LUANVAN

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PHAN I: GII THIEU CHUNG

CHNG I: S LC VE HE THONG BAO CHAY VA IEU KHIEN
A. HE THONG BAO CHAY: I. CACH NHAN BIET VA BAO CHAY: Khi mot am chay xay ra, nhng vung chay thng co nhng dau hieu sau: La, khoi, vat lieu cho chay b pha huy. Nhiet o vung chay tang len cao. Khong kh b Oxy hoa manh. Co mui chay, mui khet. e e phong chay chung ta co the da vao nhng dau hieu tren e at cac he thong cam bien lam cac thiet b bao chay. Kp thi khong che am chay giai oan au. Thiet b bao chay ien t giup chung ta lien tuc theo doi e han che cac vu chay tai hai, tang cng o an toan, bnh yen cho moi ngi. II. CAC BO PHAN CHNH: 1. Cam bien: Cam bien la bo phan het sc quan trong, no quyet nh o nhay va s chnh xac cua he thong. Cam bien hoat ong da vao cac at tnh vat ly cua vat lieu cau tao nen chung. Cam bien c dung e chuyen oi cac tn hieu vay ly sang tn hieu ien. Cac ac tnh cua cam bien: o nhay, o on nh, o tuyen tnh.
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat Le
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a. Cam bien nhiet: La loai cam bien dung e chuyen tn hieu vat ly (nhiet o) thanh tn hieu ien, ay la loai cam bien co o nhay tng oi cao va tuyen tnh. Nguyen tac lam viec cua no la dong ien hay ien ap thay oi khi nhiet o tai ni at no thay oi. Tuy nhien no cung de bao ong nham khi nguon ien ben ngoai tac ong khong theo y muon. Cac loai cam bien nhiet: IC cam bien: La loai cam bien ban dan c che tao thanh cac IC chuyen dung vi o nhay cao, ien ap ra thay oi t le thuan vi nhiet o, mot so loai IC c ban ben ngoai th trng la: LM355, LM334, Thermistor: Thermistor la loai ien tr co o nhay nhiet rat cao nhng khong tuyen tnh va vi he so nhiet am. ien tr giam phi tuyen vi s tang cua nhiet o. V ban than la ien tr nen trong qua trnh hoat ong Thermistor tao ra nhiet o v vay gay sai so ln. Thermo Couples: Thermo Couple bien oi ai lng nhiet o thanh dong ien hay ien ap DC nho. No gom hai day kim loai khac nhau noi vi nhau tai hai moi noi. Khi cac day noi ac cac v tr khac nhau, trong day xuat hien suat ien ong. Suat ien ong t le thuan vi s chenh lenh nhiet o gia hai moi noi. Thermo couple co he so nhiet dng. b. Cam bien la: Khi la chay th phat ra anh sang hong ngoai, do o ta s dung cac linh kien phat hien tia hong ngoai e phat hien la. Nguyen ly hoat ong la ien tr cua cac linh kien thu song hong ngoai tang, no chuyen tn hieu anh sang thu c thanh tn hieu ien e bao ong. Loai nay rat nhay oi vi la. Tuy nhien cung de bao ong nham
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neu ta e cam bien ngoai tri hoac gan anh sang bong en tron. c. Cam bien khoi: Thng cam bien khoi la bo phan rieng biet chay bang PIN c thiet ke e lap at tren tran nha, tren tng. Ngoai yeu cau ky thuat (chnh xac, an toan) con oi hoi phai am bao ve mat tham my. Co hai cach c ban e thiet ke bo cam bien khoi. Cach th nhat s dung nguyen tac Ion hoa. Ngi ta s dung mot lng nho chat phong xa e Ion hoa trong bo cam bien. Khong kh b Ion hoa se dan ien va tao thanh mot dong ien chay gia chay gia hai cc a c nap ien. Khi cac phan t khoi lot vao khu vc cam nhan c Ion hoa se lam tang ien tr trong buong cam nhan va lam giam luong ien gia hai cc. Khi luong ien giam xuong ti mot gia tr nao o th bo cam bien se phat hien va phat tn hieu bao ong. Cach th hai s dung cac linh kien thu phat quang. Ngi ta dung linh kien phat quang (Led, Led hong ngoai) chieu mot tia anh sang qua vung bao ve vao mot linh kien thu quang (photo diode, photo transistor, quang tr). Khi co chay, khoi i ngang qua vung bao ve se che chan hoac lam giam cng o anh sang chieu vao linh kien thu. Khi cng o giam xuong ti mot gia tr nao o th bo cam bien se phat hien va phat tn hieu bao ong. Trong hai cach nay th phng phap th nhat nhay hn va hieu qua hn phng phap th hai, nhng kho thc thi, kho lap at. Con cach th hai tuy t nhay hn nhng linh kien de kiem va de thc thi cung nh de lap at. Mot nhc iem cua cac loai cam bien nay la: mach bao ong co the sai neu vung bao ve b xam nhap bi cac lp bui d. Mot so loai cam bien quang: Cam bien quang co the hoat ong vi anh sang thay c hoac anh sang hong ngoai, t ngoai - Quang tr: Quang tr con co ten goi khac la vat dan quang (photo con) la linh kien thu ong c tao ra t vat lieu ban dan ma be mat cua no c phi sang va ien tr
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cua no giam khi tang cng o anh sang. Trong quang tr cac ien t t do c tao bang nang lng anh sang, cng o anh sang cang ln th so lng ien t t do cang ln. Loai cam bien nay phi tuyen va co o tre, do o t c dung. ac tuyen cua mot loai quang tr thong dung:
R 1M 10M 100 0 1 1 10 100 1m/m2 100 0 Cng o anh sang
- Cam bien quang ban dan:
ay la loai cam bien dung cac linh kien ban dan quang nh: diode, photo diode, phototransistor, Khi co anh sang ap vao mat ban dan lam giai phong cac ien t t do va cac en t nay se chuyen ong tao thanh dong ien. - Cam bien quang nhiet: Cam bien nay chuyen quang nang thanh nhiet nang va nhiet nang nay se c nhan bien bang bo cam bien nhiet, nhiet o t le vi cng o anh sang chieu vao. Loai cam bien nay co o nhay thap, thi gian ap ng cham. Nh vay moi loai cam bien co tnh u viec rieng cua no. Tuy nhien neu manh mat nay th no se b han che mat khac, chang han bo cam bien nhiet ch phat hien chay vung gan cam bien cam bien va to ra khong hieu qua vung co nhieu nguon nhiet khong
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phai phat sinh ra chay. Con cac bo cam bien khac co the phat hien chay trong mot pham vi rong nhng co am chay co t khoi hoac do cac tac ong khong phai do chay tai ni at cam bien th se b phat hien nham. V vay tuy theo tng vung, tng ni ma ta thiet ke nhng bo cam bien thch hp. 2.Thiet b bao ong: Thiet b bao ong gom co hai loai: Bao ong tai cho. Bao ong qua ien thoai. Bao ong tai cho ta co the s dung cac chuong ien, mach tao coi hu hay phat ra tieng noi e canh bao. Trong cac he thong bao chay, bo cam bien thng at nhng ni de chay va noi vi cac thiet b bao ong bang day dan ien, do o trong mot so trng hp co the lam day b t. V vay mot he thong bao chay se tr nen hieu qua khi s dung cac bo phat vo tuyen. Trong o bo phan thu gan vi mach bao ong, con mach phat gan vi bo cam bien. Tuy nhien viec lap at gap nhieu kho khan va gia thanh cao. Bao ong qua ien thoai giup ta ap ng nhanh cac thong tin ve s co en cac c quan chc nang. Khi co tn hieu bao ong se t ong quay so en cac c quan nh: nha rieng, cong an, phong chay cha chay B. S LC VE HE THONG IEU KHIEN: I. GII THIEU CAC DANG MACH TON TAI: 1. Mach ieu khien xa dung hong ngoai: Mach nay thiet ke va thi cong khong phc tap, chi ph ton hao thap nhng thuoc loai ieu khien gii han khoang cach. Khoang cach ieu khien cang xa th cong suat bc xa tia hong ngoai se giam i lam cho mach thu tia hong ngoai khong nhan dang c tn hieu ieu khien. 2. Mach ieu khien xa dung ky thuat so: Mach nay ieu khien rat thch hp cho cac th nghiem co quy mo nho, ton kem, thiet ke va thi cong rat phc
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tap hn cac mach ieu khien khac va gii han ve chc nang v mach ien do dung qua nhieu IC so nen mach ien kha phc tap rat nhieu. Khi muon m rong cac chc nang ieu khien them th phai lam lai t au nen kha nang thc thi rat nho. 3. Mach ieu khien bang Vi x ly: Mach nay rat thch hp trong cac he thong ieu khien co quy mo ln, phc tap va s dung nhieu chc nang. Mach nay khong phc tap phan cng nhng oi hoi ky thuat viet chng trnh vi x ly that tot. Mach nay thi cong kha phc tap nhng tnh hieu qua cua no rat cao so vi cac mach ieu khien khac. oi vi cac mach s dung nhieu chc nang th ta nen dung dang mach nay v no se lam n gian rat nhieu mach phan cng bu lai chng trnh phan mem tr nen rat phc tap. II. HNG CHON CUA E TAI: Trong o an nay, chung em trnh bay hai phan bao chay qua ien thoai va ieu khien thiet b bang ien thoai nen trong phan ieu khien thiet b chung em chon mach ieu khien bang vi x ly. S dung toan bo phan mach chnh va phat trien them cac phan bo sung th chung em co phan mach ieu khien nen phan mach INT1\ khong co phc tap ma lai con rat n gian.
INT0\ SERIAL PORT TEMER0 TEMER1 GII TEMER2 THIEU 8032\8052
CHNG II:
VI IEU KHIEN 8031

TEMER2 2
A. TOM TAC PHAN CNG: I. GII THIEU MCS-51: (MCS-51: Family 8032\805 Overview) ROM RAM MCS-51 la mot ho IC ieu khien (micro controller), c 8031\80 2 TEMER1 che tao va ban tren th trng bi hang Intel cua My. Ho 32 OTHER IC INTERRUPT nay c cung cap 128 byte cac thiet 4K: 8031 nhieu hang san b bi TEMER1 CONTROL RAM REGISTERthe gii chang han: nha san xuat IC 8K:8052 xuat IC khac tren SIEMENS cua c, FUJITSU cua Nhat va PHILIPS cua Ha Lan. Moi IC trong ho eu co s hoan thien rieng va co s CPU hanh dien rieng cua no, phu hp vi nhu cau cua ngi s dung va yeu cau at ra cua nha san xuat.
SERIAL IC 8031 la IC tieu bieu trong ho MCS-51 c ban tren CONTROL I/O PORT PORT th trng. Tat ca cac IC trong ho eu co s tng thch vi OSCILATOR nhau va co s khac biet la san xuat sau co cai mi ma BUS
128 byte
8032\805
0K:
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat EA\ ALE\ PSEN\ RST P0 P1 P2 P3 TXD Address\Data
Le
RXD
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cai san xuat trc khong co, e tang them kha nang ng dung cua IC o. Chung co ac iem nh sau:
4k byte ROM (c lap trnh bi nha san xuat, ch co 8051) 128 byte RAM 4 Port I/O 8 bit 2 bo nh thi 16 bit Giao tiep noi tiep 64k khong gian bo nh chng trnh m rong 64k khong gian bo nh d lieu m rong
Mot bo x ly luan ly (thao tac tren cac bit n) 210 bit c a ch hoa
Le
Bo nhan /chia 4 bit

Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat
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1. Bo nh ban dan ROM va RAM: Bo nh la mot phan cua cau truc vi ieu khien, cac chng trnh va d lieu c lu tr trong bo nh, bo nh ban dan gom ROM va RAM. RAM: La bo nh ban dan oc c hoat ghi c nhng khong kien nh (khong kien nh co ngha la : noi dung cua d lieu se b mat i khi mat ien). ROM: La bo nh ban dan ch oc va kien nh (kien nh co ngha la : noi dung d lieu se khong b mat i khi mat ien). Hau het cac he thong dung RAM e lu tr chng trnh thi hanh khi ma can gi lai e lu tr th ghi vao a e cat, con ROM dung e lu tr thong tin he thong e khi cap ien la no co the hoat ong he thong. 2. Cac BUS: Bus la tap hp nhieu ng dan, moi bus co mot hoac nhieu muc ch khac nhau tuy thuoc vao cach cai at cua ngi s dung va cach thiet ke cua nha san xuat. CPU thng co 3 bus: bus ieu khien, bus a ch, va bus d lieu. oi vi moi hoat ong cua mnh th CPU lay d lieu tren bus d lieu theo a ch c cung cap bi bus a ch va hoat ong o la hoat ong g th CPU thi hanh theo lenh c cap t bus ieu khien. Bus a ch cung cap a ch cho CPU biet a ch e oc hoac ghi d lieu. Neu CPU co n ng a ch th co the truy xuat c 2n o nh a ch. Bus ieu khien la hon hp cac tn hieu ieu khien e ieu khien s hoat ong cua CPU (trong CPU hoac CPU vi cac thiet b ben ngoai) e ong bo hoat ong tren cac bus a ch, d lieu. Bus d lieu mang thong tin gia CPU va bo nh, hoac gia CPU vi cac thanh ghi hoac gia CPU vi cac thiet b ben ngoai thong qua cac thiet b I/O. II. S LC VE CAC CHAN CUA C 8031: 8031 la IC vi ieu khien (Microcontroller) do hang intel san xuat. C 8031 co tat ca 40 chan co chc nang nh cac ng xuat nhap. Trong o co 24 chan co tac dung
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kep, moi ng co the hoat ong nh cac ng xuat nhap hoac nh cac ng ieu khien hoac la thanh phan cua bus d lieu.
40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 XTAL1 XTAL2 GDN VCC P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 EA\ ALE PSEN\ P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4 P2.3 P2.2 P2.1 P2.0 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 RXD TXD INT0\ INT1\ T0 T1 WR\ RD\ P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 P1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 P2.4 P2.5 P2.6 P2.7
8 0 5 1
PSEN\ ALE EA\ RST
S o Chan Cua 8031
P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7
S o logic cua 8031
Chc nang cac chan cua 8031: Port 0:
Port 0 la port co hai chc nang cac chan t 32 39 cua 8031. Trong cac thiet ke c nho khong dung bo nh m rong no co chc nang nh cac ng vao ra. Port 1:
Port 1 la port I\O cac chan t 1-8. Cac chan c ky hieu la P0.0, P0.1, P0.2,P1.7, co the dung cho giao tiep vicac thiet b ben ngoai neu can. Port 1 khong co chc
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nang khac v vay no ch dung cho giao tiep vi cac thiet b ben ngoai(chang han ROM, RAM,8255,8279,). Port 2:
Port2 la mot port co tac dung kep cac chan t 21-28 c dung nh cac ng xuat nhap hoac la cac byte cao cua Bus a ch oi vi cac thiet ke c ln. Port3:
Port3 la mot port co tac dung kep t chan 10 17. Cac chan cua port nay co nhieu chc nang, cac cong dung chuyen oi co lien he vi ac tnh ac biet cua 8031 nh bang sau: Bit P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Ten RXD TXD INT0\ INT1\ T0 T1 WR\ RD\ Chc nang chuyen oi Ngo vao d lieu noi tiep Ngo ra d lieu noi tiep Ngo vao ngat cng th 0 Ngo vao ngat cng th 1 Ngo vao cua temer\counter th 0 Ngo vao cua temer\counter th 1 Tn hieu ghi d lieu len bo nh ngoai Tn hieu oc bo nh d lieu ngoai
Bang: Chc nang cua cac chan port 3 Ngo tn hieu PSEN\ (Progam store enable): PSEN\ la tn hieu ngo ra chan 29 co tac dung cho phep oc bo nh chng trnh m rong va thng c noi vi chan EO\ (output enable) cua EPROM cho phep oc cac byte ma lenh. PSEN mc thap trong thi gian lay lenh. Cac ma nh phan cua chng trnh c oc t EPROM qua bus d lieu va c chot vao thanh ghi ben trong 8031 e giai ma lenh. Khi thi hanh chng trnh trong ROM noi(C 8051) PSEN\ se mc 1. Ngo tn hieu ieu khien ALE (Address latch enable):
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Khi 8031 truy xuat bo nh ben ngoai, port0 co chc nang la a ch va d lieu do o phai tach ng a ch va d lieu. Tn hieu ra ALE chan th 30 dung lam tn hieu ieu khien e giai a hp cac ng a ch va d lieu khi ket noi vi IC chot. Tn hieu ra ALE la mot xung trong khoang thi gian port 0 ong vai tro la a ch thap nen nen chot a ch hoan toan t ong. Cac xung tn hieu ALE co toc o bang 1\6 tan so dao ong tren vi ieu kkien va co the c dung lam tn hieu clock cho cac phan khac cua he thong. Chan ALE c dung lam ngo vao xung lap trnh cho FEROM trong 8051. Ngo tn hieu EA\ (External Access: truy xuat d lieu ben ngoai): Tn hieu vao EA\ chan 31 thng c mac len mc 1 hoac mc 0. Neu mc 1 th C8051 thi hanh chng trnh trong ROM noi trong khoang a ch thap 4k. Neu mc 0 th 8031 thi hanh chng trnh t bo nh m rong (v C8031 khong co bo nh chng trnh tren chip). Chan EA\ c lay lam chan cap nguon 21v lap trnh cho FROM trong 8051. Ngo tn hieu RST (Reset):
Ngo tn hieu RST chan 9 va ngo vao Reset cua 8031. Khi ngo vao tn hieu a len mc cao t nhat la 2 chu ky may, cac thanh ghi ben trong c nap nhng gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong. Khi cap ien mach t ong Reset.
Ngo vao bo dao ong X1, X2:
Bo tao dao ong c tch hp ben trong 8031, khi s dung 8031 ngi thiet ke can ghep noi them tu, thach anh. Tan so thach anh c s dung cho 8031 la 12MHz. Nguon cho 8031:
Nguon cho 8031 c cung cap 2 chan la 20 va 40 cap GND va Vcc. Nguon cung cap ay la +5v. Kha nang cua tai port 0 la LS TTL cua port 1,2,3 la 4LS TTL. Cau truc cua port c xay dng t FET lam cho port co the xuat nhap de dang. Khi FET tat th port de
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dang dung chc nang xuat. Khi FET hoat ong th port lam chc nang nhap th khi o ngo nhap mc cao se lam hong port. III. KHAO SAT CAC KHOI BEN TRONG 8031 TO CHC BO NH: Bo nh trong 8031 ba gom ROM va RAM. RAM trong 8031 bao gom nhieu thanh phan: phan lu tr a dung, phan lu tr a ch hoa tng bit, cac bank thanh ghi va cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet. 8031 co cau truc bo nh theo kieu Harvard: co nhng vung nh rieng biet cho chng trnh va d lieu. Chng trnh va d lieu co the cha ben trong 8051, nhng 8051 van co the ket noi vi 64k byte chng trnh va 64k byte d lieu. Hai ac tnh can chu y khi dung C8031/8051 la: Cac thanh ghi va cac port xuat nhap a c nh v (c nh v co ngha la xac nh) trong bo nh va co the truy xuat trc tiep giong nh cac bo nh a ch khac. Ngan xep ben trong RAM noi nho hn so vi ROM ngoai nh cac bo vi x ly khac. RAM ben trong 8031 c phan chia nh sau:

Cac Bank thanh ghi co a ch 00H 1FH. RAM a ch hoa tng bit co a ch 20H 2FH. RAM a dung co a ch 30H 7FH. Cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet 80H FFH.
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Byte address
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B Bit
address Byte address

FF F0 E0
Bit address
FF B ACC PSW IP P3
7F
D0 B8
30
2F PURPOSE A8 IE 3E R R RAM 2D 7F7E7D7C7B7A797877767574737271706F6 7 A0 P2 2C E6D6C6B6A696867666564636261605F5E5D E 6 2B 5 5C5B5A595857565554535251504F4E4D4C4 5 F E 99 F7F6F5F4F3F2F1F0E7E6E5E4E3E2E1E0SBUF 2A B B4A494847464544434241403F3E3D3C3B3A 4 D D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0--98 SCON 29 B BCBBBAB9B8B7B6B5B4B3B2B1B0AF-B 3 393837363534333231302F2E2D2C2B2A292 3 28 A 2 1 90 A 17 27 827262524232221201F1E1D1C1B1A1918ACABAAA9A8A7A6A5A4A3A2A1A0Not P1 bit 1 0 26 161514131211100F0E0D0C0B0A090807060 a addressable9f9e9d9c9b9a99989796959 9 25 5 50403020100 8D TH1 4 493929190Not bit addressableNot bit N 24 8C addressableNot bit addressableNot bit TH0 Bank 3 B a N 23 8B TL1 Bank 2 B a addressableNot bit 22 8A addressable8F8E8D8C8B8A8988Not bit TL0 a 8 B Bank 1Bank 0 21 89 addressableNot bit addressableNot bit TMOD a N (Cho R0 R7) 20 a addressableNot bit 88 TCON 1F a addressable8786858483828180 8 87 PCON
18 17 10 0F 08 07 00 83 82 DPH DPL
GENERAL
B0
81 80
SP P0
a.RAM a dung: II.2.1: S o to chc bo nh Hnh Mac du tren hnh ve cho thay 80 byte adung chiem cac a ch t 30H 7FH, 32 a ch di t 00H 1FH cung co the c dung vi muc ch tng t (mac du cac a ch nay cung a nh vi muc ch khac). Moi a ch trong vung RAM a dung eu co the truy xuat t do dung kieu a ch gian tiep hoac trc tiep. V du: e oc noi dung c ch 5FH cua RAM noi vao thanh ghi tch luy A, co the dung mot trong hai cach sau: - Cach 1: MOV A, 5FH
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- Cach 2: Ngoai cach tren RAM ben trong cung co the c truy xuat bang cach dung a ch gian tiep hoac trc tiep qua R0 hay R1: MOV R0, #%FH MOV A, @R0 Lenh au tien dung e nap a ch tc thi #5FH vao thanh ghi R0, lenh th 2 dung e chuyen noi dung cua o nh co a ch ma R0 ang ch ti vao thanh ghi tch luy A. b. RAM a ch hoa tng bit: 8031 cha 210 bit c a ch hoa, trong o co 128bit cha cac byte co a ch t 20H 2FH va cac bit con lai chc trong nhom thanh ghi co cha nang ac biet. Y tng truy xuat tng bit bang phan mem la mot ac tnh manh cua vi ieu khien noi chung. Cac bit co the c at, xoa, And, OR, vi mot lenh n. Ma ieu nay oi vi vi x ly oi hoi phai co mot chuoi lenh oc sa - ghi e at c muc ch tng t nh vi ieu khien. Ngoai ra cac port cung co the truy xuat c tng bit lam n gian i phan mem xuat nhap tng bit. 128 bit truy xuat tng bit nay cung co the truy xuat nh cac byte hoac cac bit phu thuoc vao lenh c dung. V du: e at bit th 57 ta dung lenh sau: SETB 67H c.Cac Bank thanh ghi: 32 byte thap cua bo nh RAM noi c dung cho cac bank thanh ghi. Bo lenh 8031 ho tr 8 thanh ghi noi tren co ten la R0 R7 va theo mac nh khi reset he thong, cac thanh ghi nay co a ch t 00H 07H. V du: lenh sau ay se oc noi dung cua o nh co a ch 05H vao thanh ghi A. MOV A, R5 ay la lenh 1 byte dung ach thanh ghi. Tuy nhien yeu cau tren co the thi hanh bang lenh 2 byte dung a ch trc tiep nam trong byte th hai:
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MOV A,05H Cac lenh dung cac thanh ghi R0 R7 se ngan hn va nhanh hn so vi cac lenh co chc nang tng t dung kieu a ch trc tiep. Cac d lieu c dung thng xuyen nen dung mot trong cac thanh ghi nay. Do co 4 bank thanh ghi nen tai mot thi iem ch co mot bank thanh ghi c truy xuat bi cac thanh ghi R0 R7. e chuyen oi viec truy xuat cac bank thanh ghi ta phai thay oi cac bit chon bank trong thanh ghi trong thanh ghi trang thai. Gia s bank thanh ghi th 3 ang c truy xuat lenh sau ay se chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A vao o nh RAM co a ch 18H: MOV R0, A Tom lai y tng dung cac bank thanh ghi cho phep ta chuyen hng chng trnh nhanh va hieu qua hn. IV. CAC THANH GHI CO CHC NANG AC BIET: Cac thanh ghi cua C8031/8051 c truy xuat ngam nh bi bo lenh. V du INC A se tang noi dung thanh ghi A len mot n v. Tac ong nay c ngam nh trong ma lenh. Cac thanh ghi trong C8031/8051 c nh dang nh mot phan cua RAM tren chip. V vay moi thanh ghi se co mot a ch (ngoai tr thanh ghi em bo nh chng trnh va thanh ghi lenh v cac thanh ghi nay hiem khi b tac ong trc tiep). Cung nh R0 R7, 8031 co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet vung tren cua RAM noi co a ch t 80H FFH.
Chu y: tat ca 128 a ch t 80H FFH khong
c nh ngha ch co 21 thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet c nh ngha san cac a ch. Ngoai tr thanh ghi A co the c truy xuat ngam nh a noi, a so cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet SFR co a ch hoa tng bit hoac byte.
Chu y: mot vai thanh ghi SFR co the a ch hoa tng bit hoac byte nen ngi lap trnh phai than trong khi truy xuat bit hoac byte.
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1. T trang thai chng trnh: (PSW: Program Status Word) Thanh ghi trang thai chng trnh PSW (Program Status Word) a ch D0H cha cac bit trang thai c tom tat nh sau: Bit PSW.7 PSW.6 PSW.5 PSW.4 PSW.3 Ky hieu CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 a ch D7H D6H D5H D4H D3H Y ngha C nh C nh phu C 0 Bit 1 chon bank thanh ghi Bit 0 chon bank thanh ghi 00 = bank 0: a ch 00H 07H 01 = bank 1: a ch 08H 0FH 10 = bank 2: a ch 10H 17H 11 = bank 3: a ch 18H 1FH C tran D tr C parity chan le
PSW.2 PSW.1 PSW.0
0V 0V PORT
D2H D1H D0H
Bang : Cac bit cua thanh ghi PSW
C nh (CY):
C nh Carry co tac dung kep. Thong thng no c dung cho cac lenh toan hoc: C = 1 neu phep toan cong co tran hoac phep tr co mn va ngc lai C = 0 neu phep toan cong khong tran va phep tr khong co mn. V du: lenh sau se tra ve thanh ghi tch luy ket qua 00H va set c nh trong PSW neu thanh ghi tch luy A cha FFH. ADD C,25H
C nh phu AC: (AC: Auxillary Carry Flag) Khi cong cac so BCD, c nh phu AC = 1 neu ket qua 4 bit thap trong khoang 0A 0F va ngc lai c nh phu AC = 0.
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C 0 (F0): C 0 la mot bit c a dung dung cho cac ng dung cho ngi dung. Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi truy xuat (RS0 va RS1): Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi nham e xac nh bank thanhghi c truy xuat. Chung c xoa sau khi Reset he thong va c thay oi bang phan mem neu can. V du: 3 lenh sau ay cho phep bank thanh ghi 3 c chon va di chuyen noi dung thanh ghi R7 (co a ch byte 1FH) vao thanh ghi A. SETB RS1 SETB RS0 MOV A, R7 Khi chng trnh c dch sang ma may cho 8031 thi hanh, cac a ch bit c thay the bang cac ky t RS1 va RS0. Vay lenh SETB RS1 la SETB 0DH. C tran 0V: (Overlow Flag) C tran co tac dung nh sau: 0V = 1 sau mot lenh cong hoac tr neu co phep toan b tran. Khi cac so co dau c cong hay tr vi nhau, phan mem co the kiem tra bit nay e kiem tra xem ket qua co trong tam xac nh hay khong. Khi co so khong dau c cong, bit 0V co the c bo qua. Cac ket qua ln hn +127 hoac nho hn 128 th bit 0V=1. V du: phep cong sau b tran va bit 0V se c set: 0FH + 7FH = 8EH. Ket qua la mot so co dau 8E c xem nh 116, khong phai la ket qua ung 142 v vay bit 0V = 1. 2. Thanh ghi B: Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dung cung vi thanh ghi tch luy A cho cac phep toan nhan va chia. Lenh MUL AB se nhan cac gia tr khong dau 8 bit trong A va B roi tra ve ket qua 16 bit A (byte thap) va B (byte cao). Lenh DIV AB se chia A cho B va tra ket qua phan nguyen trong A va phan d trong B. Thanh ghi co the c xem la mot thanh ghi
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em a dung. No c a ch hoa tng bit vi cac a ch t F0H F7H. 3. Con tro ngan xep: Con tro ngan xep SP la mot thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 81H. No cha a ch cua byte d lieu hien hanh tren nh ngan xep. Cac lenh tren ngan xep bao gom cac lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep va lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep. Lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep se lam tang SP trc khi ghi d lieu va lenh lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep se lam giam SP. Ngan xep cua 8031 c gi trong RAM ngoai va gii han cac a ch co the truy xuat bang a ch gian tiep, chung la 128 byte au cua 8031. V du: e khi ong SP vi ngan xep bat au tai a ch 60H, th dung lenh sau ay: MOV SP, #5F Vi lenh tren th ngan xep cua 8031 ch co 32 byte v a ch cao nhat cua RAM tren vi ieu khien la 7F. S d gia tr 5F c nap vao SP v SP se tang len 60H trc khi cat byte d lieu au tien. Khi Reset 8031, SP se mang gia tr mac nh la 07H va d lieu au tien se c nap vao o nh ngan xep co a ch 08H. Neu phan mem ng dung khong khi ong SP mot gia tr mi th bank thanh ghi l co the ca 2 va 3 se khong dung c v dung RAM nay a c dung lam ngan xep. Ngan xep c truy xuat trc tiep bang lenh PUSH va lenh POP e lu tr tam thi va lay d lieu, hoac truy xuat ngam bang lenh goi chng trnh con (ACALL va LCALL) va lenh tr ve (RET, RETL) e lu gia tr cua bo em chng trnh khi bat au thc hien chng trnh con va lay lai khi ket thuc chng trnh con. 4. Con tro d lieu: (DPTR: Data Poiter) Con tro d lieu (DPTR) c dung e truy xuat bo nh ngoai la mot thanh ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL: byte thap) va 83H (DPH: byte cao) 3 lenh sau ay se ghi a ch 55H vao RAM ngoai a ch 1000H: MOV A,#55H MOV DPRT, ##1000H
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MOVX@ DPTR,A Lenh au tien dung e nap d lieu 55H vao thanh ghi tch luy. Lenh th 2 c dung e nap d lieu 1000H vao con tro d lieu DPTR. Lenh th 3 se di chuyen noi dung trong thanh ghi A (55H) vao o nh RAM ngoai co a ch cha trong DPTR (la 1000H). 5. Cac thanh ghi port xuat nhap: Cac Port cua 8031 gom port 0 a ch 80H, port 1 a ch 90H, port 2 a ch A0H va port 3 a ch B0H. Tat ca cac port nay co the truy xuat tng bit nen rat thuan tien trong chc nang giao tiep. V du: Neu mot motor c noi vi cuon day co transitor lai en bit 7 cua port 1, 8031 co bat va tat bang mot lenh n: SETB P1.7 CLR P1.7 Va co the thc hien tng t bang hai lenh sau: SETB P1.7 CLR 97H
6. Cac thanh ghi Timer: 8031 co cha hai bo nh thi/ em 16 bit c dung cho viec nh thi hoac em s kien. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TLO: byte thap) va 8CH (THO: byte cao). Timer 1 ach 8BH (TL1: byte thap)va 8DH (TH1: byte cao) viec khi ong Timer c set bi Timer mode (TMOD) a ch 89 va thanh ghi ieu khien Timer (TCON) a ch 88H. Ch co TCON c a ch hoa tng bit. 7. Cac thanh ghi port noi tiep: 8031 cha 1 port noi tiep dung cho viec trao oi thong tin vi cac thiet b noi tiep nh may tnh moderm hoac giao tiep vi cac IC khac (cac bo chuyen oi A\D, cac thanh ghi dch). Mot thanh ghi goi la bo em d lieu noi tiep (SBUF) a ch 99H se gi ca hai d lieu phat va d lieu nhan. Khi truyen d lieu th ghi len SUBF, khi
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nhan d lieu th oc SUBF. Cac mode van hanh khac nhau c lap trnh qua thanh ghi ieu khien port noi tiep (SCON: c a ch hoa tng bit a ch 98H). 8. Cac thanh ghi ngat: 8031 co cau truc 5 nguon ngat va 2 mc u tien. Cac ngat b cam sau khi Reset he thong va se c cho phep bang viec thanh ghi cho phep ngat (LE) a ch A8H. Ca hai thanh ghi c a ch hoa tng bit. 9. Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat: Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat (PCON) a ch 97H cha nhieu bit ieu khien chung c tom tat bang sau:
Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
K hieu SMOD GF1 GF0 PD IDL
Y ngha Bit gap oi toc o band, neu c set th toc o baud se tang gap oi trong cac mode 1,2 va 3 cua port noi tiep Khong y ngha Khong y ngha Khong y ngha Bit c a dung 1 Bit c a dung 2 Giam cong suat, c set hoat mode giam cong suat, ch thoat khi reset. Mode ch, set e kch hoat mode ch, ch thoat khi co ngat hoac reset he thong.
V. BO NH NGOAI: 8031 co kha nang m rong bo nh len en 64 kB bo nh chng trnh va 64 KB bo nh d lieu ben ngoai. Do o co the dung ROM va RAM neu can. Khi dung bo nh ngoai port 0 cung la mot port I/O thuan tuy. No c ket hp vi Bus a ch A0 en A7 va Bus d lieu D0 en D7 vi tn hieu ALE e chot byte thap cua Bus a ch khi bat au moi chu ky nh. Port 2 c cho phep byte cao cua a ch. 1. Truy xuat bo nh chng trnh ngoai:
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Bo nh chng trnh ben ngoai la mot bo nh ROM c cho phep bi tn hieu PSEN\. Hnh ve sau ay se mo ta cach ket noi 1 bo nh EPROM vi C8031/8051.
Mot chu ky may
S1 OSC P1 P2 S2 P1 P2 S3 P1 P2 S4 P1 P2 S5 P1 P2 S6 P1 P2 S1 P1 P2 P1
ALE PSEN\
PORT2 PORT1
PCH (byte cua PC)
PC
Gian o thi gian

Port 0 EA\ ALE Port 2 PSEN\
PCL
Ma lenh oc
bo nh chng trnh ngoai

D7-D0
PCL
Byte 2
D E
74373
A7-A0 EPROM A15-A8 OE\
Mot chu ky cua C8031/8051 co 12 xung nhp. Neu mot dao ong tren chip c lai bang thach anh 12 Mhz th mot chu ky may keo dai 1s. Trong mot chu ky may se co 2 xung ALE va 2 byte c oc t bo nh chng trnh (neu lenh hien hanh la lenh 2 byte th byte c loai bo). Gian o thi gian cua mot lan lay lenh c ve hnh tren: 2. Truy xuat bo nh d lieu ngoai: Bo nh d lieu ngoai la mot bo nh RAM c cho phep ghi /oc bang cac tn hieu ieu khien WR\ va RD\. C8031/8051 co mot lenh duy nhat truy xuat d lieu cua bo nh d lieu ngoai la MOVX dung con tro 16 bit (PDRT) hoac R0 va R1 xem nh thanh ghi a ch. 3. Giai ma a ch:
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Neu nhieu EPROM hoac nhieu RAM c giao tiep vi 8031 th can co mach giai ma a ch. Mach giai ma cung c thc hien nh cac vi x ly khac, s dung IC 74138 e giai ma. 4. Xep chong cac vung bo nh va d lieu ben ngoai: V bo nh chng trnh la ROM nen nay sinh mot van e bat tien khi phat trien phan mem cho 8031 la to chc bo nh nh the nao e co the sa oi chng trnh va co the ghi tr lai no c cha trong bo nh ROM. Cach giai quyet la xep chong cac vung nh chng trnh va d lieu. Mot bo nh RAM co the cha ca chng trnh va d lieu bang cach noi ng OE\ cua RAM vi mot cong AND co hai ngo vao PSEN\ va RD\. S o mach nh hnh sau cho phep bo nh RAM co hai chc nang va la bo nh chng trnh va la bo nh d lieu:
WR\ RD\ PSEN\ WR\
RAM
OE\
Vay mot chng trnh co the c tai vao RAM bang cach xem no nh mot bo nh d lieu va thi hanh bang cach xem no nh mot bo nh chng trnh. VI. NGO VAO TN HIEU RESET: C8031/8051 co ngo vao Reset RST tac ong mc cao trong khoang thi gian hai chu ky xung may, sau o xuong mc thap e 8031 bat au lam viec RST co the kch bang tay bang mot phm thng h, s o mach Reset nh sau:
100k
+5v 10f 10k
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Trang thai cua tat ca thanh ghi trong C8031/8051 sau khi Reset he thong c tom tat nh sau: Thanh ghi em chng trnh PC Thanh ghi tch luy A Thanh ghi B Thanh ghi trang thai PSW SP DPRT Port 0 en port 3 IP IE Cac thanh ghi nh thi SCON SBUF PCON(HMOS) PCON(CMOS) Noi dung 0000H 00H 00H 00H 07H 0000H FFH XXX0 0000B 0XX0 0000B 00H 00H 00H 0XXX XXXXB 0XXX 0000B
Quan trong nhat trong cac thanh ghi tren la thanh ghi em chng trnh, no c at tai 0000H. Khi Reset tr lai mc thap, viec thi hanh chng trnh luon bat au a ch au tien trong bo nh chng trnh: a ch 0000H. Noi dung cua RAM tren chip khong b thay oi bi lenh Reset. B. HOAT ONG CUA BO NH TH TIMER: I. GII THIEU: Mot nh ngha n gian cua timer la mot chuoi cac flip-flop chia oi tan so noi tiep vi nhau, chung nhan tn hieu vao lam nguon xung nhp. Ngo ra cua tang cuoi lam xung nhp cho flip - flop bao tran cua timer (flip - flop c). Gia tr nh phan trong cac flip - flop cua timer co te xem nh em so xung nhp (hoac cac s kien) t khi ong timer. V du timer 16 bit se em t 0000H en FFFFH. C bao tran se len 1 khi so em tran t FFFFH en 0000H. C8031/8051 co hai timer 16 bit, moi timer co 4 cach lam viec. Ngi ta s dung cac timer e: a. nh khoang thi gian. b. em s kien.
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toc o baud cho port noi tiep trong C8051/8031. Trong cac ng dung nh ngha khoang thi gian, ngi ta s dung lap trnh timer mot khoang eu an va at c tran timer. C c s dung e ong bo hoa chng trnh e thc hien mot tac ong nh kiem tra trang thai cua cac ngo vao hoac gi s kien ra cac ngo ra. Cac ng dung khac co the s dung viec tao xung nhp eu an cua timer e o thi gian troi qua gia hai s kien (V du: o o rong xung). em s kien dung e xac nh so lan xay ra cua mot so s kien. Mot s kien la bat c tac ong ngoai nao co the cung cap mot chuyen trang thai tren mot chan cua 8051/8031. Truy xuat cac timer cua 8051/8031 chc nang ac biet trong bang sau: SFR a a ch hoa ch tng bit TCON ieu khien timer TMOD Che o timer TLO Byte thap cua timer 0 TL1 Byte thap cua timer 1 TH0 Byte cao cua timer 0 TH1 Byte cao cua timer 1 dung 6 thanh ghi
MUC CH 88H 89H 8AH 8BH 8CH 8DH Co Khong Khong Khong Khong Khong
II. THANH GHI CHE O TIMER (TMOD): Thanh ghi TMOD cha hai nhom 4 bit dung e at che o lam viec cho timer 0 va timer1. Bi t 7 6 Ten GATE C/ T Timer 1 1 Mo ta Bit (m cong), khi len, timer ch chay khi INT1 mc cao Bit chon che o counter/ timer
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5 4
M1 M0
1 1
3 2 1 0
GATE C/ T M1 M0
0 0 0 0
1 = Bo em s kien 0 = Bo nh khoang thi gian Bit1 cua che o ( mode) Bit 0 cua che o 00: Che o 0: timer 13 bit 01: Che o 1: timer 16 bit 10: Che o 2: t ong nap lai 8 bit 11: Che o 3: tach timer Bit (m) cong Bit chon counter/ timer Bit 1 cua che o Bit 0 cua che o
Tom tat thanh ghi TMOD. III. THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TIMER (TCON) Thanh ghi TCON cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien cho timer0 va timer1. Bit TCON. 7 Ky hieu TF1 a ch 8FH Mo ta C bao tran timer. at bi phan cng khi tran, c xoa bi phan mem hoac phan cng khi bo x l ch en chng trnh phuc vu ngat. Bit ieu khien timer1 chay. at/ xoa bang timer e cho phan mem chay/ ngng. C bao tran timer 0. Bit ieu khien timer chay. C canh ngat canh ben ngoai. at bi phan cng khi phat hien mot canh xuong INT1:xoa bang phan mem hoac phan cng khi CPU ch en chng trnh phuc vu ngat. C kieu ngat mot ben ngoai. at/xoa bang phan mem e ngat ngoai tch cc canh xuong/mc thap. C canh ngat 0 ben ngoai
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TCON. 6 TCON. 5 TCON. 4 TCON. 3
TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1
8EH 8DH 8CH 8BH
TCON. 2 TCON. 1
IT1
8AH
IE0
89H
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TCON. 0
ITO
88H
C kieu ngat 0 ben ngoai
Tom tat thanh ghi TCON. IV. CHE O TIMER: 1. Che o 0 Che o TIMER 13 BIT: e tng thch vi 804 (co trc 8051). 3 bit cao cua TLx (TL0 va hoac TL1) khong dung. Xung nhp timer
TLx (5 bit)
THx (8 bit)
TFx
C bao 2. Che o 1 Che o TIMER 16 BIT: tran Hoat ong nh timer 16 bit ay u.
- C bao tran la bit TFx trong TCON co the oc hoac ghi bang phan mem. - MSB cua gia tr trong thanh ghi timer la bit 7 cua THx va LSB la bit 0 cua TLx. Cac thanh ghi timer (TLx/THx) co the oc hoac ghi bat c luc nao bang phan mem. Xung nhp timer
TLx (8 bit) THx (8 bit) TFx
C bao tran 3. Che o 2 Che o t ong nap lai 8 bit: TLx hoat ong nh 1 timer 8 bit, trong o THx van gi nguyen gia tr khi nap. Khi so em tran t FFH en 00H, khong nhng c timer c xet ma gia tr trong THx ong thi c nap vao TLx, viec em tiep tuc t gia tr nay len en FFH xuong 00H va nap lai .v.vChe o nay rat thong dung v s tran timer xay ra trong nhng khoang thi gian nhat nh va tuan hoan mot khi khi ong TMOD va THx. Xung nhp timer
TLx (8 bit) TFx Le
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong bao C c Nhat tran THx (8 bit)
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4. Che o 3 Che o tach timer: - Timer 0 tach thanh 2 timer 8 bit (TL0 va TH0), TL0 co c bao tran la TF0 va TH0 co c bao tran la TF1. - Timer 1 ngng che o 3, nhng co the khi ong bang cach chuyen sang che o khac. Gii han duy nhat la c bao tran TF1 khong con b tac ong khi timer 1 b tran v no c noi vi ti TH0. - Khi timer 1 che o 3, co the co the cho timer 1 chay va ngng bang cach chuyen no ra ngoai va vao che o 3. No van co the c s dung bi port noi tiep nh bo tao toc o baud hoac no co the s dung bang bat c cach nao ma khong can ngat (v no khong con c noi vi TF1). Xung nhp timer Xung nhp timer 1/12 Fose
TL1
TH1
TH0 TH0
TF0 TF1 C bao tran
5. Nguon tao xung nhp:
Co hai nguon tao xung nhp co the co, c chon bang cach ghi vao C/T (counter/timer) trong TMOD khi khi ong timer. Mot nguon tao xung nhp dung cho nh khoang thi gian, cai khac cho em s kien. Thac h anh Chan T0 hoac T1 Bo dao ong trong Xung nhp timer
12
0: (len) nh khoang thi gian
C/T
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nh khoang thi gian (interval timing): Neu C/T=0 hoat ong timer lien tuc c chon vao timer c dung cho viec nh khoang thi gian. Luc o, timer lay xung nhp t bo dao ong tren chip. Bo chia 12 c them vao e giam tan so xung nhp en gia tr thch hp cho cac ng dung. Nh vay, thach anh 12 MHz se cho toc o xung nhp timer 1 MHz. Bao tran timer xay ra sau mot so (co nh) xung nhp, phu thuoc vao gia tr ban au c nap vao cac thanh ghi timer TLx/THx. em s kien (Event Couting): Neu C/T=1, timer lay nguon xung nhp t ben ngoai.Trong hau het cac ng dung, nguon ben ngoai nay cung cap cho timer mot xung khi xay ra mot s kien timer dung em s kien. So s kien c xac nh bang phan mem bang cach oc cac thanh ghi TLx/THx v gia tr 16 bit trong thanh ghi nay tang them mot cho moi s kien. Nguon xung nhp ngoai co t thay oi chc nang cua cac port 3, bit 4 cua port 3 (P3.4) dung lam ngo vao tao xung nhp ben ngoai cho timer 0 va c goi la T0. Va P3.5 hay T1 la ngo vao tao xung nhp cho timer 1. Trong cac ng dung bo em, cac thanh ghi Timer c tang them 1 tng ng vi chuyen t 1 xuong 0 ngo vao ben ngoai: Tx, ngo vao ben ngoai c lay mau trong S5P2 cua moi chu ky may. Nh vay, khi ngo vao cao trong mot chu ky va thap trong mot chu ky ke th so em c tang them mot. Gia tr mi c xuat hien trong cac thanh ghi trong S3P1 cua chu ky theo sau chu ky trong o phat hien s chuyen tiep. Do o, mat 2 chu ky may (2s) e ghi nhan s chuyen 1 sang 0, tan so ngoai toi a la 500KHz (gia s hoat ong 12 MHz). 6. Bat au, dng va ieu khien cac Timer: Phng phap n gian nhat e bat au (cho chay) va dng cac timer la dung cac bit ieu khien chay: TRx trong TCON. TRx b xoa sau khi Reset he thong. Nh vay, cac timer theo mac nhien la b cam (b dng). TRx c at len 1 bang phan mem e cho cac timer chay. Xung nhp Cac thanh ghi timer timer
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat 0 = len: timer Le
TRx
dng 1 = xuong: timer
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V TRx trong thanh ghi TCON co a ch bit, nen de dang cho viec ieu khien cac timer trong chng trnh. V du, cho timer 0 chay bang lenh: SETB TR0 Va dng bang lenh: CLR TRO Trnh bien dch se thc hien viec chuyen oi ky hieu can thiet t TR0 sang a ch bit ung. SETB TR0 chnh xac giong nh SETB 8CH. Mot phng phap khac e ieu khien cac timer la dung bit GATE trong TMOD va ngo vao ben ngoai INTx. at GATE = 1 cho phep timer se c ieu khien bang INTx. Viec nay rat hieu dung cho viec o o rong xung nh sau: Gia s INT0 mc thap nhng cac xung mc cao trong khoang thi gian o. Khi ong timer 0 che o 2 (che o timer 16 bit), vi TL0/TH0=0000H, Gate=1 va TR0 = 1. Khi INT0 mc cao, timer c m cong va c cap xung nhp 1 MHz (neu C8031/8051 hoat ong tan so 12 MHz). Khi INT0 xuong thap, timer b ong cong va thi khoang cua xung tnh bang s la so em trong TL0/TH0. (Co the lap trnh INT0 e tao ra mot ngat khi no xuong thap). Hnh sau minh hoa Timer 1 hoat ong che o 1 nh mot timer 16 bit. Cac thanh ghi timer TL1/TH1 va c bao tran TF1 trong s o ch cac kha nang co the co cua nguon tao xung Bo daova de cho chay, dng va ieu khien timer. nhp
ong trong 12 TL1 TH1 TF1
T1 C/T TR1
0: len 1: xuong 0: len 1: xuong
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat GAT INT1
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7. Khi ong va truy xuat cac thanh ghi: Thong thng cac thanh ghi c khi ong mot lan au chng trnh e at che o lam viec ung. Sau o, trong than chng trnh, cac timer c cho chay, dng, cac bit c c kiem tra va xoa, cac thanh ghi timer c oc va cap nhat v,v theo oi hoi cua cac ng dung. TMOD la thanh ghi th nhat c khi ong v no at che o hoat ong. V du cac lenh sau khi ong time1 nh timer16 bit(che o 1) co xung nhp t bo dao ong tren chip cho vec nh khoang thi gian: MOV TMOD = 00010000B Neu can so em ban au, cac thanh ghi timer TL1/TH1 cung phai c khi ong. Nh lai cac timer em len va at c bao tran khi co s chuyen tiep FFFFH sang 0000H. mot khoang 100s co the c nh thi bang cach khi ong tr cho TL1/TH1 la FF9c: MOV TL1, # 9CH MOV TH1, # OFFH sau: Roi timer c cho chay bang cach ieu khien bit nh SETB TR1 C bao tran c t ong at len sau 100 s. Phan mem co the i trong 100 s bang cach dung lenh re nhanh co ieu kien nhay en chnh no trong khi c bao tran cha c at len 1: WAIT: JMB TF1, WAIT
Khi timer tran, can dng timer va xoa c bao tran trong phan mem:
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CLR CLR *
TR1 TF1
oc timer ang chay:
Trong mot so ng dung can oc gia tr trong cac thanh ghi timer ang chay. V phai oc 2 thanh ghi timer, sai pha neu byte thap tran vao byte cao gia hai lan oc. Gia tr co the oc c khong ung. Giai phap la oc byte cao trc, ke o oc byte thap roi oc byte cao mot lan na. Neu byte cao a thay oi th lap lai cac hoat ong oc. Cac lenh di ay oc cac lenh thanh ghi timer TL1/TH1 vao cac thanh ghi R6/R7: AGAIN: MOV A,TH1 MOV R6, TL1 CJNE R7, A 8. Cac khoang ngan va cac khoang dai: Day cac khoang thi gian co the nh thi la bao nhieu? van e nay c khao sat vi 8051/8031 hoat dong vi tan so 12 Mhz. Nh vay xung nhp cua cac timer co tan so la 1MHz. Khoang thi gian ngannhat co the b gii han khong ch bi tan so xung nhp cua timer ma con bi phan mem. Do anh hng cua thi khoang thi gian thc hien mot lenh, lenh ngan nhat cua C8031/8051 la mot chu ky may hay 1 s. Sau ay la bang tom tat cac ky thuat e tao nhng khoang thi gian co chieu dai khac nhau (vi gia s xung nhp cho C8031/8051 co tan so 12MHz). Khoang thi gian toi a (s ) 10 256 65535 Khong gii han Ky thuat - Bang phan mem - Timer 8 bit vi t ong nap lai - Timer 16 bit - Timer 16 bit cong vi cac vong lap phan mem
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Cac ky thuat e lap trnh cac khoang thi gian (Fosc = 12 MHz) C. HOAT ONG CUA BO NGAT (INTERRUPT): I. GII THIEU: Mot interrupt (ngat) la s xay ra mot ieu kien mot s kien, ma no gay treo tam thi chng trnh trong ieu kien co c phuc vu bi mot chng trnh khac. Cac Interrupt ong vai tro quan trong trong viec thiet ke va cai at cac ng dung vi ieu khien. Chung cho phep he thong bat ong bo vi mot s kien va giai quyet mot s kien trong khi o mot chng trnh khac ang thc thi. Mot he thong c ieu khien bang interrupt cho ta ao giac la lam nhieu viec ong thi. D nhien la CPU ong thi khong the thc thi hn mot lenh. Nhng no co the tam treo viec thc thi mot chng trnh e thc thi mot chng trnh khac, roi quay ve chng trnh th nhat. Theo cach nay, interrupt giong nh mot chng trnh con, nhng co mot khac biet trong he thong c ieu khien la s ngat quang khong xay ra nh ket qua cua mot lenh, ma ap ng mot s kien xay ra bat ong bo vi chng trnh chnh. Ngi ta khong biet luc nao va au chng trnh chnh b ngat quang. Chng trnh giai quyet ngat goi la chng trnh phuc vu ngat (ISR: Iterrupt Service Routine) hoac bo x ly ngat. ISR thc thi ap ng ngat va thong thng thc hien tac vu nhap hay xuat vi mot thiet b. Khi ngat xay ra, chng trnh chnh tam thi b treo va re nhanh en ISR: ISR thi hanh va ket thuc bang lenh tr ve ngat. Chng trnh tiep tuc thc thi tai cho ma no tam dng. Thng ngi ta xem chng trnh chnh thc thi mc nen (c s) va cac ISR thc thi ngat (Interrupt Level). Ngi ta dung thuat ng Foreground (pha trc) (Base Level) ch mc nen va Background (pha sau)(Interrupt level) ch mc ngat. Hnh anh cac ngat c mo ta trong hnh sau:
CHNG TRNH CHNH
Thc thi chng trnh khong co ngat

ISR ISR ISR Le
* ** * ** * ** Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong C/tr C/tr C/tr C/tr c Nhat chnh chnh chnh chnh
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Thc thi chng trnh co ngat * **
: goi ngat : quay ve t ngat
II. TO CHC NGAT CUA C8031/8051: That s tat ca cac nguon ngat C8031/8051: 2 ngat ngoai, 2 t timer va mot ngat Port noi tiep. Tat ca cac ngat theo mac nhien eu b cam sau khi Reset he thong va c cho phep bang phan mem. Khi co 2 hoac nhieu ngat ong thi, 1 ngat xay ra trong khi 1 ngat khac ang c phuc vu, co ca 2 s tuan t hoi vong va s o u tien 2 mc dung e xac nh thc hien ngat. Viec hoi vong tuan t th co nh nhng u tien ngat th co the lap trnh c. 1. Cho phep va cam cac ngat: (Enabling and Daibling Interrupt) Moi nguon Interrup c cho phep hoac cam tng ngat qua mot thanh ghi chc nang at biet co a ch bit IE (Interrupt Enable) a ch A8H. Cung nh xac nh bit cho phep rieng biet cho moi nguon ngat, co mot bit cho phep/cam toan bo c xoa e cam hoan toan cac ngat c xet (at len 1) e cho phep tat ca cac ngat. Bit IE.7 IE.6 IE.5 IE.4 IE.3 IE.2 IE.1 IE.0 Ky hieu EA _ ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 a ch bit AFH AEH ADH ACH ABH AAH A8H A8H Mo ta (1 = cho phep, 0=cam) Cho phep / cam toan bo Khong c nh ngha Cho phep ngat t timer 2(8052) Cho phep ngat Port noi tiep Cho phep ngat t timer 1 Cho phep ngat ngoai Cho phep ngat t timer 0 Cho phep ngat ngoai 0
Bang: Tom tat thanh ghi IE
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Hai bit phai c at len mot e cho phep bat ky ngat nao: bit cho phep rieng va bit cho phep toan bo.V du cac ngat t timer c cho phep nh sau: SETB SETB ET1 ; Cho phep ngat t timer 1. EA ; at bit cho phep toan bo. IE, #10001000B.
Hoac : MOV
Mac du hai cach nay co cung mot hieu qua sau khi reset he thong nhng hieu qua se khac neu IE c ghi gia chng trnh. Cach th nhat khong anh hng ti 5 bit trong thanh ghi IE, trai lai cach th hai se xoa cac bit khac. Nen khi tr IE theo cach th hai au chng trnh (ngha la sau khi m may hoac reset he thong), nhng cho phep va cam cac ngat ngay trong chng trnh nen dung cach th nhat e tranh anh hng en cac bit khac trong thanh ghi IE. 2. u tien ngat (IP: Interrupt Priority) Moi nguon ngat c lap trnh rieng vao mot trong hai mc u tien qua thanh ghi chc nang ac biet c a ch bit IP a ch B8H. Bit IP.7 IP.6 IP.5 IP.4 IP.3 IP.2 IP.1 IP.0 Ky hieu _ PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 a ch bit BFH BEH BDH BCH BAH BAH B9H B8H Mo ta (1= mc cao hn, 0 = mc thap hn) Khong c nh ngha Khong c nh ngha u tien cho ngat t timer 2 (8052) u tien cho ngat t port noi tiep u tien cho ngat t timer1 u tien cho ngat ngoai u tien cho ngat t timer 0 u tien cho ngat ngoai 0
Bang: Tom tat thanh ghi IP. IP b xoa sau khi reset he thong e (mac nhien) at tat ca cac ngat mc u tien thap hn. Y tng u tien cho phep mot ISR se b ngat bi mot ngat co o u tien cao hn ngat ang phuc vu. ieu nay th ro rang tren C8051/8031, v ch co hai mc u tien. Neu mot ISR co mc u tien thap ang thc thi khi mot ngat co u tien cao xay ra th ISR b ngat. ISR cao hn khong b ngat.
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Chng trnh mc thc thi mc nen (Base-Lavel) va khong lien he vi bat c ngat nao, co the luon luon b ngat quang bat c u tien cua ngat. Neu hai Interrupt (ngat) co u tien khac nhau xay ra ong thi th Interrupt (ngat) co o u tien cao hn c phuc vu trc. 3. Hoi vong tuan t (Polling Sequence): Neu hai ngat co cung o u tien xay ra ong thi, s hoi vong tuan t se xac nh cai nao c phuc vu trc tien. Hoi vong tuan t la ben ngoai 0, timer0, ben ngoai, timer1, port noi tiep va ngat u tien timer.
thap ngat u tien cao
INT0
1 0
IE0
IT0
IE0
EX0 ET0
PX0 PT0
1 0 1
INT1
1 0
IE1
IT1
IE1
EX1 ET1 ES
0 PX1 1
PT1 PS
0 1 0 1 0
RI T1
Tong the ngat C Hnh di ay minh hoa 5 nguon ngat, c che rieng biet va toan bo, hoi vong tuan t va cac mc u tien. Trang thai cua tat ca cac nguon ngat kha dung qua cac bit c tng ng trong cac ISR (Special funetyon Registers). D nhien neu co bat ky ngat nao b cam ngat khong xay ra, nhng phan mem van co the kiem tra c ngat. Cac th du ve timer va port noi tiep trong cac muc trc a s dung cac c ngat mot cach m rong ma khong dung ngat.
cac cho phep ngat cho phep toan bo
tuan t hoi vong ngat cap nhap ngat
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Ngat Port noi tiep co t Logic OR cua ngat thu (RI) va phat (TI). Cac bit c tao cac ngat c tom tac trong bang sau: Ngat Ben ngoai 0 Ben ngoai 1 Timer 0 Timer 1 Port noi tiep Port noi tiep C IE0 IE1 TF0 TF1 TI RI Thanh ghi SER va v tr bit TCON.1 TCON.3 TCON.5 TCON.7 SCON.1 SCON.0
III. X LY NGAT (Processing Interrupt): Khi ngat xay ra va CPU chap thuan, chng trnh chnh ngat quang nhng hoat ong sau ay xay ra: + Lenh hien hanh hoan tat viec thc thi. + Cap PC vao ngan xep. + Trang thai ngat hien hanh c cat vao ben trong. + Cac ngat b chan mc ngat. + Nap vao PC a ch vectorcua ISR. + ISR thc thi. ISR thc thi va ap ng ngat. ISR hoan tat bang lenh RET1 (quay ve t ngat). ieu nay lam lay lai gia tr cu PC t ngan xep va lap lai trang thai ngat cu. Thc thi chng trnh chnh cho ma no b dng. Cac vector ngat (Interrupt Vectors): Khi chap nhan ngat, gia tr c nap vao PC c goi la vector ngat. No la a ch bat au cua ISR cho nguon tao ngat. Cac vector ngat c cho bang sau: Ngat Reset thong he C RST a ch vector 0000H
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Ben ngoai 0 Timer 0 Ben ngoai 1 Timer 1 Port noi tiep
IE0 TF 0 IE 1 TF 1 T1 hoac R1
0003H 000BH 0013H 001BH 0023H
Bang : Cac vector ngat Vector Reset he thong (RST a ch 0000H) c e trong bang nay v theo ngha nay no giong Interrupt: no ngat chng trnh chnh va nap gia tr mi cho PC. Khi ch en mot ngat, c gay ra ngat t ong b xoa bi phan cng. Cac ngoai le la RI va TI vi cac ngat port noi tiep va TF2, EXF2 vi cac Interruput Time. V co hai nguon co the cho moi ngat nay, khong thc te e CPU xoa c ngat. Cac bit nay phai c kiem tra trong ISR e xac nh nguon ngat va c tao ngat se c xoa bang phan mem. Thong thng mot re nhanh xay ra vi mot phai ng thch hp, phu thuoc vao nguon ngat. V cac vector ngat phan au cua bo nh chng trnh, nen lenh th nhat cua chng trnh chnh thng la lenh nhay qua chng trnh chnh nay. V du nh lenh LJMP 0030H. IV. THIET KE CHNG TRNH DUNG CAC NGAT: Cac v du trong cac muc troc a khong s dung cac ngat nhng a co vong lap i e kiem tra cac c bao tran (TFO hoac TF1) hoac cac c thu va c phat Port noi tiep (TI va RI). Van e trong phng phap nay la thi gian thc thi co ga tr cua CPU hoan toan khong b tieu ton trong viec i cac c. ieu nay hoan toan khong thch hp vi cac ng dung cua vi ieu khien, trong o bo vi ieu khien phai tng tac vi nhieu thiet b xuat nhap ong thi. Trong phan nay ta se khao sat cach phat trien chng trnh dung vi ieu khien. sau: Khung e ngh cho mot chng trnh phuc vu ngat nh ORS 0000H ; iem vao Reset. Ljmp main; cac iem vao ISR.
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Org 0030H; iem vao chng trnh chnh. Main: chng trnh chnh bat au. Lenh th nhat nhay ti a ch 0030H, va tren cac v tr ma cac ISR bat au. Nh c ve hnh sau, chng trnh chnh bat au a ch 0030H.
FFFFH
0030H 0029H LJMP main 0000H
Chng trnh chnh Cac iem vao Reset va ngat
Hnh : To chc bo nh khi kch 1.Chng trnh phuc vu ngat codungthc nho : cac ngat Cac chng trnh phuc vu ngat phai bat au gan phan au cua bo nh chng trnh cac a ch trong bang cac vectr ngat. Mat du co 8 byte cac iem vao ngat, thng u bo nh e thc hien cac hoat ong mong muon va quay ve chng trnh chnh t IRS. Neu ch co mot nguon ngat c s dung, v du timer 0, th co the s dung khung sau: ORS 000H; Reset LJMP MAIN ORG 000BH; iem vao time 0 TOIRS: ; ISR cho time 0 bat au.
RETI; quay ve chng trnh chnh. MAIN: Chng trnh chnh. Neu s dung nhieu ngat phai am bao la chung phai bat au t v tr ung va khong chay qua ISR ke. V
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ch co mot ngat c s dung trong v du tren, chng trnh chnh co the bat ngay sau lenh RETI.
2. Cac chng trnh phuc vu ngat co kch thc ln: Neu ISR dai hn 8 byte, co the can chuyen no ti mot ni nao o trong bo nh chng trnh hoac co the e no i lo qua iem vao cua ngat ke. Tieu bieu la ISR bat au vi lenh nhay en vung nh khac o co the m rong chieu dai cac ISR. V du luc nay ch xet timer 0, co the s dung khung sau: ORS 000H; Reset LJMP MAIN ORG 000BH; cac vector ngat tiep theo. MAIN: TOISR: RETI: ; ISR cho time 0. ; quay ve chng trnh chnh.
e n gian chng trnh ch lam vec mot luc ban au. Chng trnh khi ong Timer, Port noi tiep va cac thanh ghi ngat cho thch hp va roi khong lam g ca. Cong vec c hoan toan lam trong ISR. Sau cac khi ong, chng trnh cha cac lenh sau: HERE: SJMP HERE
Hay dang viet gan gon: SJMP Khi ngat xay ra, chng trnh chnh b ngat quang tam thi trong khi ISR thc thi. Lenh RETI cuoi ISR tra ieu khien ve chng trnh chnh va no tiep tuc khong lam g ca. Trong nhieu ng dung ieu khien, nhieu cong viec that ra c thc hien hoan toan trong ISR. V s dung ngat, nen lenh SJMP (HERE: SJMP HERE) co the c thay the bang cac lenh thc hien cong viec khac trong ng dung.
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V. CAC NGAT CUA C8051/8031: 1. Cac ngat Timer: Cac ngat timer co a ch vertor ngat la 000BH (Timer 0) va 001BH (Timer1). Ngat Timer xay ra khi cac thanh ghi Timer (TLX/THX) tran va set cac c bao tran (TFX) len 1. Chu y rang cac c Timer (TFX) khong b xoa bang phan mem. Khi cho phep ngat, t ong b xoa bang pham cng khi CPU chuyen en ngat. 2. Cac ngat cong noi tiep: Ngat cong noi tiep xay ra khi c ngat phat (TI) hoac c ngat thu (RI) c at len 1. Ngat phat xay ra khi truyen mot ky t va c ghi vao SBUF. Ngat thu xay ra khi mot ky t a c nhan xong va ang i trong SBUF c oc. Ngat cong noi tiep hi khac vi cac ngat Timer. C gay ngat cong noi tiep khong b xoa bang phan cng khi CPU chuyen ti ngat. Nguyen do la co hai nguon cong ngat noi tiep: TI va RI. Nguon ngat phai c xac nh trong ISR va c tao ngat se c xoa bang phan mem. 3. Cac ngat ngoai: Cac ngat xay ra khi co mot mc thap hoac canh xuong tren chan INT0 hoac INT1 cua C8051/8031. ay la chc nang chuyen oi cua cac bit Port 3: P3.2 (Chan 12) va P3.3 (chan 13). Cac c tao ngat la cac bit IE0 va IE1 trong TCON. Khi quyen ieu khien a chuyen en ISR, c tao ngat ch c xoa neu ngat c tch cc canh xuong. Neu ngat c tch cc theo mc, th nguon yeu cau ngat ben ngoai se ieu khien mc cua c thay cho phan cng. S la chon ngat tch cc mc thap hay tch cc canh xuong c lap trnh qua cac bit IT0 va IT1 trong TCON. V du, neu IT1 = 0, ngat ngoai 1 c kch khi bang mc thap chan INT1. Neu IT1 = 1, ngat ngoai 1 c kch khi bang canh. Trong che o nay, neu cac mau lien tiep tren chan INT1 ch mc cao trong mot chu ky va thap trong mot chu ky ke, c yeu cau ngat IE1 trong TCON c at len mot. Roi bit c IE2 yeu cau ngat.
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V cac chan ngat ngoai a c lay mau mot lan moi chu ky may, ngo vao nen c gi trong toi thieu 12 chu ky dao ong e am bao lay mau ung. Neu ngat ngoai c tac ong theo canh xuong, nguon ben ngoai se gi chan yeu cau cao toi thieu 1 chu ky va gi no mc thap mot chu ky na e phat hien c canh xuong. IE1 va IE0 t ong c xoa khi CPU chuyen ti ngat. Neu ngat ngoai c tac ong theo mc, nguon ben ngoai phai gi yeu cau tac ong cho en khi ngat c yeu cau th c s c tao ra. Roi no phai tac ong yeu cau trc khi ISR c hoan tat, neu khong mot ngat mot ngat se c lap lai. Thong thng khi vao ISR ngi ta lam nguon yeu cau a tn hieu tao ngat ve trang thai khong tac ong. D. TAP LENH CUA C8051/8031: Tap lenh cua C8051/8031 gom co 225 lenh gom 139 lenh mot byte, 92 lenh byte va 24 lenh 3 byte. I. CAC CHE O ANH A CH: Trong tap lenh co 8 che o anh a ch: 1. a ch thanh ghi (Register Addressing): C 8051/8031co bon bank thanh ghi, moi bank thanh ghi co 8 thanh ghi anh t R0 en R7. Tai moi thi iem ch co mot bank thanh ghi c tch cc. Muon chon bank thanh ghi nao ta ch can gan cac bit nh phan thch hp vao RSI(PSW.4) va PRO(PSW.3) trong thanh ghi trang thai chng trnh (PSW). Ngoai ra, mot thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet nh 8 thanh ghi tch luy, con tro d lieu, cung c xac nh trong cac lenh nen khong can cac bit a ch. Trong cac lenh nay thanh ghi tch luy c ky hieu laA, con tro d lieu laDTPR, thanh ghi em chng trnh PC, c nh laC, cap thanh ghi tch luy laA,B.
Ma lenh
a ch thanh ghi. 2. a ch trc tiep (Direct Addressing):

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Trong che o nay, cac thanh ghi ben trong C8051/8031 c anh a ch trc tiep bang 8 bit a ch nam trong byte th hai cua ma lenh.
Ma lenh
a ch trc tiep
a ch trc tiep Du vay trnh t hp dch cho phep goi ten cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet (co a ch trc tiep t 80H en FFH). V du, Port cho Port 0, TMOD cho thanh ghi che o Timer,
3. a ch gian tiep (Indirect Addressing): RO va RI c dung e ch a ch o nh ma tac ong en. Ngi ta qui c dung dau @ trc RO va RI
Ma lenh
a ch gian tiep 4. a ch tc thi: Ngi ta dung dau # trc toan hang tc thi.Cac toan hang o co the la mot hang so, mot ky so hay mot bieu thc toan hoc Trnh hp dch se t ong tnh toan va thay the d lieu trc tiep vao ma lenh. D lieu tc thi
Ma lenh a ch tc thi
5. a ch tng oi (Relaytive Addessing): a ch tng oi c dung trong cac lenh nhay. C8031/8051 dung gia tr 8 bit co dau e cong thanh em
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chng trnh (PC). Tam nhay cua lenh nay trong khoang t 128 en 127 o nh. Trc khi cong, thanh ghi PC se tang en a ch cua lenh nhay roi tnh toan a ch offset can thiet e nhay en a ch yeu cau. Nh vay a ch mi la a ch tng oi so vi lenh ke ch khong phai lenh nhay. Thng lenh nay co lien quan en nhan c nh ngha trc.
Ma lenh a ch tng oi
offset tng oi
6. a ch tuyet oi (Absolute Addessing): a ch tuyet oi dung trong cac lenh ACALL va AJMP. Cac lenh 2 Byte dung e re nhanh vao mot trang 2 Kbyte cua bo nh chng trnh bang cach cap 11 bit a ch thap (A0..A10) e xac nh a ch ch trong trang ma. Con 5 bit cao cua a ch ch (A11..A15) chnh la 5 bit cao hien hanh trong thanh ghi em chng trnh. V vay, a ch cua lenh theo sau lenh re nhanh va a ch ch cua lenh re nhanh can phai cung trang ma 2KByte (co cung 5 bit a ch cao). A1 5 A1 A1 1 0 A0
Xac nh trang ma
Xac nh a ch tng oi trong ma
A1 0
Ma lenh
offset tng oi
a ch tuyet oi 7. a ch dai (Long Addressing): a ch dai dung cho lenh LCALL va LJMP. Cac lenh nay chiem 3 byte va dung 2 byte sau (byte 2 va byte 3) e xac nh a ch ch cua lenh (6bit). u iem cua lenh nayla co the s dung trong toan vung nh 64KB. Tuy nhien, lenh nay chiem nhieu byte va phu thuoc vao v tr o nh.
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Ma lenh a ch dai
A15-A8
A7-A0
8. a ch tham chiem: a ch tham chieu dung mot thanh ghi c ban (hoac thanh ghi em chng trnh PC hoac thanh ghi con tro d lieu DPTR) va a ch offset (trong thanh ghi tch luy A) e tao a ch c tac ong cho cac lenh JMP hoac MOVC. Cac bang nhay va bang tm kiem de dang c tao ra e s dung a ch tham chieu. a ch c Offset ban PC hoac + ACC DPTR a ch tham chieu a ch c tac ong
=
II. KHAO SAT TAP LENH 8051: 1. Cac nhom lenh: Lenh co the chia thanh nhieu nhom theo nhieu cach. Cusman e ngh theo 4 cach sau: Nhom lenh x ly d lieu: tac ong len d lieu theo nhieu cach bao gom: Lenh so hoc. Lenh luan ly. Lenh so sanh . Lenh dch. Lenh ac biet. Nhom lenh truyen d lieu: di chuyen t ni nay sang ni khac trong mach thiet ke ma khong lam thay oi d lieu nh sau: Lenh truyen bo nh. Lenh xuat nhap.
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Lenh ngan xep. Nhom lenh kiem soat chng trnh: chuyen ieu khien t ni nay sang ni khac e at en lenh mong muon: Lenh nhay khong ieu kien. Lenh nhay co ieu kien. Lenh goi chng trnh con. Lenh dng va khong hoat ong. Nhom lenh kiem soat trang thai: nham thay oi tnh trang cua mach thiet ke ma khong anh hng en d lieu hay th t thc hien lenh. 2. Cac lenh so hoc: a. Lenh cong: ADD A,7FH ( nh v trc tiep) ADD A,@RO ( nh v gian tiep) ADD A,R7 b. Lenh nhan: MUL A,B Se nhan cac gia tr khong dau 8 bit thanh ghi A va thanh ghi B ket qua la 16 bit em cac vao phan 8 bit thanh ghi Ava phan cao 8 bit ghi thanh B. c. Lenh chia: DIV A,B Se em gia tr thanh ghi A chia cho gia tr thanh ghi bit, ket qua c cat thanh ghi A,va phan d se cat thanh ghi B. d. Cac lenh luan ly: AND A,55H (nh v trc tiep) AND A,@RO (nh v gian tiep) AND A,R6 (nh v thanh ghi)
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AND A,#33H (nh v tc thi) Ngoai ra con gom cac lenh luan ly tng t nh: OR, XOR, NOT. Tat ca cac lenh nay eu c thc hien tren cac byte d lieu c s va cac bit cua tng byte. e. Nhom lenh truyen d lieu: Truyen ben trong bo nh: Dang lenh: MOV < ch > , < nguon > Lenh nay cho phep di chuyen d lieu gia hai v tr ben trong bo nh hay thanh ghi chc nang ac biet ma khong can thong qua thanh ghi lu tr. Dang lenh trao oi d lieu cho nhau: XCH A,< nguon > Lenh nay bat thanh ghi A va byte a ch trao oi d lieu cho nhau. Truyen bo nh ngoai: Cac lenh di chuyen d lieu gia bo nh trong va bo nh ngoai nh s nh a ch trc tiep. Cac lenh luan ly x ly tren bit: 1) 1) Lenh SETB Lenh CLR P1.7 ( lap mc logic1 bit 7 cong P1.7 ( lap mc logic 0 bit 7 cong
Lenh di chuyen d lieu mot thanh ghi c en cong. MOV MOV C, FLAG P1.0,C
Nhom lenh re nhanh chng trnh: Lenh nhay khong ieu kien. Lenh RETI tr ve t chung trnh phuc vu ngat.
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CHNG III: KHAO SAT IC THU PHAT TONE MT8880:
MT8880 la mot IC thu phat DTMF tron bo kem theo mot bo loc thoai (Call Progress Filter). Bo thu DTMF da tren ky thuat chuan cua IC MT8870, con goi la bo phat DTMF s dung phng phap bien oi D/A bien dung (Swiched Capacitor) cho ra tn heu DTMF chnh xac, t nhieu. Cac bo em ben trong giup hnh thanh che o Brust Mode nh vay cac cap tone xuat ra vi thi hang chnh xac. Bo loc Call Progress cho phep bo vi x ly phan tch cac tone trang thai ng day. Bus chuan cua no ket hp MPU va ac biet thch hp ho 6800 cua Motorola. MT8880 co 5 thanh ghi ben trong e giao tiep vi P, co the chia lam 3 loai: Nhan phat data: 2 thanh ghi. Thanh ghi trang thai. Nhan t ieu khien: 2 thanh ghi. I. MO TA CHC NANG: IC phat tone MT8880 bao go bo thu DTMF chat lng cao (kem bo khuech ai) va mot bo tao DTMF s dung BUST COUNTER giup cho viec tong hp ong ngat tone c chnh xac. Ngoai ra ta co the chon che o CALL PROGRESS e giup phat hien cac tan so nam trong giai thong thoai. o la cac tn hieu trang thai ng day. II. CAU HNH NGO VAO: Thiet ke au vao cua MT8880 cung cap mot bo khuech ai OPAMP ngo vao vi sai cung nh mot ngo vao VREF e ieu chnh thien ap cho au vao tai VDD/2. Chan GS giup noi ngo ra bo khuech ai vi ngo vao qua mot ien tr ngoai e ieu chnh o li. Bo thu: Hai bo loc bang thong bac 6 giup tach cac tone trong cac nhom tone LOW va HIGH. au ra moi bo loc ien dung giup nan dang tn hieu trc khi qua bo han bien. Viec han bien c am nhiem bi bo so sanh (Comparator) co kem theo bo tre e tranh chon lam tn hieu mc thap khong
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mong muon. au ra cua bo so sanh cho ta cac dao ong co mc logic tai tan so DTMF thu c. Tiep theo phan loc la bo giai ma s dung ky thuat em so e kiem tra tan so cua cac tone thu c va bao am chung tng ng vi cac tan so DTMF chuan. Mot ky thuat lay trung bnh phc giup loai tr cac tone gia tao thanh do tieng noi trong khi van am bao mot khoang bien ong cho tone thu do b lech. Khi bo kiem tra nhan dang c hai tone ung th au ra early steering (Est) se len mc Active. Luc khong nhan c tn hieu tone th Est se len mc Inactive. 1. Mach STEERING:
VDD
VDD St/GT Est MT888 0
C1
R1
Trc khi thu nhan mot cap tone a giai ma, bo thu phai kiem tra xem thi hang cua tn hieu co ung khong. Viec kiem tra nay c thc hien bi mot bo RC mac ngoai. Khi Est len HIGH lam cho Vc tang len khi tu xa. Khi ma Est van con HIGH trong mot thi oan hp le (tone) th Vc tien ti mc ngng Vtst cua logic Steering e nhan mot cap tone va chot 4 bit ma tng ng vi no vao thanh ghi Receive Data Register. Luc nay, au ra GT c kch hoat va ay Vc len ti VDD. Cuoi cung sau mot thi gian delay ngan cho phep viec chot Data thc hien xong th c cua mach Steering len HIGH bao hieu rang cap tone thu c a c lu vao thanh ghi. Ta co the kiem tra bit tng ng trong thanh ghi trang thai. Neu ta cho Mode Interrup th chan IRQ/CP se xuong LOW khi c nay c kch hoat. D lieu thu c se i ra Databus (2 chieu) khi thanh ghi Receive Data c oc. Mach steering lai hoat ong nhng theo chieu ngc lai e kiem tra khoang dng gia hai so c quay. V vay bo thu va bo qua tn hieu qua ngan khong hp le va khong chap nhan cac khoang ngat qua nho khong the coi la khoang dng gia cac so. Chc nang nay, cung nh kha nang chon thi hang Steering bang mach ngoai cho phep ngi thiet ke ieu
Hnh 5.2: Mach steering
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chnh hoat ong cho phu hp vi cac oi hoi khac nhau cua tng ng dung. 2. BO LOC THOAI: Mode CALL PROGRESS khi c chon th cho phep kiem tra cac tone khac nhau the hien trang thai ng day. au vao cua Call Progress va mode tone DTMF la chung nhng tone Call Progress ch co the kiem tra neu ta chon mode CP. DTMF tone lai khong the nhan dang c neu ta chon mode CP. Cac tan so a en au vao (+IN va IN) nam trong gii han bang thong chap nhan cua bo loc (280-550 Hz) se a qua bo so sanh co o li cao va en chan IRQ/CP. Dang song au ra tao bi mach trigger co the phan tch bi vi x ly e xac nh tnh chat cua cac tone trang thai ng day. Cac tan so trong vung loai bo se khong c kiem tra va nh vay se khong co tn hieu nao chan IRQ/CP khi gap cac tan so nay. Bo phat DTMF trong MT8880 co kha nang tao tat ca 16 cap tone DTMF chuan vi nhieu toi thieu va o chnh xac cao. Tat ca tan so nay eu lay t dao ong thach anh 3.579545 Mhz mac ngoai. Dang song sin cua tng tone c tong hp so bang cach s dung bo phan chia hang va cot tong hp c, va bo bien oi D/A bien dung. Cac tone hang va cot c tron lai va loc e cho ra tn hieu DTMF vi t hai va o chnh xac cao. e phat mot tn hieu DTMF th d lieu tng ng vi dang ma bang (.1) se phai c viet vao thanh ghi Transmit Data. Chu y rang ma phat nay tng ng vi ma nhan. Cac tone rieng le c phan thanh hai nhom la: nhom thap va nhom cao (flow va high). Nh bang sau, cac so trong nhom thap la 697, 770, 852 va 941 Hz Theo tieu chuan th ty so bien o cua nhom cao vi nhom thap la 2dB e tranh suy hao tan so cao tren ng truyen. Bang ma hoa cac tn hieu quay so DTMF:
flow 697 697 697 770 770
fhigh Digit 1209 1 1336 2 1477 3 1209 4 1336 5
D0 0 0 0 0 0
D1 0 0 0 1 1
D2 0 1 1 0 0
D3 1 0 1 0 1
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770 852 852 852 941 941 941 697 770 852 941
1477 1209 1336 1477 1029 1336 1477 1663 1663 1663 1663
6 7 8 9 0 * # A B C D
0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Thi hang cua moi tone bao gom 32 thi oan giong nhau. Thi hang cua mot tone c ieu khien bang cach thay oi o dai cua cac thi oan tren. Trong hoat ong ghi vao thanh ghi Transmith Data th 4 bit data tren bus c chot va bien oi thanh 2 trong 8 ma e s dung cho mach chia hang cot. Ma nay c s dung e quyet nh thi oan tan so cua mot tone. 3. BURST MODE: Mot ng dung ien thoai bat ky eu oi hoi tn hieu DTMF c tao ra vi mot thi hang hoac c quy nh bi ng dung o hoac bi he thong chuyen mach hien co. Thi hang DTMF chuan co the c tao ra bang cach s dung Burst Mode. Bo phat co kha nang tong hp cac tone co khoang tat/m trong thi gian nh trc. Thi gian nay la 51 ms 1ms va la chuan cho bo quay so t ong va tong ai. Sau khi khoang tat /m tone a c phat i, 1 bit tng ng se c lap trong thanh ghi trang thai e bieu th rang bo phat a san sang cho data ke. Thi hang 51 ms 1ms ong /m tone co c khi ta chon mode DTMF. Tuy nhien khi CP mode (Call Progress Mode) c chon th mot thi hang ong ngat th hai la 102ms 2ms se c s dung. Khoang thi hang dai hn nay se hu ch khi thi gian xuat hien tone la 51 ms. Chu y rang khi CP mode va burst mode cung c chon th MT8880 ch hoat ong che o phat ma thoi. Trong mot ng dung nao o khi ta can mot khoang thi gian ong ngat khac (khong theo chuan) th phai dung vong lap phan mem hay mot bo nh ben ngoai va tat che o Busrt Mode i. IC MT8880 khi c khi ong se mac nhien chon che o DTMF mode va Burst mode ong thi.
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4. Tao Tone n: (Single Tone) Che o tao tone n c dung khi ta ch muon tao mot tone nao o trong nhom thap hoac cao. Che o nay dung e kiem tra thiet b DTMF va e tnh toan nhieu, va c chon thanh ghi Control Register B. 5. Mach Clock DTMF: Mach clock oc s dung ket hp vi tan so mau chuan tivi co tan so cong hng la 3.579545 Mhz. Mot nhom IC MT 8880 co the noi vi nhau dung chung mot dao ong thach anh. 6. Bo giao tiep vi vi x ly: MT8880 s dung mot bo giao tiep vi x ly cho phep ieu khien mot cach chnh xac vi chc nang thu va phat. Co tong cong 5 thanh ghi chia lam ba loai: Thanh ghi d lieu thu /phat, thanh ghi ieu khien thu /phat va thanh ghi trang thai. Co hai thanh ghi d lieu: thanh ghi Receive data cha ma xuat ra cua cap tone DTMF hp le gan nhat va la thanh ghi ch oc. Data a vao thanh ghi Transmith Data se qui nh cap tone nao c phat i, Data ch co the c vao thanh ghi nay. ieu khien thu phat tone c am nhan bi 2 thanh ghi Control Register A va Control Register B (CRA va CRB) co cung mot a ch. Muon ghi vao thanh ghi CRB th trc o phai co set mot bit tng ng CRA. Chu ky ghi ke tiep vao cung a ch vi CRA se cho phep truy cap ti CRB. Va chu ky ghi ke tiep na se tr lai CRA. Khi cap ien mach ien reset noi se xoa cac thanh ghi ieu khien. Tuy vay, e ngan nga th chng trnh phan mem nen co mot dong lenh e kch khi cac thanh ghi nay. Gia s rang thanh ghi phat rong sau khi reset, ta xem qua cac bang (3, 4, 5 va 6) e thay ro chi tiet ve cac thanh ghi ieu khien. Chan IRQ/CP co the c lap trnh sao cho no co the cung cap tn hieu yeu cau ngat sau khi nhan xung DTMF hp le hay khi bo phat a san sang cho data ke tiep (ch trong Busrt mode). Chan IRQ/CP la ngo ra cc mang h va v the can co mot ien tr keo len. Thanh ghi nhan data cha ma lenh xuat cua gia tr cuoi cung cap tone DTMF c giai ma va ch la thanh ghi oc data vao. Tn hieu data vao trong thanh ghi phat se c
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nh ro vi cap tone nao ma c phat sinh ra. Data ch co the c viet vi thanh ghi phat. Hai thanh ghi ieu khien CRA va CRB ch chiem cho trong mot khoang a ch tng ng ghep ghi vi CRB co the c thc hien bang cach at danh rieng bit trong CRA phep ghi tiep theo ti a ch tng t se c trc tiep a ti CRB va tiep theo sau cho chu ky ghi se c trc tiep tr lai CRA. Cach truy cap thanh ghi: RSO 0 0 1 1 R/W 0 1 0 1 CHC NANG Ghi vao thanh ghi Data phat oc t thanh ghi data thu Ghi vao thanh ghi ieu khien oc t thanh ghi trang thai
Trang thai thanh ghi CRA: b3 REGISTER SELECT

BIT B0 B1 TEN TONE OUTPUT CP/ DTMF MODE CONTROL
b2 b1 INTERRUPT CP/ DTMF ENABLE MODE
b0 TONE OUT
CRA (Control Register A):

CACH S DUNG Mc logic 1 cho phep tone c phat ra. Chc nang nay co the c thc hien trong Busrt mode hoac None- Busrt mode Chon mode DTMF (mc 0) cho phep thu va phat tone ong thi. Khi chon mode CP (mc1 bo loc dai bac 6) c kch hoat cho phep kiem tra cac tone trang thai ng day (call progress tone). Cac tone nay neu nam trong dai thong qui nh th c the hien chan IRQ/CP dang song hnh ch nhat neu bit IRQ c chon (B=1). Ngoai ra khi ca hai CP mode va busrt mode c chon, bo phat se phat tn hieu DTMF vi khoang tat m la 102 ms, gap oi khi ta chon mode
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B2
INTERRUP ENABLE
B3
REGISTER E SELECT
DTMF. Chu y rang tone DTMF se c thu khi mode CP c chon. Logic 1 cho phep mode Interrup. Khi mode nay mc tch cc va mode DTMF c (B1=0), chan IRQ/CP se b keo xuong mc 0 khi: + Mot tn hieu DTMF hp le c nhan va a hien hu c trong khoang thi gian an toan. + Bo phat san sang cho data ke tiep ( ch trong Busrt mode). Logic 1 cho phep CRB trong chu ky ghi ke tiep tren cung a ch nay. Chu ky ghi ke sau na se tr lai ghi vao CRA.
Trang thai thanh ghi CRB: b3 COLUMN /ROW TONE b2 SINGLE /DUAL TONE b1 TEST MODE b0 BUSRT MODE
CRB (control register B): BIT B0 TEN CACH S DUNG BUSRT MODE Mc 0 cho phep chon Busrt mode khi mode nay c chon. Data tng ng vi cap tone DTMF co the c viet vao thanh ghi phat e tao ra khoang m tone vi thi hang chuan (51ms hay 102ms). Ke tiep sau la khoang ngat tone vi thi hang tng t. Ngay sau khoang ngat tone th thanh ghi trang thai se c cap nhat bieu th rang thanh ghi phat a san sang cho cac leng mi va mot ngat c tao ra cac mode Interrupt a c chon trc o. Khi Burst Mode khong c chon trc oth tone phat ra se c tat m theo bat ky thi hang nao do ngi dung lap trnh. TEST MODE Cho phep chon Test Mode (logic 1). Khi o chan IRQ/CB se xuat hien tn hieu Steering c lam tre t bo thu
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B2
B3
DTMF. DTMF Mode phai c chon (CRA B1=0) trc khi Test Mode c kch hoat. SINGLE/ Mc logic 0 cho phap tn hieu Dual DUAL TONE Tone Multi Frequency. Logic 1 chon che GENERATION o tone n (single tone) cho phep tao ra mot tone nhom thap hoac nhom cao da vao trang thai cua bit B3 trong thanh ghi CRB. S dung vi bit B2 tren. Bo phat co the c chon e phat tan so nam tren hang hay cot va mc logic 1 se chon tan so hang.
Thanh ghi trang thai: BIT B0 C TRANG C TRANG THAI LAP THAI XOA IQR Ngat xuat hien. Ngat cha kch B1 hoac B2 a hoat. B xoa sau c lap. khi thanh ghi trang thai a c oc. THANH GHI Thi hang ngat B xoa sau khi D LIEU tone a ket thuc thanh ghi trang PHAT va bo phat ang thai c oc hay RONG ch d lieu ke khi chon (CH TRONG tiep. None_Burst Mode. BURST MODE) THANH GHI D lieu hp le B xoa sau khi D LIEU ang nam trong thanh trang thai THU AY thanh ghi d lieu c oc. thu. DELAY c lap khi phat B xoa sau khi STEERING hien thay s phat hien mot khong xuat hien tn hieu DTMF hp khong hp le le. cua tn hieu DTMF. TEN
B1
B2
B3
Y NGHA CAC CHAN:
PIN
TEN
MO TA
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 17 18
19
20
Chan vao khong ao cua OP.AMP Chan vao ao cua OP.AMP. Chon o li cho bo khuech aiOP.AMP. au ra ien ap tnh VDD/2 c dung e can bang tnh au vao. VSS ien ap am cung cap. OSC1 au vao bo dao ong thach anh. OSC2 Dao ong thach anh 3.579545 MHz c noi gia OSC1 va OSC2 tao thanh dao ong dong ien ben trong vi mach. TONE Ngo ra tone DTMF. R/W Chan e CPU ieu khien trc tiep oc viet data. CS Chip Select. RSO Chan chon Register. 2 Xung ong ho he thong. IRQ / Yeu cau ngat gi ti MPU (Chan cc CP mang h). Khi Mode Call Progress (CP) che o ngat interrupt cung c chon, chan IRQ/CP se a ra dang song hnh ch nhat ac trng cho tn hieu au vao OP.AMP vi ieu kien tn hieu au vao nay phai nam trong dai thong cua bo loc thong dai. D0- Data Bus D3 Est (Early Steering Output). Cho ra mc logic 1 khi phat hien c mot cat tone hp le. Bat k trang thai nao khong co tn hieu hp le eu cho ra logic 0. St/GT (Sreering Output/ Guard Time Output 2 chieu). Mot cap ien ap ln hn VESt khi xuat hien tai ST lam cho thiet b ghi nhan cap tone va cap nhat bo chot ngo ra. Mot ien ap nho hn VESt giai phong thiet b e thu nhan cap tone mi. Ngo ra GT lam nhiem vu reset mach nh th ben ngoai. Trang thai cua no la mot ham cua Est va ien ap tai chan St. VDD Nguon cung cap dng .
IN+ INGS VREF
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CHNG IV: GII THEU IC QX R15
Cac loai IC ghi am QX-R15 khong b anh hng bi s ngat ien a c s dung rong rai trong cac thiet b nh tieng noi, trong cac thiet b canh bao dung li noi va cac thiet b khac. I. AC IEM: + Chip n khong phan loai co the ghi vi chc nang ghi va phat tuan hoan. + Ghi phat lap lai, co the bai ton vnh vien vi cong suat tieu hao bang khong. + Cung cap nguon ien 5v, t ong bc vao trang thai tiet kiem ien. + Khi tien hanh ghi am va phat am luc ket thuc ch th bang LED. + Tnh nang chong nhieu cao. ien ap lam viec t 4.5 en 6.5v, dong ien trang thai tnh ien hnh 0,5A. Dong ien lam viec 25mA. Thi gian ghi phat co the ieu chnh c. II. S O CHAN CUA IC QX-R15:
1 VSSD REC PLAYE PLAYL NC NC NC NC NC MIC NC REF AGC VCCA
28
QSR15
14 15
RECLED\ VCCD XCLK TEST NC NC NC NC NC ROSC VCCA SP+ VSSA SP-
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III. S O KHOI BEN TRONG:

XCLK ROSC
Nhp ong ho
Bo khuech ai
nh gi
ong ho lay mau Bo loc ong ho lay mau EFPROM Bo giai ma Bo khuech ai Bo SP+ loc phan SPg
MIC MIC REF AGC
AGC
ieu chnh nguon ien VCCA VSSA VSSD VCCD Linh lien ieu khien TEST PLAYE RECLED REC PLAYL
IV. Y NGHA CAC CHAN: IC nay co 28 chan: Chan 14 va 17 la nguon ien VCCA va VCCD. Chan 16 va 1 la cac au noi mass.
- Chan 2 la au ghi am REC tac ong mc cao. Ch can au REC mc cao th du IC ang trang thai nao cung chuyen sang trang thai ghi am. Khi REC chuyen sang mc thap th ket thuc viec ghi am. Chan 3 la au kch phat am PLAYRER. Chan 4 la dau kch mc ien phat am PLAYL. Chan 28 la au ch th ghi am RECLED. Chan 10 la au vao Micro. Chan 12 la au vao goc chuan Micro MIC REF. Chan 13 la chan t ong ieu chnh o li AGC.
- Chan 26 la au vao xung nhp ong ho ben ngoai XCLK. Chan 17 va 15 la au ra loa SP+ va SP-.
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Chan 25 la au o th TEST.
- Chan 19 la au vao bo dao ong ieu khien tr ROSC. V. NGUYEN TAC HOAT ONG: 1. Dung MODUL nh trong ghi mot oan thong tin: Khi au Rec mc ien ap cao th cong viec ghi c thc thi, IC nay s dung ky thuat nh mc ien nhieu cap, moi tr so lap mau trc tiep c nh trong FEPROM no co the tai hien c s trung thc cua am thanh. Cong viec ghi se ket thuc khi khong gian bo nh b ay hay EOM se viet ti khi modul nh ket thuc. 2. Mc ien kch phat am. - Khi PLAYER mc ien ap cao lam cho linh kien t khong gian nh bat au phat am, khi linh at ti v tr EOM no se t ong bc vao trang thai tiet kiem ien. Thi gian tang len cua sn sau se lam cho linh kien phat lai t khong gian nh au tien. - Khi au PlayL bien thanh mc ien ap cao se bat au mot cu ky phat am t khong gian nh ban au. Neu viec ghi am a day khong giannh, th no se phat lai cac thong tin toan bo ca oan. Mot sn tang len sau tiep theo cua PLAYL se lam cho linh kien bat au mot chu ky phat am tiep theo t au khong gian nh. 3. Mc ien kch phat am (tng oan): Trong qua trnh chu ky phat am neu PLAYL mc ien ap thap, th linh kien ngng phat am, ong thi bc vao trang thai tiet kiem ien. Sn tang len PLAYE sau o se lam cho linh kien bat au phat am t khong gian nh au tien. 4. Ghi am (phat am oan gia): Thao tac au REC co quyen u tien cao hn so vi cac thao tac khac. Bat luan mot thao tac bat ky nao ang thc hien, sn tang len cua au REC eu se lam cho linh kien bat au ghi am t khong gian nh ban au. 5. Ghi lai thong tin:
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Mot thao tac ghi khong nhat thiet phai chiem het khong gian nh. Trc khi bo nh ay, khi chan REC mc thap se lam cho may ghi am ngng at the EOM, sau o linh kien se bc sang trang thai tiet kiem ien.
6. Phat lai tng oan thong tin: PLAYE hoac PLAYL ac mc ien cao, linh kien bat au phat am. Khi gap v tr EOM viec phat am ngng va chuyen sang trang thai tiet kiem ien. 7. Thao tac RECLED: au ra RECLED cung cap mot tn hieu co hieu qua mc ien the thap. Tn hieu o dung e kch LED e ch th ang thc hien viec ghi. Cac trang thai con lai RECLED mc the cao. 8.Thao tac ROSC: Thi gian ghi cua linh kien co the thay oi thong qua viec thay oi tr so R2 (ROSC). ieu nay cho thay cac linh kien kieu ISD 1500 thc te thi gian co the keo dai t 4.8 9,6s (ISD1506), 8 16s (ISD 1510), 16 32s (ISD 1520). at tnh o cho phep am thanh ghi co cac heu qua ac biet, khi phat co the dung toc o nhanh hay cham so vi che o bnh thng. Mot at tnh khac la co chc nang ngng tam PAUS. No co the thong qua ien tr ROSC noi vao Vcc e ngng phat am, mach ien nay noi lai vi au mass se bat au phat am. IV. PHNG PHAP S DUNG ICQS-R15. 1. Noi tiep: Theo s o noi day, noi loa, micro, phm an. Noi thong nguon ien, mach ien t ong bc vao trang thai tiet kiem ien. 2. Ghi am: An phm ghi am (tc REC gi mc the cao), mach ien bat au ghi am, Led sang. Sau khi nha REC, ket thuc ghi am, mach ien t ong co ma ket thuc EOM; sau o
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bc vao trang thai tiet kiem ien. Neu bo nh a ghi ay, viec ghi am t ong ket thuc. 3. Phat am tuan hoan: Sau khi nguon ien noi thong au L va PE hoac PL, tc la bat au phat am tuan hoan. Sau khi nha ngng phat am tuan hoan.
4. Phat am: Phat am co the kch thch bang sn xung hay mc ien ap. Moi lan phat am xong, en Led se sang mot lan (khoang 84ms). - An phm PE (PLAYE), tc la cho PE mot mach xung cao, mach ien bat au phat am. Sau khi phat am xong se t ong ket thuc, ong thi bc vao trang thai tiet kiem ien. - An phm PL (PLAYL tr thanh mc cao), mach ien bat au phat am. Sau khi phat am xonghoac PL mc thap, mach ien tr ve trang thai tiet kiem ien.
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CHNG V: GII THIEU PHNG THC LAM VIEC CUA TONG AI VA CAC THUE BAO
Nham hieu ro, ap dung tot vao viec thiet ke mach t o quay so ien thoai, ta i vao tm hieu mot vai at tnh cua ien thoai va hoay ong gia tong ai va cac thue bao. - at tnh cua ien thoai:
Bang thong lam viec 300Hz 3400 Hz. T so S/N 29,5 dB. Tong tr ien thoai 600. Dong ien qua ien thoai 5 30 mA.
ien ap khi gac may 48V DC, khi nhac may 10V DC. - He thong thue bao: am hieu giao tiep gia tong ai va
Tn hieu mi quay so (Dialtone): la tn hieu sin tan so f=425 25Hz, bien o 2VRNS tren nen DC, phat lien tuc.
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Tn hieu Dial tone - Tn hieu bao ban (Busy tone): la tn hieu Sin tan so f=425 25Hz, bien o 2VRMS tren nen DC, phat ngat quang 0,5s co 0,5 khong.
0,5s
0,5s
Tn hieu hoi am chuong (RINGBACK TONE): la Tn hieu sin tan so f=425 25Hz, bien o 2VRMS tren nen DC 10v, phat ngat quang 2s co 4s khong
0,2s 10V 0,4s
Tn hieu Ringback tone - Tn hieu chuong (ring tone) la tn hieu sin tan so f=25 Hz, bien o VPP=75V tren nen DC 48v, phat ngat quang 2s co 4s khong.
0,2s
0,4s Le
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong 48V c Nhat
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Tn hieu chong - Phng thc quay so tone DTMF va PULSE: - bang 1 khi co mot phm c an th tren ng day se xuat hien 2 tan so khac nhau thuoc nhom fthap va fcao. - Phng phap tan ghep nay chong nhieu tot hn, ngoai ra dung dang tone DTMF se tang c toc o quay nhanh gap 10 lan so vi viec thc hien quay so PULSE. Mat khac phng phap se s dung c mot so dch vu cong them tong ai. - Phng phap quay so pulse: tn hieu quay so la chuoi xung vuong, tan so chuoi d an = 10Hz, so ien thoai bang so xung ra, rieng so 0 se la 10 xung, bien o mc cao la 48v, mc thap la 10v, dang song c cho hnh di:
a 48v 10v 0v
Dang song quay so kieu PULSE a: chu ky lam viec (thi gian 48v) b: thi gian 10v, ta co a/b = 66/33 = 2 c: khoang thi gian gia 2 lan quay so trong mot cuoc goi So xung tren mot giay 10 20 pulse/s Quay so kieu Pulse cham, nen hien nay t c s dung: Phm so 1 Nhom fthap 697Hz 1,5% Nhom fcao 1209Hz 1,5 %
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 # A B C D
697Hz 1,5% 697Hz 1,5% 770Hz 1,5% 770Hz 1,5% 770Hz 1,5% 852Hz 1,5% 852Hz 1,5% 852Hz 1,5% 941Hz 1,5% 941Hz 1,5% 941Hz 1,5% 697Hz 1,5% 770Hz 1,5% 852Hz 1,5% 941Hz 1,5%
1336Hz 1,5 % 1447Hz 1,5 % 1209Hz 1,5 % 1336Hz 1,5 % 1447Hz 1,5 % 1209Hz 1,5 % 1336Hz 1,5 % 1447Hz 1,5 % 1029Hz 1,5 % 1336Hz 1,5 % 1447Hz 1,5 % 1336Hz 1,5 % 1663Hz 1,5 % 1663Hz 1,5 % 1663Hz 1,5 %
Bang : cac cap tan so DTMF - Phng thc lam viec gia cac tong ai va cac thue bao: + Nhan dang thue bao may goi nhac may: tong ai nhan dang trang thai cua thue bao thong qua s bien oi tong tr mach vong cua ng day. Bnh thng khi thue bao trang thai gac may th tong tr ng day th vo cung ln (h mach). Khi thue bao nhac may (offhook) ien tr mach vong con 150-1500 (thng la 600) o la tong tr vao cua ien thoai. Tong ai nhan biet c s thay oi nay thong qua bo cam bien trang thai ng day thue bao.
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+ Khi thue bao nhac may th tong ai se cap tn hieu Dial Tone tren ng day en thue bao, ch khi nhan c tn hieu nay th thue bao mi c quay so, co the quay so di dang DTMF va PULSE. + Tong ai nhan cac so do thue bao gi en va kiem tra, neu so au nam trong tap the so thue bao cua tong ai th tong ai se phuc vu cuoc goi noi ai. Ngc lai no phuc vu cuoc goi lien ai thong qua trung ke gi toan bo phan nh v quay so tong ai co thue bao b goi, neu so au la ma th chc nang ac biet cua tong ai se thc hien cac chc nang co the phuc vu thue bao. + Neu thue bao b goi thong thoai hoac cac ng day ket noi b ban th tong ai cap tn hieu BUSY TONE ngc ve cho thue bao goi. + Khi thue bao b goi nhac may th tong ai bien tn hieu nay va cat dong chuong kp thi e tranh h hao cho cho thue bao, ong thi cat Ring Back Tone en thue bao b goi va ket noi thong thoai cho 2 thue bao. + Khi thue bao ang thong thoai co mot thue bao gac may, tong ai ngat thong thoai 2 thue bao va cap Busy Tone cho thue bao con lai, giai toa cac thiet b phuc vu thong thoai. Khi thue bao con lai gac may tong ai ngat Busy Tone va ket thuc chng trnh phuc vu thue bao.
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PHAN II: THIET KE PHAN CNG

CHNG I: S O KHOI
KHOI DO CAM BIEN KHOI TIENG NOI
BAO ONG TAI CHO
KHOI X LY TRUNG TAM
CPU
+5v +12v -12v
KHOI GIAO TIEP NG DAY
NG DAY LINE
KHOI NGUON
Chc nang cac khoi: He thong cam bien: la thiet b au vao cua he thong, no quyet nh s chnh xac cua mach, gom cac cam bien nhiet va khoi e phat hien s co.
Khoi bao ong tai cho: tao tieng coi e bao ong.
Khoi tieng noi: dung e x cac tn hieu va ieu khien toan bo hoat ong cua he thong.
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Khoi giao tiep ng day: la bo phan giao tiep gia mach va mang ien thoai. Khoi nguon: tao ra cac nguon on ap 12v, -12v, 5v e cap cho mach hoat ong.
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CHNG II: THIET KE BO NGUON
Do yeu cau cua he thong ta can thie ke bo nguon DC on ap ( 12v, +5v), v mach hoat ong yeu cau tnh on nh cao nen bo nguon phai het sc on nh, ta co s o khoi cua mach la:
220V AC
BIEN
AP
CHN H LU
BO
LOC
ON
AP
I. BIEN AP:
220V AC
12V
Ta s dung loai bien ap co ban ngoai th trng, bien ap nay co tac dung giam ien ap xoay chieu t li ien xuong gia tr can thiet ma ta s dung. II. CHNH LU VA BO LOC: Muc ch cua chung ta la can nguon mot chieu v vay ta dung mach chnh lu e bien ien ap xoay chieu thanh ien ap mot chieu. Tuy nhien ien ap ra cua mach chnh lu van con gn ssong khong on nh, nen ta s dung tu co gia tr ln e lam phang ap mot chieu:
+V AC -V 2200 F 0v
2200 F
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III. MACH ON AP 12V: LM 7812 2 Vin Vout GND 3
+V
C1
+12v
C2
0,33 F
0,1F
-V
C3
LM 7912 2 Vin Vout GND 3
-12v
C4
0,33 F
0,1F
ien ap ra cua bo loc ta cho qua IC on ap LM7812 va LM7912 d0e on nh ien ap, cac tu C1, C2, C3, C4 co tac dung loc xung nh nhieu bao ve IC khoi b anh thung. Ta chon C 1 = C2 = 0,33 F; C3 = C4 = 1.0 F. IV. MACH ON AP +5V: LM 7805 2 Vin Vout GND 3
+V
C1
+5v
C2
0,33 F
0,1F
Tng t nh mach on ap 12v, ay ta dung mach on ap +5v e on nh ien ap ngo ra. Ta chon tu: C 1 = C2 = 0,33 F C3 = C4 = 1.0 F. Ta co the s dung mach nguon UPS e cung cap ien ap cho bo on ap, u iem cua mach nay la co
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nguon acquy e phong trng hp do s co mat ien hay day dan ien b t luc nay mach khong hoat ong c. R1 ien tr han dong nay cho acquy, chon dong nay In=0,4A Suy ra:
R1 = V 2 2V 2V ACQUY In = 20 2 20,7 24 = 7,2 0,4
Chon R1 = 10 Cac tu C2, C3 va cac ien tr R2, R3 dung tao iem mass gia. Chon R2 = R3 = 100k C2 = C3 = 1F
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CHNG III: KHOI BAO CHAY
A. THIET KE MACH CAM BIEN: I. BO CAM BIEN NHIET: Khi mot vu chay xay ra th vung chay nhiet o tang len rat cao. Li dung ac tnh nay ta dung bo cam bien nhiet e nhan biet va bao chay, ay ta dung vi mach cam bien LM335. LM335 la mot sensor thch hp e cam nhan s thay oi cua nhiet o, LM335 hoat ong nh mot zener co ien ap anh thung t le thuan vi nhiet o tuyet oi vi o gia tang 10mv/ok, LM335 hoat ong trong phap vi dong t 400A cho ti 5mA ma khong thay oi ac tnh, LM335 co sai so nho hn 10C tren tam 1000C, ac biet co ien ap ngo ra bien thien tuyen tnh theo nhiet o. 1. S o khoi: CAM BIEN NHIET
KHECH AI VI SAI
SO SANH
T/HXLL
2. Thiet ke mach: a. Cam bien LM335:
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ien ap ra LM335 la: V1 = 0,01 T ( 0 k ) Suy ra: V1 = 0,01 (273 + T ( 0 C ) = 2,73 + 0,01T ( 0 C )
(1)
Chon dong lam viec cho LM335 la 1mA Vay: R1 =

5 2,73 = 2,7 k R1 = 2,2k 0,001
Bien tr VR1 dung e chnh gia tr offset cho LM335 va VR2 dung e ieu chnh ien ap ra sao cho thoa cong thc (1): Chon VR1 =VR2= 20k Tu C1 dung e loc gai xung nhieu, chon C1 = 100uF ay ta dung mach em TL082 e ngan cach khong cho tai anh hng en au ra cua mach cam bien. b. Mach tao ap chuan:
V ien ap cua mach cam bien ty le vi nhiet o k do o e tnh theo o C ta phai tr i mot lng la 2,73V, viec nay nh vao mach tao ap chuan. Chon DZ1 la Zenner on ap 3v va I=25mA Suy ra R1: R1 = (5-3)/0,01 = 200 Chon R1 = 220
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DZ1 o ap gia tr 3V, e tao c ien ap 2,73V ta chnh bien tr VR3: Chon VR3 = 20K Tu C2 dung e loc xung chnh nhieu, chon C 2 = 10F. Ta dung mach em khong ao e ngan anh hng cua tai. c. Mach khuech ai vi sai:
Ta co:
( R5 + VR 4 )V 1 ( khiV2 = 0) R3 R 6 + VR5 R3 + R5 + VR 4 V 01 = V 2( khiV1 = 0 ) R 4 + R 6 + VR5 R3 V 01 =
Chon he so khuech ai cua mach la AV = 5 Chon R3 = R4 = R5 = R6 = 2.2k Neu ta chnh VR4 = VR5 th:
V01 = R5 + VR 4 (V2 V1 ) = 5(V2 V1 ) R3
Vay e he so khuech ai AV = 5 th:

R5 + VR 4 =5 R3 Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat Le
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Luc o: V01 = 5(2,73 +0,01T-2,73) V01 = 0,05T; vi T la nhiet o moi trng . d. Mach so sanh:
nhiet o bnh thng khoang 25oC th ien ap ra V0 la : V01 = 0,05 x 25 = 1,25V Luc co chay nhiet o tang len khoang 50oC th: V01 = 0,05 x 50 = 2,5V e tao ra mot tn hieu bao chay ta cho qua mot bo so sanh vi mc ngng ien ap so sanh la 2,5V noi vao ngo tr cua Opamp. Zenner DZ2 dung e tao mc ngng ien ap 2,5v Chon DZ2 on ap 3v, co dong Imax = 10mA
R9 = (5-3)/0,01 = 200
Chon R9 = 220 Bien tr VR6 e chnh mc ien ap so sanh, chon VR6 = 10k ien tr R7 va R8 e han dong cho transistor Q1, chon R7 = R8 = 5,1k. Khi khong co chay V01 < Vref, opamp bao hoa am transistor Q1 dan, luc o Vb = 0.
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Khi co chay V01 > Vref, opamp bao hoa dng transistor Q1 tat, luc o Vb = 1. S o mach bao chay
II. BO CAM BIEN KHOI: 1. S o khoi: 2.Thiet ke mach:
Bo cam bien khoi co nhiem vu bien oi tn hieu khoi thanh tn hieu ien, trong phan thiet ke nay ta dung quang tr. Nh ta a biet hoat ong cua quang tr la: khi co anh sang chieu vao ien tr cua no giam i ang ke so vi khi khong c chieu sang . Y tng dung quang tr e lay tn hieu khoi nay la bnh thng quang tr c chieu sang bi anh sang phat
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ra t Led. Khi co chay nong o khoi tang len lam cng o sang giam i lam cho ien tr cua quang tr tang len. Chon LED co dong 20mA va phat sang co cng o 10 lux va quang tr la LDR03 co ac tuyen lam viec nh hnh ve.
100K 10K 1K lux 10 100 100 0 Cng o
Ta co: R10 =
5(V ) = 2,5 K 20mA
Chon R10 =2,7K Di cng o sang cua LED la 10lux th gia tr ien tr cua quang tr la 20K.
V + = 5 20 K 20 K + R
Chon V+=1v luc cha co chay. Vay R11=100K 20K =80K Khi co khoi 20% luc o osang giam con 10lux 20% bang 2lux va gia tr quang tr tang len 100 K.
V + = 5 100 K = 2,747 v 100 K + 8K
Ta chon gia tr ien ap chuan sosanh tai ngo tr cua opamp la 2,5V. Tc khi khoi at 20% th cam bien cho tn hieu bao ong. Chon DZ3 la zener 3v co dong Imax=25 mA
V + = 53 = 80 25 10 3
Chon R12 =220 ChonVR7 =10K

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ien tr R13va R14 e han dong cho Q2 Chon R13= R14= 4,7k III. X LY TN HIEU VAO:
Cac tn hieu ra t bo cam bien qua mach 7432, khi co bat ky tn hieu bao ong nao t bo cam bien se co canh len chan Clk cua 7474, bnh thng BD mc thap va INT0 mc cao, khi co xung Clk th BD mc cao va luc nay INT0 mc thap. Ta dung mach nh 7474 e tranh trng hp s co cua bo cam bien do chay gay ra. B. MACH BAO ONG TAI CHO: Khi mot am chay xay ra, ngoai viec bao ong bang tieng noi co chay, co chay c lu tr trong IC chuyen dung, ta con bao ong bang coi hu hay chuong ien nham tap trung s chu y cua moi ngi. 1. Mach tao tieng coi hu:
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Trong mach nay ta s dung IC LM555 e tao am thanh phat ra co cac am sac khac nhau. Tieng coi hu nay tao am thanh nghe rat kch thch va thng c nhieu ngi s dung lam tn hieu canh bao. IC LM555 th 2 tao thanh mach dao ong am cao, chon tan so ra cua LOA la 1KHz. Ta co:
f = 1 0,693( R 2 + VR 2 + 2 R3 ) C 2
Chon tu C2 = 0,01F R3 = 56k R2 = 4,7k VR2 = 20k Tan so ra LOA ta co the thay oi nh bien tr VR2. IC LM555 th 1 cung lap thanh mach dao ong co tan so nho c xac nh bi cong thc:
f = 1 0,693( R1 + VR1 ) C1
Chon C1 = 220F R1 = 1k VR1 = 20k Tan so nay co the thay oi nh bien tr VR1. Xung lay ra tren tu C1 co dang song rang ca, chung ta cho tn hieu nay tac ong vao chan 5 cua IC LM555 th 2, ieu nay lam ieu che tan so len tn hieu ra loa lam cho am thanh ra co nhieu dang am sac khac nhau. 2. Bao ong bang tieng noi: Mach bao ong bang tieng noi c trnh bay ky trong khoi tieng noi. Khoi tieng noi c trnh bay trong phan sau.
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CHNG IV: KHOI GIAO TIEP
Relay 1 dung e tao tn hieu nha may, khi co tn hieu bao ong th C se xuat mot tn hieu lap trang thai nhac may gia e bao cho tong ai biet mach can phuc vu. ien tr R1 dung e han dong cho transistor C1815. Chon R1 = 2,7k Relay 2: khi may b goi nhac may th C se nhan biet va xuat tn hieu ieu khien va ong Relay 2. ien tr R2 dung e han dong cho transstor C1815.
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Chon dong cho IB = 1mA RA = 4,7k Cau Diode co tac dung chong ao cc lam h mach. Diode Zener DZ1 va DZ2 dung e bao ve cuon day bien ap va on ap au vao cua mach. V tn hieu thoai co gia tr bien o khoang 2,5 RMS nen ta chon DZ1 va DZ2 on ap 3v. Khi Relay 1 ong, tong ai cap ien khoang 10v DC vao mach, transistor C828 qua ien tr han dong R2 se dan va tao ien tr DC cho mach chnh bang R3. Chon R2 = 4,7k R3 = 470 Tu C2 co tac dung ngan en ap DC cho mach. Chon C2 = 10F Khi tong ai cap cac tn hieu trang thai ng day th tu C1 se noi mass cc B cua transistor C828, luc nay tr khang AC cua mach chnh bang tr khang vao bien ap. I. MACH KHUECH AI AM THANH RA:
Tn hieu am thanh trc khi a len ng day en may b goi ta cho qua mach khuech ai. Chon he so khuech ai cua mach la:
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AV0 = 5 Ta co:
AV0 = R 6 + VR1 R5
R6 + VR1 = 5R5 Chon R6 = 10k R5 = 4,7k VR1 = 20k Tu C3 dung e ngan tn hieu DC, chon C3 = 10F. II. MACH KHUECH AI TONE VAO:
Tn hieu tren ng day en mach nhan Tone a b suy hao. V vay ta phai cho qua mot mach khuech ai. Chon he so khuech ai cua mach la: AV0 = 2 Ta co:
AV0 = R14 + VR3 =2 R13
Chon R13 = 4,7k R14 = 4,7k VR3 = 10k

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Tu C3 dung e ngan tn hieu DC, chon C5 = 10F. III. MACH KHUECH AI TONE RA:
Chon he so khuech ai cua mach la: AV0 = 5 Ta co:

AV0 = R15 + VR 2 =5 R16
R15 + VR2 = 5R16 Chon R16 = 2,2k R15 = 4,7k VR2 = 20k
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IV. MACH KH TRAC AM:
e tn hieu ra khong lan tn hieu au vao ta dung mach kh trac am nham muc ch ch cho tn hieu i theo ng mot chieu. Chon R7 = R8 = R10 = R11 = R12 = 10k R9 = 100 Ta co: V2 = -R8/R7 x V1 = -V1 V3 = V2 = -V1 Mac khac V4 = -R12/R11 x V3 R11/R10 x V1 = -(V3 + V1) ma V3 = - V1 Vay V4 = -(V1 V1) = 0
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V. MACH THU PHAT TONE DTMF: e thu phat Tone DTMF ta s dung vi mach MT8880. e giao tiep tot vi mach vi x ly ta them cac cong 7432 va 7437. S o ket noi c cho nh hnh ve: Cau hnh ngo vao cua MT8880 la mot mach khuech ai ao vi hai ien tr la R18 va R19.
Ta chon AV0 = 1 AV0 = R18/R19 Suy ra R18 = R19 Chon R18 = R19 = 100k Khi MT8880 hoat ong che o loc thoai th tn hieu au ra tren chan IRQ/CP co dang xung vuong. Tn hieu mi quay so Dialtone co chu ky 2ms. Tn hieu Ring Back Tone co chu ky 2 ms nhng co 2s va 4s khong. Tn hieu Busy Tone co 0.5s co va 0.5s khong. e Timer cua vi x ly co the phan biet c de dang gia cac tn hieu bang cach em so xung, ta cho tn hieu nay qua mot mach monostable tao thanh ng bao tn hieu, ay ta s dung vi mach 74123.
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Chon thi gian Mono T = 4 ms. Ta co T = 0,28 x R21 x C8 0,005 = 0,28 x R21 x C8 Chon C8 = 1F Suy ra R21 = 17k, chon R21 = 22k. Nh vay tn hieu thu c sau khi qua mach monotable la:
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KHOI GIAO TIEP NG DAY
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CHNG V: KHOI TIENG NOI
I. GII THIEU IC APR9600: Chp ghi phat am ARP9600 mi nhat ma cong ty ai Loan a ra th trng la ke tuc ky thuat cua cong ty ISD My vi chat am tot, tap am thap, khong s ngat ien, co the ghi lai. Mach ien chp n co the thu phat t 32 en 60 giay, khi ieu khien co the phan ra la 256 oan. So vi chp cung loai vi ISD no co cac u iem: gia re, co nhieu cach ieu khien bang tay, quan ly phan oan thuan tien, khi ieu khien nhieu oan mach ien n gian, toc o lay mau nhanh va thi gian ghi phat am co the ieu chnh c, moi phm n ieu co chc nang nh khi ong , dng lai, tuan hoan, ong thi bao lu mot so ac iem cua chp ISD 2500, eu la dang vo bang nha cam
thang hai hang DIP28, s sap xep cua chan cung c ban giong nhau. Hnh di la hnh ve toan bo chc nang s dung mach ien, hnh 2 la micro cc the, trong bo khuech ai micro ben trong chp co t ong ieu chnh o li AGC, co the do linh kien ien tr ien dung noi ngoai lam tang toc o hng ng va pham vi. Neu o li bien o tn hieu vao khoang 100mV th co the trc tiep i vao au ra cua ng day, tn hieu am tan do bo loc song ben
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trong sau khi x ly mach ien lay mau e phng thc lng tng t ton tai trong bo nh chuyen dung cua FlashRam. Do FlashRAM la linh kien khi b ngat ien va do nhng nhan to khac se lam cho nhng ngon ng nh b mat i. Khi phat am, mach ien oc logic trong chp lay tn hieu t Flash RAM, i qua o phan loc song thong thap a en bo khuech ai cong suat, sau o kch ay loa phat am ra. Nha may san xat yeu cau loa noi ngoai la 16, thc te th nghem dung 8_16 cung co the c, cong suat au ra di am lng noi chung la 12.2mV (16). Co the co nhieu thao tac e ieu khien thu phat cua APR 9600, cung cap nhieu thuan tien cho ngi s dung. Tom lc co the chia ra lam hai loai la ieu khien noi tiep va ieu khien song song. Thc hien t v tr sap xep cua chp MSEL1 (chan 24), MSEL 2 (chan 25)/M8 (chan 9), chc nang cua no nh hnh 2. Trong o moi mot mo thc trao tac eu co phm oi ng hieu lc, hn na m thc thao tac khac nhau trong cung mot phm co the co chc nang khac nhau. V the khi thiet ke chp, trc khi s dung ngi dung nen tm hieu t m cac mo thc thao tac cua
chp, la chon cach thiet ke thch hp nhat cua rieng mnh, mach ien cung de bien oi va rat n gian.
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1. Mo thc ieu khien song song: ieu khien song song nhieu oan trong chp ISD thc hien 1 phm nao o oi vi 1 oan nao o la rat phc tap, thng can nhieu Diode dch ma kieu ma tran hoac chp n e thc hien phu tr, ngoai ra khi phan oan ghi am cung ton tai rat nhieu kho khan. Nhng trong chp APR 9600 lai rat n gian, moi oan eu co phm oi ng khong che, an phm nao la ghi am va phat ra oan o, hn na la co the tuy y lap lai mot oan nao o cung vayNhng thi gian ln nhat cho viec ghi am moi oan la bang mot phan cua phut, hn na co the phan ra lam 8 oan. Di ay em se lay ra 4 oan quan trong lam v du e giai thch ro hn: ieu khien 4 oan song song can phai lay v tr au MSEL1 cua chp 1 (mc ien cao), v tr au MSEl2 cua chp 0 (mc ien thap) /au M8 tuy y. Sau khi v tr cua mo thc a lam xong th bat au ghi am. V tr au RE la 1, ep chat phm M1 la co the nghe c tieng keu tt, khi en BUSY tat la ngng ghi am. Phm M2, M3, M4 lan lt ghi 3 oan khac. Khi ghi am co the khong can c theo th t, ghi tuy y mot oan nao o au tien eu co the c, neu khong va y th co the ghi am lai. Thi gian nhieu nhat cua moi oan la 15 giay (ghi am 60 giay trong toan chp), khi ghi xong thay en tat va nghe hai tieng keu tt. ng nhien tren thc te moi oan ghi am co te dai hay ngan tuy y. V tr au RE la trong trang thai phat am, an phm M1 la phat am oan th nhat, thi gian phat am lai an phm M1 la dng viec phat am. eu ep chat phm M1 khong phat la phat am tuan hoan t oan 1 en khi nha phm M1 ra. Phm CE la phm dng, an phm thi gian phat am cung co the ngng phat am lai. Hai oan song song khac, giong vi phng thc s dung ieu khien cua 8 oan. 2. Mo thc ieu khien noi tiep: Phm ma phng thc ieu khien noi tiep phai t hn nhieu, no ch can 3 phm e ieu khien ghi phat tat ca cac oan ng am, hn na co the bao am so oan, moi oan cung khong han che ve thi gian. Nhng khong tien bang mo thc ieu khien song song. Ve phng dien chon oan: v tr MSEL1 va MSEL2 eu mc logic 0, khi ghi am v tr phm M8 phai mc logic 1, tha phm ra la dng
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lai. Lai an phm M1 e ghi am oan th hai, luon phan oan ghi am cho en khi chp ay. Co hai trang thai phat am (RE = 0), v tr phm M8 la 1 la phng thc ieu khien theo th t noi tiep, an phm M1 la phat am oan th nhat, lai tiep tuc an phm la phat am oan th hai, c phat nh vay cho en khi phat het oan cuoi la dng, can phai an phm CE e phuc v (tr ve v tr ban au), sau o chung ta tiep tuc an phm M1 la phat lai oan au. Di phng thc nay khong the la chon oan ma phat theo th t ghi am, thch hp cho li en keo quan, mach ien ieu khien hanh trnh. V tr M8 la phng thc la chon oan noi tiep, an phm M1 la phat am oan th nhat, M2 luc nay co hieu lc tr thanh phm thuc ay nhanh qua trnh chon oan. Moi lan an phm M2 la di chuyen mot oan ra pha sau, v du bay gi an phm M2 va an phm M1 la phat ra oan th 4. V the co the phat am oan ta a chon. An phm CE phuc v lai oan th nhat. Ngoai ra chp APR 9600 co may phng thc ieu khien khac, ngi dung co the can c theo nhu cau t lam cac thiet ke thc nghiem. Tham so tnh nang ien cua APR 9600: - ien ap nguon ien la 4.5 6.5v. - Dong ien trang thai tnh la 1()A. - Dong ien hoat ong 25mA. Moi quan he gia ien tr noi ngoai cua no va cong suat lay mau, dai tan cua ng am, ien tr nay co the can c vao thi gian ngi dung can thiet va hieu qua am chat ma ieu tiet. Do APR 9600 co at tnh ghi phat am chat lng cao, ong thi lai co cac phng thc ieu khien bang tay, mach ien ngoai vi thiet ke n gian, tnh kinh te cao. San pham co the dung trong cac san pham cong nghiep, o ien gia dung, giao duc va co trien vong ng dung rong rai trong cac he thong ng dung khac nhau. II. S O KHOI TIENG NOI: Do yeu cau thiet ke a ra ma chung ta thiet ke mach sao cho phu hp. e tai nay vi yeu cau la:
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- Khi co chay th mach se a tieng noi co chay, co chay ra tai cho cung nh ong thi phat tn hieu nay len mang ien thoai. - Khi co tn hieu ieu khien thiet b th mach co nhiem vu phan biet c thiet b a c ong hay la cha c ong. + Khi thiet b c ong th phat ra tieng thiet b a ong truyen len mang ien thoai cho ngi ieu khien biet. + Khi thiet b a ngat th phat ra tieng thiet b a ngng hoat ong truyen len mang ien thoai cho ngi ieu khien biet. T yeu cau a cho em a thiet ke mot mach ien co the giai quyet c cac yeu cau tren.
1. S o khoi: Khoi Tn hieu ieu khien Khoi Giai Ma

Khoi ieu Khien Khoi Tieng Noi
2. Khoi tn hieu ieu khien: Tn hieu ieu khien nay c a en t vi ieu khien 8031 e ieu khien phat tieng noi cho tng trng hp cua thiet b. Khi co tn hieu bao chay a en th mach nay se phat tieng noi co chay, co chay ra tai cho cung nh a teng noi truyen len ng day ien thoai. Cung nh khi co tn hieu ieu khien t ien thoai th mach nay cung bao cho ngi ieu khien biet la thiet b ieu khien c ong hay a b ngat. 3. Khoi giai ma:
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IC 74151 cho ra c 1 tn hieu ma tn hieu na co the cho ta biet c thiet b a c ong hay ang ngng hoat ong.
4. Khoi ieu khien:
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Tn hieu ra t IC 74151 c a en mach n on e lay xung kch cho IC APR9600 cho ta c tieng noi nh yeu cau thiet ke a a ra.
5. Khoi phat tieng noi: (IC APR9600) IC APR la IC chuyen dung e phat tieng noi ma am thanh cho ra chung ta co the chap nhan c. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC APR 9600 chung ta co the tm hieu ky phan gii thieu chung ve IC APR 9600. Trong phan nay em ch a ra s o noi day cua IC trong mach.
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S o nguyen ly cua khoi phat tieng noi.
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CHNG VI: KHOI X LY TRUNG TAM
I. S O KHOI:
HIEN TH
IEU KHIEN TN HIEU CHOT DATA
RAM 8KB
CHOT DATA
ROM 8KB
CHOT A CH
GIAI MA A CH
DATA BUS
ADDRESS BUS
VI IEU KHIEN 8031
RE SET
CLOCK
BAN PHM
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II. KHOI GIAI MA: Ta dung mach giai ma e phan vung bo nh cho ROM, RAM va cac Port xuat nhap I/O.
BANG PHAN VUNG BO NH
BO NH ROM RAM PORT I/O PORT HIEN TH PORT BAO CHAY PORT IEU KHIEN CHA DUNG
A CH 0000H 1FFFH 2000H 3FFFH 4000H 4XXXH 6000H 6XXXH 8000H 8XXXH A000H AXXXH B000H - FFFFH
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III. BO NH: 1. Bo nh ROM 8KB 2764:
A0 A12: bus a ch. D0 D7: c noi en bus d lieu. Chan CE la chan chon chip. Chan OE la chan cho phep xuat byte chng trnh c noi vi chan PSEN cua 8031. 2. Bo nh RAM 8KB 6264:
Ta dung RAM 6264 e lu so ien thoai va cac d lieu cung nh cac tn hieu t ien thoai gi ti. A0 A12: la bus a ch.
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D0 D7: bus d lieu. E1, E2 la chan chon chip. G\: cho phep ghi vao RAM. W\: cho phep truy xuat d lieu t RAM. 3. Mach chot a ch: Ta dung vi mach 74373 e chot a ch thap cu bus a ch xuat ra t 8031.
D0 D7: la data a vao. Q0 Q7: bus d lieu ra. C: cho phep chot c noi vi ALE cua 8031. OC\: chan ieu khien ngo ra.
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IV. KHOI HIEN TH:
e hien th cac so ien thoai ta dung phng phat quet. Trong phng phap nay, 4 bit au ta dung chon LED va 4 bit sau dung e xuat tn hieu ma BCD. V. BAN PHM: Ban phm dung e nhap so ien thoai va ay ta dung phng phap quet ban phm e nhap d lieu.
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S O NGUYEN LY KHOI CPU:
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CHNG VII: KHOI IEU KHIEN
I. S O KHOI: KHOI IEU KHIEN THIET B
LINE
KHOI GIAO TIEP
CPU
KHOI TIENG NOI Nguyen ly hoat ong: Khi ngi ieu khien muon ieu khien thiet b qua ng day ien thoai th: - Ngi ieu khien quay en so may a c gan trc tiep vi thiet b ieu khien. - Neu sau 30s khong co ngi nhac may th thiet b se tao tai gia nhac may cho phep ngi ieu khien trc tiep ieu khien thiet b. - au tien ngi ieu khien cap ma so m may roi sau o mi an phm so tng ng vi thiet b ma mnh a cai at trc ( ma so m may: so 9, so 1 tng ng vi thiet b 1, so 2 tng ng vi thiet b 2). - Trong 30s tiep theo neu khong co tn hieu ieu khien th thiet b t ong ngat khoi li ien thoai. II. KHOI GIAO TIEP:
Muon thiet b hoat ong mot cach chnh xac th ta phai da vao cac dang tn hieu ng day. Trong thiet b nay em s dung tn hieu Ring Back. Tn hieu Ring Back co cac thong so 90vAC, f = 25 Hz. Tn hieu co dang hnh sin hay xung vuong, 3s co va 3s khong.
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Cac linh kien C1, C2, R1, D1, DZ1, DZ2, BRi1, OPTO tao thanh mach nhan dang tn hieu Ring Back. Tu C1 dung e ngan dong DC khi co tn hieu chuong. ien tr R1, D1, DZ1, DZ2 dung e gii han dong ien cung nh ien ap cho Opto. Ta co the tnh tu C1 va ien tr R1 theo cong thc:
Z = R + C
90v Vdz Vd Vo Io
Vi Vo, Io la ien ap va dong ien cua Opto. Ta chon Vo = 1,1v, Io = 4 mA. => Z =
90 15 0,6 1,1 = 18,325( K) 4.10 3 1 = 18,325( K) C
=> Z = R4 +
Vi tan so Ring Back la f = 25 Hz. Chon R1 = 10 k.

R1 + 1 = 18,325( K) C.2.3,14.25 Le
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=> C1 = 0,76F Chon C1 = 0,68 F, 250v. Khi a nhan biet c tn hieu Ring Back qua Opto a en VXL qua Timer1 se nhan c trang thai cua tn hieu nay. Trong khoang thi gian 30s ke t khi o chuong neu khong co ngat ngoai do bao chay gi en th VXL se cap tn hieu ong RELAY1 (ong tai gia nhac may). Luc nay thiet b c noi trc tiep vi li ien thoai, ngi ieu khien c quyen trc tiep ieu khien thiet b bang cach cap ma so m may roi mi an phm tng ng e ieu khien thiet b. Sau khoang thi gian thong mach la 30s neu khong co ma so m may th VXL se cap tn hieu ngat RELAY1, thiet b ngat khoi li ien thoai, thiet b tr ve trang thai nhan tn hieu ieu khien. III. KHOI IEU KHIEN:
LED1 c xem nh thiet b 1. (a ch A001H). LED2 c xem nh thiet b 2. (a ch A002H). Khi nhan c tn hieu ieu khien t li ien thoai gi en VXL se ong hay m thiet b ma ngi ieu khien ang trc tiep ieu khien.
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S O BO TR LINH KIEN CUA THIET B
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MACH IN MAT TREN
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MACH IN MAT DI
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PHAN III: THIET KE PHAN MEM
A. NGUYEN LY HOAT ONG CUA CAC CHNG TRNH I. CHNG TRNH CHNH: Trong thiet ke nay chung ta dung ngat ngoai INT0\ va tn hieu dung e gay ngat ngoai la tn hieu bao chay, khi co s co xay ra th tn hieu bao chay tac ong len chan INT0\, luc o chng trnh se ngng tat ca cac hoat ong e phuc vu chng trnh bao ong. Khi khong co tn hieu tac ong len chan INT0\ th chng trnh se phuc vu cho viec nap so ien thoai va nhan tn hieu ieu khien e trc tiep cho viec ieu khien thiet b. Trong chng trnh chnh nay se phuc vu cho viec nap so ien thoai va nhan tn hieu ieu khien t T1 (Couter). II. CHNG TRNH NAP SO IEN THOAI: Chng trnh nay co nhiem vu nap so ien thoai t ban phm vao RAM co a ch bat au 2000H. Theo yeu cau cua mach thiet ke ta can bao ong e nhieu so ien thoai khac nhau, trong o can nhap cac so ien thoai ac biet ve: cu hoa, cong an, c quan So ien thoai nhap t ban phm co toi a 10 so. Neu phm nhan c co gia tr 00H se ket thuc viec nhap so ien thoai t ban phm. Khi nap xong so ien thoai ta nhan phm F2 (co ga tr OFH) e bao cho vi x ly biet la mot so ien thoai a nhap xong va bat au nap mot so khac. Chng trnh hien th se giup chung ta biet c so ien thoai a nap vao. III.CHNG TRNH NHAN MA PHM: Chng trnh nay muc ch xac nh gia tr cua phm c nhan, tuy nhien e tranh s sai xot do phm rung ta phai co vong lap i. Sau khi goi chng trnh quet phm,
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neu khong co phm an th tiep tuc quet, neu co phm nhan th tiep tuc quet 30 lan neu can an th lu gia tr vao Stack, sau o xet trang thai phm nha, neu phm cha nha th tiep tuc quet, neu phm nha th quet 40 lan ma phm van con nha th nhan gia tr phm. IV.CHNG TRNH QUET BAN PHM: KY HIEU F1 1 2 3 GIA TR PHM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 CHC NANG Ket thuc viec nhap t ban phm So 1 So 2 So 3
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4 5 6 7 8 9 F2
0 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1
So 4 So 5 So 6 So 7 So 8 So 9 KET THUC SO IEN THOAI
Ban phm trong thiet b c thiet ke cho 12 phm, trong o 10 phm so dung e xac nh cac so t 0 en 9 va 2 phm co chc nang ac biet F1, F2. Khi c an phm se tra ve gia tr di dang ma HECXA nh bang tren. Chng trnh quet ban phm dung e xac nh phm co c an hay khong, chng trnh quet tng cot mot. au tien la cot so 0, xem xet co hang nao tch cc hay khong neu khong th chuyen sang cot tiep theo, ngc lai th lu gia tr phm an vao ACC. V. CHNG TRNH HIEN TH: Chng trnh hien th nay dung phng phat quet Led e hien th cac so ien thoai ra Led. Tn hieu xuat ra co 8 bit, trong o co 4 bit thap dung e chon Led va 4 bit cao la ma HEXA cua so ien thoai. au tien xac nh a ch so ien thoai, xac nh so chon Led va xuat ra Port hien th, sau o goi chng trnh Delay. Neu trong qua trnh hien th neu khong co phm nao an th no van tiep tuc hien th so ien thoai mi nhap vao, ngc lai quay ve chng trnh nap so ien thoai. VI. CHNG TRNH BAO ONG: Khi co tn hieu bao ong th Interrup c thc thi (thc hien chng trnh bao ong). Chng trnh thc hien viec quay so ien thoai cua may b goi a c nap vao RAM (goi toi a 3 so moi so 3 lan) co the bao nhien so tuy y ngi lap trnh, neu may khong ban th phat tn hieu bao ong. - au tien nh so cuoc goi va so lan goi.
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- Xuat tn hieu ieu khien lam ong RELAY1 lap trang thai nhac may gia. - Xet tn hieu mi quay so (Dial Tone) neu co th quay so ien thoai th nhat, con khong lap trang thai gac may 2s sau goi lai. - Sau khi quay so ta xet trang thai nhac may cua may b goi, neu co nhac th xuat tn hieu ieu khien ong RELAY2 (RELAY SOUND) noi mach phat tieng noi va bao ong thi gian 40s, ngc lai may ban lap trang thai gac may 2s sau goi lai. Neu goi trong 3 lan ma van ban th goi sang may khac. VII. CHNG TRNH XET DIALTONE: Tn hieu mi xung quay so do tong ai cap co tan so 425Hz. Khi cho MT8880 hoat ong che o Callprogess th tn hieu tai au ra IRQ/CP cua MT8880 la tn hieu trang thai ng day nhng a qua mach Trigger Schitt e sa dang thanh xung vuong. Sau khi cho qua mach MonoStable vi khoang nh th 4ms th so xung em c trong khoang thi gian 6s la 0, con Ringback tone la 1 va Busy tone la 5 xung. V vay ta dung Timer 0 e em so xung nay e t o xac nh cac tn hieu trang thai ng day. - au tien khi ong MT8880 che o CP MODE, khi ong Timer 0 e em xung. - Goi chng trnh DELAY 6s. - Neu xung em c la 0 (co Dialtone), 5 (co Busytone). Khi nhac may th tren ng day ch ton tai 1 trong 2 tn hieu o la Dialtone va Busytone. VIII. CHNG TRNH XAT B GOI NHAC MAY: Sau khi quay so xong tren ng day xuat hien 1 trong tn hieu la: Busytone, Dialtone, Ring Backtone: chng trnh thc hien nhng cong viec sau: - Khi ong MT8880 che o loc thoai (CP MODE). - Khi ong Timer 0 e em so xung trong khoang thi gian 6s neu so xung la 0 (may b goi nhac may), neu
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so xung em c la 5 (may ban), so xung la 1 (tn hieu Ringback tone). IX. CHNG TRNH QUAY SO: Khi tong ai cap tn hieu mi quay so (Dialtone) th chng trnh quay so c thc thi. - Khi ong MT8880 che o CP MODE va BURST MODE. - Xac nh a ch cua so ien thoai au tien. - Nap so ien thoai vao thanh ghi phat, sau o kiem tra, neu thanh ghi phat rong (phat xong) th quay so ien thoai ke tiep, neu cha phat xong th xet lai. Neu la so ien thoai cuoi (0FH) th thoat ve chng trnh bao ong. X.CHNG TRNH IEU KHIEN: Thiet b luon trong trang thai ch tn hieu ieu khien t li ien thoai cua may chu. Thiet b nhan dang tn hieu ieu khien nh vao tn hieu trang thai ng day RING BACK, tn hieu nay c Timer 1 em xung trong thi gian 30s, trong thi gian nay neu khong co tn hieu bao ong th xuat tn hieu ong Relay1 ong tai gia nhac may, thiet b c thong thoai. chu: - Luc nay thiet b ch ma m may t ien thoai
+ Neu thiet b khong nhan c ma m may trong thi gian 30s th VXL se xuat tn hieu ngat Relay1, thiet b ieu khien b ngan mach. + Ngc lai, neu thiet b nhan c ma m may th tiep tuc ch nhan ma so trc tiep ieu khien thiet b tng ng a c cai at san. Khi nhan c ma so ieu khien th thiet b se thong bao bang tieng noi cho may chu biet c tnh trang cua may ang hoat ong. - Khi thiet b ang hoat ong ma co tn hieu bao ong th thiet b se cat ngang phan ieu khien tr ve chng trnh bao ong.
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B. GIAI THUAT CAC CHNG TRNH:

BEGIN
AT CHE O HOAT ONG CHO CAC TIMER TIMER0 MODE0 TIMER1 MODE 1
CHO PHET NGAT EXT0
NO
CO NGAT
YES
NGAT T1 NO NAP SO IEN THOAI
YES
IEU KHIEN
BAO ONG
EXIT
GIAI THUAT CHNG TRNH CHNH

Luan An Tot Nghiep ENTER A CH RAM CHA SO IEN THOAI AU TIEN ENTER BIEN EM X = 40 BIEN EM X = 0 NHAN QUET PHM GIA TR AU TIEN NO PHM AN YES PHM 00H ? YES NO GIAM BIEN GHI SO IEN THOAI AU EM TIEN YES NO PHM 0FH PHM 0FH ? ? YES NO HIEN TH LU GIA TR PHM BIEN EM X TANG A CH = 40 RAM TANG BIEN EM X QUET PHM X > 10 ? PHM NHA ? YES YES GIAM BIEN RAM = RAM -X EM NO BD = 0 ? YES NHAP GIA TR PHM EXIT GIAI THUAT NAP SO IEN THOAI Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat NO NO
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TANG A CH RAM
EXIT
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PHM
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ENTER
CHON MA COT Z =0
KIEM TRA CAC HANG
YES
PHM AN
NO
TANG MA HANG
TANG MA COT NO
XAC NH GIA TR PHM
X=4? YES
LU GIA TR PHM
EXIT
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XAC NH A CH HIEN TH ENTER CHT = RAM - X SO MAY CAN GOI: CHON LED SO 0 X=3 LED = 0 SO LAN GOI: Y=3 LU CHT VAO ACC XUAT T/H ONG RELAY ACC = ACC + LED 1 DELAY 5s TAO T/H GIA NHAC XUAT RA PORT HIEN TH KIEM TRA T/H MI QUAY SO GAC MAY NO DELAY THQS ?
PHAT T/H ONG RELAY SOUND
YES QUAY SO TANG A CH HIE NTH TANG SO LED KIEM TRA T/H NHAC MAY CUA MAY B GOI NO LED > X ? YES THNM ? YES NO QUET PHM MAY GAC NO DELAY 5S PHM AN GIAM SO LAN GOI YES Y=0? YES GIAM SO MAY GOI X=0 GIAI THUAT HIEN ? TH YES EXIT NO
DELAY 30S
NO
Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong EXIT c Nhat
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ENTER
KHI ONG MT8880 KHI ONG TIMER 0
DELAY 5S
SO XUNG > 3 NO CO T/H MI QUAY SO SETB C
YES
BUSY TONE CLEAR C
EXIT
GIAI THUAT XET DIAL TONE

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NAP SO T VAO ACC
SO 0FH ? NO NAP SO T VAO THANH GHI PHAT
YES
EXIT
THANH GHI PHAT RONG YES RAM = RAM + 1
NO
DELAY 1S
GIAI THUAT QUAY SO IEN THOAI

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BIEN EM X = 10
SETB TRO
DELAY 6S
CLEAR TRO
SO XUNG > 3
YES
X = X -1 NO
SO XUNG > 0 NO
MAY BAN CLEAR C
X=0 YES MAY BAN CLEAR C
BUSY TONE CLEAR C
EXIT
GIAI THUAT XET MAY B GOI

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ENTER TIMER1 EXT0 NO DELAY 30s MA SO MM YES DELAY 30s MA SO K YES SO SANH MA SO 1 YES X=X +1 NO C=X YES NGAT TB 1 ONG TB 1 NO SO 2 YES X=X +2 C=X YES NO NO NO YES RET
NO ONG TB 2
ONG TB 2
GIAI THUAT IEU KHIEN THIET B

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PHU LUC
TAP LENH CUA 8031
Hexa decim al
E8 EF E5 Byte 2 E6 E7 74 Byte 2 F8 - FF A8 - AF Byte 2 78 7F Byte 2 F5 Byte 2 85 Byte 2 Byte 3 86 87 Byte 2 75 Byte 2 Byte 3 F6 F7 A6 A7 Byte 2 76 77 Byte 2 90 Byte 2 Byte 3 93 83 E2 E3 E0 F2 F3 F0 C0 Byte 2 D0 Byte 2 C8 CF C5 Byte 2
Mnemonic
D7 MOV A, Rn MOV A, direct MOV A, @Ri MOV A, #data MOV Rn, A MOV Rn, direct MOV Rn, #data MOV direct, A MOV direct, direct MOV direct, @Ri MOV direct,#data MOV @Ri,A MOV @Ri, direct MOV @Ri, #data MOV DPTR, #data 16 MOVC A, @A + DPTR MOVC A, @A + PC MOVX A, @Ri MOVX A, @DPTR MOVX @Ri, A 1 1 a7 1 0 d7 1 1 a7 0 d7 1 a7 1 a7 a7 1 a7 0 a7 d7 1 1 a7 0 d7 1 d7 d7 1 1 1 1 1
Instruction Code
D6 1 1 a6 1 1 d6 1 0 a6 1 d6 1 a6 0 a6 a6 0 a6 1 a6 d6 1 0 a6 1 d6 0 d6 d6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 a6 1 a6 1 1 a6 D5 1 1 a5 1 1 d5 1 1 a5 1 d5 1 a5 0 a5 a5 0 a5 1 a5 d5 1 1 a5 1 d5 0 d5 d5 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 a5 0 a5 0 0 a5 D4 0 0 a4 0 1 d4 1 0 a4 1 d4 1 a4 0 a4 a4 0 a4 1 a4 d4 1 0 a4 1 d4 1 d4 d4 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 a4 1 a4 0 0 a4 D3 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 1 1 a3 1 d3 0 a3 0 a3 a3 0 a3 0 a3 d3 0 0 a3 0 d3 0 d3 d3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a3 0 a3 1 0 a3 D2 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 n2 n2 a2 n2 d2 1 a2 1 a2 a2 1 a2 1 a2 d2 1 1 a2 1 d2 0 d2 d2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a2 0 a2 n2 1 a2 D1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 n1 n1 a1 n1 d1 0 a1 0 a1 a1 1 a1 0 a1 d1 0 1 a1 1 d1 0 d1 d1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 a1 0 a1 n1 0 a1 D0 n0 1 a0 1 0 d0 n0 n0 a0 n0 d0 1 a0 1 a0 a0 i a0 1 a0 d0 1 i a0 i d0 0 d0 d0 1 1 i 0 i 0 0 a0 0 a0 n0 1 a0
Explanation
(A) (Rn) (A) (direct) (A) ((Ri)) (A) - #data (Rn) (A) (Rn) (direct) (Rn) - #data (direct) - A (direct) - (direct) (source) (destination) (direct) - #((Ri)) (direct) - #data ((Ri)) A ((Ri)) (direct) ((Ri)) - #data (DPTR) - #data15 0 (DPH) - #data15 8 (DPL) - #data7 0 (A) ((A) + (DPTR)) (A) ((A) + (PC)) (A) - ((Ri)) External RAM (A) ((DPTR)) External RAM ((Ri)) (A) External RAM ((DPTR)) (A) External RAM (SP) (SP) + 1 ((SP)) - (direct) (direct) ((SP)) (SP) (SP) 1 (A) = (Rn) (A) = (direct)
MOVX@DPTR, A 1 PUSH direct 1 a7 POP direct 1 a7 XCH A, Rn 1 XCH A, direct 1 a7
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XCH A, @Ri XCHD A, @Ri 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 i i C6 C7 D6 D7
Trang 123
(A) = ((Ri)) (A3 - 0) = ((Ri3 - 0))
C 8031 LOGICAL INSTRUSTIONS

ANL A, Rn ANL A, direct ANL A, @Ri ANL A, #data ANL direct, A ANL direct, #data ORL A, Rn ORL A, direct ORL A, @Ri ORL A, #data ORL direct, A ORL direct, #data XRLA, Rn XRL A, direct XRL A, @Ri XRL A, #data XRL direct, A XRL direct, #data CLR A CPL A RL A 0 0 0 a7 0 0 d7 0 a7 0 a7 d7 0 0 a7 0 0 d7 0 a7 0 a7 d7 0 0 a7 0 0 d7 0 a7 0 a7 d7 1 1 0 1 1 a6 1 1 d6 1 a6 1 a6 d6 1 1 a6 1 1 d6 1 a6 1 a6 d6 1 1 a6 1 1 d6 1 a6 1 a6 d6 1 1 1 0 0 a5 0 0 d5 0 a5 0 a5 d5 0 0 a5 0 0 d5 0 a5 0 a5 d5 1 1 a5 1 1 d5 1 a5 1 a5 d5 1 1 0 1 1 a4 1 1 d4 1 a4 1 a4 d4 0 0 a4 0 0 d4 0 a4 0 a4 d4 0 0 a4 0 0 d4 0 a4 0 a4 d4 0 1 0 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 0 a3 0 a3 d3 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 0 a3 0 a3 d3 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 0 a3 0 a3 d3 0 0 0 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 0 a2 0 a2 d2 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 0 a2 0 a2 d2 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 0 a2 0 a2 d2 1 1 1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 1 a1 1 a1 d1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 1 a1 1 a1 d1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 1 a1 1 a1 d1 0 0 1 n0 1 a0 i 0 d0 0 a0 1 a0 d0 n0 1 a0 i 0 d0 0 a0 1 a0 d0 n0 1 a0 i 0 d0 0 a0 1 a0 d0 0 0 2 3 58 5F 55 Byte 2 56 - 57 54 Byte 2 52 Byte 2 53 Byte 2 Byte 3 48 4F 45 Byte 2 46 - 47 44 Byte 2 42 Byte 2 43 Byte 2 Byte 3 68 6F 65 Byte 2 66 - 67 64 Byte 2 62 Byte 2 63 Byte 2 Byte 3 E4 F4 (A) (A) AND (Rn) (A) = (A) AND (direct) (A) = (A) AND ((Ri)) (A) = (A) AND #data (direct) - (direct) AND (A) (direct) - (direct) AND #data (A) (A) OR (Rn) (A) = (A) OR (direct) (A) = (A) OR ((Ri)) (A) = (A) OR #data (direct) - (direct) OR (A) (direct) - (direct) OR #data (A) (A) XOR (Rn) (A) = (A) XOR (direct) (A) = (A) XOR ((Ri)) (A) = (A) XOR #data (direct) - (direct) XOR (A) (direct) - (direct) XOR #data (A) 0 (A) ( A ) A7A6A5A4A3A2A1A0 0 0 Noi dung cua thanh ghi A dch sang trai mot bit. 33
RLC A
Noi dung thanh ghi A va C dch sang trai mot bit.
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RR A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3
Trang 124
A7A6A5A4A3A2A1A0 0 0
Noi dung cua thanh ghi A dch sang phai mot bit. 01001113RRC A
C
Noi dung thanh ghi A va C dch sang phai mot bit. SWAP A00 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 C4 (A3 - 0) = (A7 - 4)
C 8031 ARITHME TIC INSTRUC TIONS

ADD A, Rn ADD A, direct 0 0 a7 ADD A, @Ri 0 ADD A, #data 0 d7 ADDC A, Rn 0 ADDC A, direct 0 a7 ADDC A, @Ri 0 ADDC A, #data 0 d7 SUBB A, Rn 1 SUBB A, direct 1 a7 SUBB A, @Ri 1 SUBB A, #data 1 d7 INC A 0 INC Rn 0 INC direct 0 a7 INC @Ri 0 INC DPTR 1 DEC A 0 DEC Rn 0 DEC direct 0 a7 DEC @Ri 0 0 0 a6 0 0 d6 0 0 a6 0 0 d6 0 0 a6 0 0 d6 0 0 0 a6 0 0 0 0 0 a6 0 1 1 a5 1 1 d5 1 1 a5 1 1 d5 0 0 a5 0 0 d5 0 0 0 a5 0 1 0 0 0 a5 0 0 0 a4 0 0 d4 1 1 a4 1 1 d4 1 1 a4 1 1 d4 0 0 0 a4 0 0 1 1 1 a4 1 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 1 0 a3 0 0 d3 0 1 0 a3 0 0 0 1 0 a3 0 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 n2 1 a2 1 1 d2 1 n2 1 a2 1 0 1 n2 1 a2 1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 n1 0 a1 1 0 d1 0 n1 0 a1 1 1 0 n1 0 a1 1 n0 1 a0 i 0 d0 n0 1 a0 i 0 d0 n0 1 a0 i 0 d0 0 n0 1 a0 i 1 0 n0 1 a0 i 28 2F 25 Byte 2 26 - 27 24 Byte 2 38 3F 35 Byte 2 36 - 37 34 Byte 2 98 9F 95 Byte 2 96 - 97 94 Byte 2 04 08 0F 05 Byte 2 06 - 07 A3 14 18 1F 15 Byte 2 16 - 17 (A) (A) + (Rn) (A) = (A) + (direct) (A) = (A) + ((Ri)) (A) = (A) + #data (A) (A) + (C) + (Rn) (A) = (A) + (C) + (direct) (A) = (A) + (C) + ((Ri)) (A) = (A) + (C) + #data (A) (A) - (C) - (Rn) (A) = (A) - (C) - (direct) (A) = (A) - (C) - ((Ri)) (A) = (A) - (C) - #data (A) (A) + 1 (Rn) (Rn) + 1 (direct) (direct) + 1 ((Ri)) ((Ri)) + 1 (DPTR) (DPTR) + 1 (A) (A) - 1 (Rn) (Rn) - 1 (direct) (direct) - 1 ((Ri)) ((Ri)) 1
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MUL AB 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 A4
Trang 125
(B15 - 8), (A7 - 0) (A) x (B) Ket qua: byte cao cha trong (B) va byte thap cha trong (A) (A15 - 8), (B7 0) (A) / (B) Ket qua cha trong (A) vaphan d cha trong (B). Neu {[(A3 - 0) >9] hoac [(AC >1)]} th (A3 - 0) (A3 - 0) + 6 va Neu {[(A7 - 4) >9] hoac [(C >1)]} th (A7 - 4) (A7 - 4) + 6 Noi dung thanh ghi A chuyen oi sang so BCD. (PC) (PC) + 3 Neu #data < (Rn) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) (0), hoac neu #data > (Rn) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) (1) (PC) (PC) + 3 Neu #data < ((Ri)) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) (0), hoac neu #data > ((Ri)) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) (1) (PC) (PC) + 2 (Rn) (Rn) 1 Neu (Rn) khac 0 th (PC) (PC) + rel
DIV AB
B4
DAA
D4
CJNE Rn, #data, 1 rel d7 r7
0 d6 r6
1 d5 r5
1 d4 r4
1 d3 r3
n2 d2 r2
n1 d1 r1
n0 d0 r0
BF - FF Byte 2 Byte 3
CJNE @Ri, #data, rel
1 d7 r7
0 d6 r6
1 d5 r5
1 d4 r4
1 d3 r3
1 d2 r2
1 d1 r1
i d0 r0
B6 B7 Byte 2 Byte 3
DJNZ Rn, rel
1 r7
1 r6
0 r5
1 r4
1 r3
n2 r2
n1 r1
n0 r0
D8 DF Byte 2
(PC) (PC) + 3D5101111DJNZ direct, rel (direct) (direct) 1 Neu (direct) khac 0 th (PC) (PC) + rel Byte 2 Byte 3
a0 r0 a1 r1 a2 r2 a3 r3 a4 r4 a5 r5 NOP01 a6 r6 a7 r7
00
(PC) (PC) + 1
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C 0831 ORIENTE D INSTRUC TIONS

CLR C CLR bit SETB C SETB bit CPL C CPL bit 1 1 b7 1 1 b7 1 1 1 b6 1 1 b6 0 0 0 b5 0 0 b5 1 0 0 b4 1 1 b4 1 0 0 b3 0 0 b3 0 0 b3 0 b3 0 b3 0 b3 0 b3 0 0 b2 0 0 b2 0 0 b2 0 b2 0 b2 0 b2 0 b2 1 1 b1 1 1 b1 1 1 b1 1 b1 0 b1 1 b1 0 b1 1 0 b0 0 0 b0 1 0 b0 0 b0 0 b0 0 b0 0 b0 C3 C2 Byte 2 D3 D2 Byte 2 B3 B2 Byte 2 82 Byte 2 80 Byte 2 72 Byte 2 A0 Byte 2 (C) 0 bit 0 (C) 1 bit 1 (C) ( C ) bit ( bit ) (C) (C) AND bit (C) (C) AND ( bit ) (C) (C) OR bit (C) (C) OR ( bit )
1 0 1 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 ANL C, bit 1 0 0 0 b7 b6 b5 b4 ANL C, /bit 1 0 0 0 b7 b6 b5 b4 ORL C, bit 0 1 1 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 ORL C, /bit 1 0 1 0 b7 b6 b5 b4 (C) (bit)A2010001MOV C, bit b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 MOV bit, C01 b6 b7
Byte 2
1 b7
0 b6
0 b5
1 b4
0 b3
0 b2
1 b1
0 b0
92 Byte 2
(bit) (C)
C 08301 CONTRO L TRANSFE R INSTRUC TIONS

ACALL addr 11 a10 a9 a7 a6 a8 a5 1 a4 0 a3 0 a2 0 a1 1 a0 Byte 1 Byte 2 (PC) (PC) + 2 (SP) (SP) +1 ((SP)) (PC7 - 0) (SP) (SP) +1 (PC) page address a ch t A0 A10 nap vao PC0 PC10 con lai gi nguyen.
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LCALL 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 0 a8 a0 12 Byte 2 Byte 3
Trang 127
RET
RET1 Tr ve cua chng trnh ngat AJMP addr 11 LJMP addr 16 SJMP rel JMP @A, DPTR JZ rel JNZ rel JC rel JNC rel JB bit, rel JNB bit, rel JBC bit, rel
CJNE A, direct,
+3
(PC) (PC) + 3 (SP) (SP) +1 ((SP)) (PC7 - 0) (SP) (SP) +1 ((SP)) (PC15 - 8) (PC) addr15 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 22 (PC15 - 8) ((SP)) (SP) (SP) 1 (PC7 - 0) ((SP)) (SP) (SP) 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 32 (PC15 - 8) ((SP)) (SP) (SP) 1 (PC7 - 0) ((SP)) (SP) (SP) 1 a10 a9 a8 0 0 0 0 1 Byte 1 (PC) (PC) + 2 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 Byte 2 (PC10 - 0) page address 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 (PC) addr15 0 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 a9 a8 Byte 2 Lenh nhay giong nh a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 Byte 3 8085 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 (PC) (PC) + 2 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 2 (PC) (PC) + rel 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 73 (PC) (A) + (DPTR) 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 60 (PC) (PC) + 2 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 2 Neu (A) = 0 th (PC) (PC) + rel. 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 70 (PC) (PC) + 2 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 2 Neu (A) khac 0 th (PC) (PC) + rel. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 (PC) (PC) + 2 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 2 Neu (C) = 1 th (PC) (PC) + rel. 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 50 (PC) (PC) + 2 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 2 Neu (C) = 0 th (PC) (PC) + rel. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 (PC) (PC) + 3 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 Byte 2 Neu (bit) =1 th (PC) (PC) r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 3 + rel. 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 (PC) (PC) + 3 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 Byte 2 Neu (bit) = 0 th (PC) r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 3 (PC) + rel. 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10 (PC) (PC) + 3 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 Byte 2 Neu (bit) =1 th bit 0 r7 r6 r5 r4 r3 r2 r1 r0 Byte 3 (PC) (PC) + rel. rel10110101B5(PC) (PC) + 3CJNE A, #data, rel10110100B4(PC) (PC)
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Trang 128
PHAM MEM
LOC OBJ LINE SOUSE ; Chng trnh chnh ; Tao che o lam viec cho cac timer, ; bo ngat ngoai, lap vong i ngat, neu khong co ; ngat th quay tr ve chng trnh i ngat ieu ; khien, neu khong th tr ve chng trnh nap ; so ien thoai. 2000 nh RAM 4001 phat va MT8880 4002 ieu khien MT8880 6000 PORT hien th 8000 PORT /khien 0030 0040 0050 0000 0000 020030 0003 HIEN THI /KHIEN LED TEM1 TEM2 ORG LJMP ORG CTR EQU 10 RAM DAT EQU EQU 2000H ; 4001H ; ; 4002H ; ; EQU 6000H EQU 8000H EQU 30H EQU 40H EQU 50H 0000H MAIN 0003H
Le
a a thu a va ; ;
ch ch DATA ch
bo T/G cua T/G thai ch ch
trang a a
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Trang 129
0003 0200EC 0030
LJMP ORG MAIN:
BAODONG 0030H
0030 758915 hoat ong
MOV
TMOD,#15H ;
at
che
; cho cac TIMER 0033 75A881 ngoai T0 0036 D288 0038 12003D 003B 80FB t/h ngat so o hien MOV SETB LOOP: SJMP IE,#81H IT0 CALL LOOP NAPSODT ; Lap vong i ; Chng trnh nap ; ien thoai, sau ; th ra LED. ; thoai. 003D 902000 0040 7E00 0042 120067 0045 540F 0047 B40001 004A 22 004B F0 004C B40001 004F A3 LOOP3 MOV LOOP1 LOOP2 DPTR,#RAM MOV CALL ANL CLNE RET MOVX @DPTR,A CJNE INC A,#00H,LOOP4 DPTR
Le
; Cho phep ngat
Nap
so
ien
R6,#0 NHANPHIM A,#0FH A,#00H, LOOP3
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Trang 130
0050 80EE 0052 1200A9 0055 A3 0056 0E 0057 BE0AE8 005A C3 005B C0E0 005D E582 005F 9E 0060 F582 0062 D0E0 0064 D3 0065 80D9 nhan, so LOOP4
SJMP CALL INC INC CJME CLR
LOOP1 HIENTHI DPTR R6 R6,#10,LOOP2 C
PUSH ACC MOV A,DPL SUBB A,R6 MOV DPL,A POP ACC
SETB C SJMP LOOP1 ; Chng trnh nhan gia tr phm ; ien thoai c nap t ban
phm, gia tr ; cua so ien thoai c xac nh bi ; chng trnh nay. e tranh trng hp ; phm b rung, ta dung vong lap i. 0067 7828 0069 12007E 006C 50F9 006E D8F9 0070 C0E0 NHANPHIM MOV R0,#40 WAIT1 CALL QUETPHIM JNC NHANPHIM
DJNZ R0,WAIT1 PUSH ACC

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Trang 131
0072 7828 0074 12007E 0077 40F9 0079 D8F9 007B D0E0 007D 22 nhan dang C c C C c nhan.
WAIT WAIT2
MOV R0,#40 CALL QUETPHIM JC WAIT
DJPN R0,WAIT2 POP RET ; Chng trnh quet phm e ; trang thai nhan phm. C ; xet neu phm co nhan . ; Clear neu khong co phm QUET PHM ACC
007E 7904 0080 74FE 0082 FA 0083 F590 0085 E590 0087 54F0 0089 B4F007 008C EA 008D 23 008E D9F2 0090 C3 0091 8015 LOOP5
MOV R1,#4 MOV A,#0FEH MOV R2,A MOV P1,A MOV A,P1 ALN A,#0F0H
CJNE A,#0F0H,MAY MOV A,R2 RL A
DJNZ R1,LOOP5 CLR C
SJMP LOOP6
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Trang 132
0093 FA 0094 7404 0096 C3 0097 99 0098 F9 0099 EA 009A C4 009B 7B04 009D 13 009E 5006 00A0 09 00A1 09 00A2 09 00A3 09 00A4 DBF7 00A6 D3 00A7 E9 00A8 22 ien thoai ta tng LED. 96
MAY
MOV R2,A MOV A,#4 CLR C
SUBB A,R1 MOV R1,A MOV A,R2 SWAP A MOV R3,#4 LOOP7 RRC JNC INC INC INC INC A LOOP8 R1 R1 R1 R1
DJNZ R3,LOOP7 LOOP8 SETB C MOV A,R1 LOOP6 RET ; Chng trnh hien th so ; s dung phng phap quet HIEN TH
00A9 C083 00AB C082 00AD E582 00AF C3
PUSH DPH PUSH DPL MOV A,DPL CLR C

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Trang 133
00B0 9E 00B1 F582 00B3 753000 00B6 858340 00B9 858250 00B0 E0 00BD 540F 00BF B40A02 00C2 7400 00C4 C4 00C5 2530 00C7 904000 00CA F0 00CB 1200E7 00CE 854083 00D1 855082 00D4 E530 00D6 B50609 00D9 D082 00DB D083 00DD 117E 00DF 50C8 00E1 22 00E2 A3 00F3 0530 00E5 80CF HT2 HT1 HT
SUBB A,R6 MOV DPL,A MOV LED,#0 MOV TEM1,DPH MOV TEM2,DPL MOVX A,@DPTR ALN A,#0FH
CJNE A,#0AH,HT1 MOV A,#00H SWAP A ADD A,LED
MOV DPTR,#HIENTHI MOVX @DPTR,A CALL,DELAY MOV DPH,TEM1 MOV DPL,TEM2 MOV A,LED CJNE A,06H,HT2 POP POP DPL DPH
CALL QUETPHIM JNC RET INC INC DPTR LED HIENTHI
SJMP HT
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Trang 134
00E7 7DFF 00E9 DDFE 00EB 22 thc thi
DELAY HT3
MOV R5,#0FFH DJNZ R5,HT3 RET ; Chng trnh bao ong c ; khi co tn hieu bao ong:
T ong ; quay so ien thoai, nhan dang trang ; thai ng day va bao en toi a ; 3 so va moi so quay 3 lan. 00EC 902000 00EF AC82 00F3 7804 00F5 7903 00F7 7D00 00F9 904002 00FC 7401 00FE F0 00FF 120139 0102 400B 0104 904002 0107 7400 0109 F0 010A 1201C1 010D 80E6 010F 120153 0112 120182 BD3 BD2 BD1 MOV R3,DPH MOV R4,DPL MOV R0,#3 MOV R1,#3 MOV R5,#0 MOV DPTR,#DKHIEN MOV A,#00H MOVX @DPTR,A CALL DIALTONE JC BD3
MOV DPTR,#DKHIEN MOV A,#00H MOVX @DPTR,A CALL DELAY5s SJMP BD1 CALL QUAYSO CALL LOOPLINE
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Trang 135
0115 400E 0117 904002 011A 7400 011C F0 011D 1201C1 0120 D9D7 0122 D8D7 0124 32 0125 904002 0128 7403 012A F0 012B 1201D7 012E 7401 0130 904002 0133 F0 0134 7400 0136 F0 0137 80EB dung so. EXIT SOUND
JC
SOUND
MOV DPTR,#DKHIEN MOV A,#00H MOVX @DPTR,A CALL DELAY5s DJNZ R1,BD2 DJNZ R0,BD1 RET1 MOV DPTR,#DKHIEN MOV A,#03H MOVX @DPTR,A CALL DELAY30s MOV A,#01H MOV DPTR,#DKHIEN MOVX @DPTR,A MOV A,#00H MOVX @DPTR,A SJMP EXIT ; Chng trnh xet DIALTONE ; e xet tn hieu mi quay DIALTONE
0139 904005 013C 7402 013E F0 013F D28C
MOV DPTR,#CTR MOV A,#02H MOVX @DPTR,A SETB TR0

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Trang 136
0141 1201CC 0144 C28C 0146 E58A 0148 B40301 014B C3 014C 758A00 014F 748C00 0152 22 thoai s MT8880.
CALL DELAY6s CLR TR0
MOV A,TR0 CJNE A,#3,THOAT CLR C
THOAT MOV TR0,#00H MOV TH0,#00H RET ; Chng trnh quay so ien ; dung IC thu phat TONE
QUAY SO 0153 EC 0154 C3 0155 9D 0156 FC 0157 904005 015A 740B 015C F0 015D 8B83 015F 8C28 0161 E0 0162 A3 0163 0D 0164 AB83 0166 AC82 TIEP MOV A,R4 CLR C
SUBB A,R5 MOV R4,A MOV DPTR,#CTR MOV A,#0BH MOVX @DPTR,A MOV DPH,R3 MOV DPL,R4 MOVX A,@DHTR INC INC DPTR R5
MOV D3,DPH MOV R4,DPL

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Trang 137
0068 540F 006A B40F01 016D 22 016E 904004 0171 F0 0172 904005 0175 E0 0176 5402 0178 B40202 017B 80E0 017D 1201A9 0180 80F0 chng cua may TIEP3 TIEP2 TIEP1
ANL
A,#0FH
CJNE A,#0FH,TIEP1 RET MOV DPTR,#DAT MOVX @DHTR,A MOV DPTR,#CTR MOVX A,@DPTR ANL A,#02H
CJNE A,#02H,TIEP3 SJMP TIEP CALL DELAY1s SJMP TIEP2 ; Chng trnh xet LOOPLINE: ; trnh xet tn hieu nhac may ; b goi. LOOPLINE
0182 904005 0185 7402 0187 F0 0188 AE0A 018A D282 018C 1201CC 018F C28C 0191 E58A 0193 758A00 LABEL1
MOV DPTR,#CTR MOV A,#02H MOVX @DPTR,A MOV R6,10 SET TR0
CALL DELAY6s CLR TR0
MOV A,TR0 MOV TR0,#00H

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Trang 138
0196 758C00 0199 B40301 019C C3 019D 4001 019F 22 01A0 B40002 01A3 D3 01A4 22 01A5 DEE3 01A7 C3 01A8 22 LABEL4 LABEL3 LABEL2
MOV TH0,#00H CJNE A,#3,LABEL2 CLR JC RET CJNE A,#00H,LABEL4 SETB C RET DJNZ R6,LABEL1 CLR RET ; Chng trnh DELAY DELAY1s C C LABEL3
01A9 C000 01AB 7814 01AD 758D3C 01B0 758BB0 01B3 D28E 01B5 308FFD 01B8 C28F 01BA C28E 01BC D8EF 01BE D000 01C0 22 NHAT1 NHAT
PUSH 00H MOV R0,#20H MOV TH1,#HIGH(-50000) MOV TL1,#LOW(-50000) SETB TR1 JNB CLR CLR TF1 TF1 TR1 NHAT1
DJNZ R0,NHAT POP RET DELAY 5S 00H
01C1 C001
PUSH 01H
Le
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01C3 7905 01C5 31A9 01C7 D9FC 01C9 D001 01CB 22 NHAT2
MOV R1,#05H CALL DELAY1S DJNZ R1,NHAT2 POP RET DELAY 6S 01H
01CC C002 01CE 7A06 01D0 31A9 01D2 DAFC 01D4 D002 01D6 22 NHAT3
PUSH 02H MOV R2,#06H CALL DELAY1S DJNZ R2,NHAT3 POP RET DELAY 30S 02H
01D7 C003 01D9 7B05 01DB 31CC 01DD DBFC 01DF D003 01E1 22 NHAT4
PUSH 03H MOV R3,#05H CALL DELAY6S DJNZ R3,NHAT4 POP RET END. 03H
MUC LUC
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PHAN I: GII THIEU CHUNG......................................1

CHNG I: S LC VE HE THONG BAO CHAY VA IEU KHIEN................................................................................................1 A. HE THONG BAO CHAY:........................................................1 I. CACH NHAN BIET VA BAO CHAY:..................................1 II. CAC BO PHAN CHNH:.........................................................1 B. S LC VE HE THONG IEU KHIEN:...............................5 I. GII THIEU CAC DANG MACH TON TAI:...........................5 II. HNG CHON CUA E TAI:.............................................6 CHNG II: GII THIEU VI IEU KHIEN 8031..............................6 A. TOM TAC PHAN CNG: ......................................................6 I. GII THIEU MCS-51: (MCS-51: Family Overview)..................6 II. S LC VE CAC CHAN CUA C 8031:............................8 III. KHAO SAT CAC KHOI BEN TRONG 8031 TO CHC BO NH:..................................................................................12 IV. CAC THANH GHI CO CHC NANG AC BIET:.............15 V. BO NH NGOAI:...............................................................20 VI. NGO VAO TN HIEU RESET:..............................................22 B. HOAT ONG CUA BO NH TH TIMER:.............................23 I. GII THIEU:..........................................................................23 II. THANH GHI CHE O TIMER (TMOD):...................................24 III. THANH GHI IEU KHIEN TIMER (TCON)..............................25 IV. CHE O TIMER: .................................................................26 C. HOAT ONG CUA BO NGAT (INTERRUPT):........................32 I. GII THIEU:..........................................................................32 II. TO CHC NGAT CUA C8031/8051:................................33 III. X LY NGAT (Processing Interrupt):.................................36 IV. THIET KE CHNG TRNH DUNG CAC NGAT:..............37 V. CAC NGAT CUA C8051/8031:..........................................40 D. TAP LENH CUA C8051/8031:............................................41 I. CAC CHE O ANH A CH:........................................41 II. KHAO SAT TAP LENH 8051:............................................44 CHNG III: KHAO SAT IC THU PHAT TONE MT8880:.................47 I. MO TA CHC NANG:........................................................47 II. CAU HNH NGO VAO:........................................................47 CHNG IV: GII THEU IC QX R15...............................................56 I. AC IEM:............................................................................56 II. S O CHAN CUA IC QX-R15:...........................................56 III. S O KHOI BEN TRONG:................................................57 IV. Y NGHA CAC CHAN:.......................................................57 V. NGUYEN TAC HOAT ONG:..............................................58 IV. PHNG PHAP S DUNG ICQS-R15..................................59
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CHNG V: GII THIEU PHNG THC LAM VIEC CUA TONG AI VA CAC THUE BAO................................................61
PHAN II: THIET KE PHAN CNG..........................66

CHNG I: S O KHOI................................................................66 CHNG II: THIET KE BO NGUON.............................................68 I. BIEN AP:...............................................................................68 II. CHNH LU VA BO LOC:...................................................68 III. MACH ON AP 12V:..........................................................69 IV. MACH ON AP +5V:............................................................69 CHNG III: KHOI BAO CHAY......................................................71 A. THIET KE MACH CAM BIEN:...............................................71 I. BO CAM BIEN NHIET:.......................................................71 II. BO CAM BIEN KHOI:........................................................75 III. X LY TN HIEU VAO:.....................................................77 B. MACH BAO ONG TAI CHO:...............................................77 CHNG IV: KHOI GIAO TIEP........................................................79 I. MACH KHUECH AI AM THANH RA:....................................80 II. MACH KHUECH AI TONE VAO:.........................................81 III. MACH KHUECH AI TONE RA:.............................................82 IV. MACH KH TRAC AM:......................................................83 V. MACH THU PHAT TONE DTMF:.............................................84 .........................................................................................................87 CHNG V: KHOI TIENG NOI......................................................87 I. GII THIEU IC APR9600:.......................................................87 II. S O KHOI TIENG NOI:..................................................90 CHNG VI: KHOI X LY TRUNG TAM......................................95 I. S O KHOI:........................................................................95 II. KHOI GIAI MA:...................................................................96 III. BO NH:.............................................................................97 IV. KHOI HIEN TH:.................................................................99 V. BAN PHM:.............................................................................99 CHNG VII: KHOI IEU KHIEN.................................................101 I. S O KHOI:......................................................................101 II. KHOI GIAO TIEP:................................................................101 III. KHOI IEU KHIEN:..........................................................103
S O BO TR LINH KIEN CUA THIET B...........104

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MACH IN MAT TREN...............................................105 MACH IN MAT DI...............................................106 PHAN III: THIET KE PHAN MEM.........................107
A. NGUYEN LY HOAT ONG CUA CAC CHNG TRNH....107 I. CHNG TRNH CHNH:..........................................................107 II. CHNG TRNH NAP SO IEN THOAI:.............................107 III.CHNG TRNH NHAN MA PHM:......................................107 IV.CHNG TRNH QUET BAN PHM:....................................108 V. CHNG TRNH HIEN TH:.................................................109 VI. CHNG TRNH BAO ONG:............................................109 VII. CHNG TRNH XET DIALTONE:.......................................110 VIII. CHNG TRNH XAT B GOI NHAC MAY:...................110 IX. CHNG TRNH QUAY SO:.................................................111 X.CHNG TRNH IEU KHIEN:.............................................111 B. GIAI THUAT CAC CHNG TRNH:.....................................112
PHU LUC..................................................................122
C 8031 LOGICAL INSTRUSTIONS....................................................123 C 8031 ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS..............................................124 C 0831 ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS.................................................126
PHAM MEM............................................................128 MUC LUC.................................................................139

Neu #data < (A) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) 0 hoac Neu #data > (A) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) 1. Byte 2 Byte 3 d0 r0 d1 r1 d2 r2 d3 r3 d4 r4 d5 r5 d6 r6 d7
Le
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r7 Neu (direct) < (A) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) 0 hoac Neu (direct) > (A) th (PC) (PC) + rel va (C) 1. Byte 2 Byte 3 a0 r0 a1 r1 a2 r2 a3 r3 a4 r4 a5 r5 a6 r6 a7 r7
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Le

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PHAN I: GII THIEU CHUNG

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R 1M 10M 100 0 1 1 10 100 1m/m2 100 0 Cng o anh sang

- Cam bien quang ban dan:

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VI IEU KHIEN 8031

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Bo nhan /chia 4 bit

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PSEN\ ALE EA\ RST

S o Chan Cua 8031

P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7

S o logic cua 8031

Chc nang cac chan cua 8031: Port 0:

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Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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Ngo vao bo dao ong X1, X2:

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Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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address Byte address

Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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PSW.2 PSW.1 PSW.0

D2H D1H D0H

Bang : Cac bit cua thanh ghi PSW

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K hieu SMOD GF1 GF0 PD IDL

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PCH (byte cua PC)

Gian o thi gian

bo nh chng trnh ngoai

A7-A0 EPROM A15-A8 OE\

Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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+5v 10f 10k

Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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TCON. 6 TCON. 5 TCON. 4 TCON. 3

TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1

8EH 8DH 8CH 8BH

Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat

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C kieu ngat 0 ben ngoai

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TF0 TF1 C bao tran

5. Nguon tao xung nhp:

0: (len) nh khoang thi gian

Thiet B Bao Chay Va ieu Khien T ong c Nhat