbo introductor + IF + Sujeto + Verbo Ex.She asked me: "Have you got a trumpet?" She asked me if I had got a trumpet b) Wh- questions

Verbo introductor + wh-word + Sujeto + Verbo

Ex.She asked me: "Where are the fans?" She wanted to know where the fans were OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: enquire, question, request, wonder, want to know ESTILO INDIRECTO: ORACIONES IMPERATIVAS (Commands) Los verbos introductores ms comunes son: tell, order, command, ask... V. introduc.+ persona a quien se da la orden + infinitivo Ex. She said: "Put on your coat, Bob" She told Bob to put on his coat He said: "Don't smoke" He told them not to smoke OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: order, shout, demand, warn ESTILO INDIRECTO: SUGERENCIAS (Suggestions) Las sugerencias se pasan al estilo indirecto de dos formas: Oracin de complemento directo: V. introduc.+ that + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to Ex. Lets take the bus! He suggested that we take the bus

Gerundio (sin especificar ningn sujeto): V. Introductor + Gerundio Ex. Lets start tomorrow! She suggested starting the following day

OTROS VERBOS INTRODUCTORES: advise, suggest, recommend, invite

RESUMEN
- Statements: Verbo introductor + (that) + Sujeto + Verbo

Yes/No questions: - Questions Wh- questions:

Verbo introductor + IF + Sujeto + Verbo

Verbo introductor + wh-word + Sujeto + Verbo

- Commands:

V. introduc.+ persona a quien se da la orden + infinitivo (to / not to)

V. Introductor + Gerundio - Suggestions: V. introduc.+ that + Sujeto + (not)infinitivo sin to