Nhng iu cn ch khi lm bi tp

* | A | = 0 _ ma trn suy bin _ r(A) = r(A) < n (s vc t) _ ph thuc tuyn tnh * | A | # 0 _ ma trn khng suy bin _ A kh nghch _ r(A) = r(A) = n _ h c nghim duy nht * Vi h phng trnh tuyn tnh: - s PT < s n => v s nghim <=> r(A) = r( A ) v nghim <=> r(A) # r( A ) c nghim khng tm thng
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s PT = s n _ nu | A | = 0 => c nghim khng tm thng _ nu | A | # 0 => c nghim tm thng

VECT MA TRN H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH

X+Y=Y+X (X + Y) + Z = X + (Y+Z) X+0=X X + (-X) = 0 1.X = X ( + ).X = .X + .X (. )X = .( .X) .(X+Y) = .X + .Y

(A . B).C= A.(B.C) A.(B+C) =A.B+A.C k.(A.B)= k.A.B A.E =A, B.E =B ( E l ma trn n v). Nu A, E l ma trn vung cng cp th A.E = E.A =A

A c ma trn nghch o khi A kh nghich c ngha l | A | # 0 * Nu A l ma trn nghch o ca A th nh thc ca A = nh thc ca A

hng ca A = hng ca A

* Nu A l nh thc chuyn v ca A th | A | = | A| * Nu A v B l 2 ma trn vung cng cp th => | A.B | = | A | . | B | => ( A.B )-1 = B -1 . A-1 * iu kin h phng trnh tuyn tnh c nghim l hng ca ma trn cc h s = hng ca ma trn m rng * i vi phng trnh tuyn tnh: - C nghim : khi | A | = | A| - C 1 nghim: khi | A | = | A| = s n - C v s nghim : khi | A | = | A| < s n - C nghim tm thng : khi | A | # 0 - C nghim khng tm thng: khi | A | = 0 * i vi h phng trnh tuyn tnh thun nht Nu s phng trnh = s n |A| #0 Phng trnh c nghim tm thng

N Nu

s pt = s n v | A | = 0 r(A) = r(A) < s n s pt < s n

Phng trnh c nghim khng tm thng