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《核能基礎答問》
《核能基礎答問》
1.
2.
3.
nonukessinohk@gmail.com
http://www.greenpartypost.net/nonukes.html
2012 2
so far so good........2
........4
........5
40001 ........5
..7
........8
........9
........12
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.....14
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...19
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........25
50
........31
WHO
1959
WHO
IAEA
Alexey V.
Yablokov Vassily B. Nesterenko
47
Nuclear
Controversies
Controversies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qqhm_ZrfhE
1
() 21
B.
so far so good
( 25 )
(IAEA)
IAEA
vs
(50 vs 50-100 )
100
20
40
(
)
--
http://www.greenpartypost.net/nonuk
es/2012March11.html
311
18,000
1.
-14
14
2
3
4
Storm van Leeuwen, J.W. Health Risks of Nuclear Power. The Netherlands: Ceedata,
22 November, 2010.
2
Caldicott, H. Nuclear Power is Not the Answer. New York: NY: The New Press, 2006.
190
5
2.
1979 1986
1997
20082012
2012
20082012
2009
4060
15,000
3.
4,000 1
5
6
2011 130
Weyler , R. Nuclear Delusions. Greenpeace Blogs. 2011.
5
Saskatchewan
Gabon Areva
5,000
8
9
2004 980,000
47
4,000 1
Greenpeace International. Left in the dust: AREVAs radioactive legacy in the desert
towns of Niger. April 2010.
8
Yablokov, A.V., V.B. Nesterenko and A.V. Nesterenko. Chernobyl: Consequences of
the Catastrophe for People and the Environment. Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences, vol.1181, 2009.
http://www.strahlentelex.de/Yablokov%20Chernobyl%20book.pdf
9
Grossman, K. New Book Concludes Chernobyl death toll: 985,000, mostly from
cancer. Global Research, 4 September, 2010.
6
4.
140,000
140,000
-235
-239
800
-235
1000 1000
10
11
1966
2011
12
10
http://www.nuclearfreeplanet.org/prof-hiroaki-koide-of-kyoto-university-the-truth-of-nuclear-po
wer-plants.html
11
Radiation rises in seawater near Fukushima plant. The Guardian, 30 March, 2011.
12
http://blog.xuite.net/lill88/lill/46784436
7
5.
13,14
Alice Stewart
15
Rosalie Bertell
eV 6 10
DNA/RNA 16
-85-133
-135 17,18
13
Gould, J.M. The Enemy Within: The High Cost of Living Near Nuclear Reactors.
New York, NY: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1996.
14
Busby, C. Wolves of Water: A Study Constructed From Atomic Radiation, Morality,
Epidemiology, Science, Bias, Philosophy and Death. Wales, UK: Green Audit, 2006.
15
Greene. G. The Woman Who Knew Too Much: Alice Stewart and the Secrets of
Radiation. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1999.
16
Mittica P. Chernobyl: The Hidden Legacy. Great Britain: Trolley, 2007.
17
Beyond Nuclear. Routine Radioactive Releases from Nuclear Power Plants in the
United States. 2009.
18
Radioactive Tritium Has Leaked From Three-Quarters of U.S. Nuclear Plants: AP
Investigation. The Associated Press, 21 June, 2011.
8
4060 40
19,20
21
22
23
24
6.
19
20
Radiation Bombards Reactors, Makes Them Brittle. The Associated Press, 18 July, 2011.
Public Health Petition: Longstanding Leakage of Contaminated Water. 25 January, 2006.
21
15
2011
23
Lochbaum, D. The NRC and Nuclear Power Plant Safety in 2010: A Brighter
Spotlight Needed. Union of Concerned Scientists, March 2011.
24
U.S. Was Warned on Vents Before Failure at Japans Plant. The New York Times,
18 May, 2011.
9
15
UNSCEAR
BEIR
25, 26
A.
RERF
RERF
BEIR-5
19501955 UNSCEAR-88
B.
BEIR-5
C. BEIR-5 RERF 75
3549 50
BEIR-5
25
Chernobyl: Looking Back to Go
ForwardIAEA
Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People
and the Environment
28,29
100 250
1 20
27
https://www.hknuclear.com/DayaPerf/Releases/Pages/Radioactive.aspx
U.S. Nuclear Regulators Weaken Safety Rules, Fail To Enforce Them: AP
Investigation The Associated Press, 20 June, 2011.
29
Groups Request Info on Reactor Exemptions, Evacuation. Environmental
Protection.com, 28 March, 2011.
28
11
7.
30, 31
1950
Areva Framatome
30
32
1957 Price-Anderson
Act
33
104
1959 IAEA
34
IAEA
17%
8.
7
32
///
35
9.
36
37
38
13
35
14
39
40
Darlington 60 260
1000C
24
EPR
41,42,43
EPR
2013
39
. Nuclear powers real chain reaction: spiralling costs. The Guardian Damian
Carringtons Environment Blog, 22 July, 2011.
42
Patel, T. French Nuclear Watchdog Says EDF Has Problems With Flamanville EPR
Liner. Bloomberg, 30 August, 2010.
43
India to postpone decision on buying EPR reactors from France. The Hindu, 20 September, 2011.
15
10.
16
46
85.5% 0.1%44
44
45
/
/
0.31
0.19
2.29
0.16
3.00
0.13
0.12
46
/
/
0.26
0.29
2.00
0.40
0.53
0.11
0.02
6.20
3.61
http://www.weather.gov.hk/education/friends_hko/newsletter/Vol46/Vol46_p9.pdf
17
47
hotspots
hotspots
hotspots
48,49,50
45
http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/osradtraining/backgroundradiation/background.htm
http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/rp/factsheets/factsheets-htm/fs10bkvsman.htm
47
Sternglass, E. Secret Fallout: Low-level Radiation from Hiroshima to Three-Mile
Island. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book, 1981.
48
Pauling, L. No More War! New York, NY: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1959.
49
Sakharov, A.D. Memoirs. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990.
50
Greene, G.. 1999. op. cit.
46
18
( 2011.12.8 )
1. 200 /
180 20
- 30-50
2. 1000
/
3.
Iodine
Cesium
Iodine
Iodine
Cesium
Cesium
47
Strontium
Strontium
Strontium
4.
400 /
1250
/
90-800 /
5.
Codex The Guidelines Level for Radionucleids in
Food Following Accidental Nuclear Contamination for Use
in International Trade Guidelines
WHO
FAO
IAEA 2005
1959
IAEA
19
WHO FAO *
*
IAEA
IAEA
WHO
IAEA Codex
6.
IAEA
BEIR UNSCEAR
ICRP
7.
20
8.
Internal Radiation
Radiation
21
51, 52 AP1000
100
Robert Gale
53
51
Union of Concerned Scientists. Nuclear Power in a Warming World (Chapter 6). 2007.
52
http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/nuclear/patric-moore-background-inform/
53
2011
54
55
Gale 56
EPR
57
AP1000
58
crash test
http://articles.latimes.com/1987-04-26/opinion/op-1445_1_nuclear-energy
54
Ibid.
55
Spectre of Chernobyl takes form in Fukushima. ABC News, 28 March, 2011.
56
2011 7 2
http://www.greenpartypost.net/nonukes/TVB.html
57
Stuxnet virus penetrates nuclear plant, may cause Chernobyl-like disaster. The
Associated Press, 31 January, 2011.
58
U.S. nuke regulators weaken safety rules. The Associated Press, 20 June, 2011.
23
65,66
59
WikiLeaks cables reveal fears over China's nuclear safety. The Guardian, 25
August, 2011.
60
World Nuclear Association. Nuclear Power in China. 2011.
61
U.K. Health and Safety Executive, French Safety Authority (ASN) and Finnish
nuclear regulator (STUK). Joint Regulatory Position Statement on the EPR Pressurised
Water Reactor. 2 November, 2009.
62
Boyd, R. Safety Concerns Delay Approval of the First U.S. Nuclear Reactor in
Decades. Scientific American. 29 July, 2010.
63
AP1000 Oversight Group. New Reactor Model Faces Legal Challenge. 6 April, 2011.
64
(Paul Jobin)
() 1993
(
)
(
)
25
26
()
......
......
[mSv
[mSv]
[mSv]
27
2002 2 18
(ICRP)
2011 5 8
15
2011 152-160)
28
http://www.greenpartypost.net/nonukes/2012March11.html
2. 15
2011
3.
2011
4.
http://chinanuclearsafetyinformationcenter.blogspot.com/
5.
http://scitech.people.com.cn/BIG5/5534085.html
6. Alexievich, Svetlana
2011
7. Pellegrino, Charles
1945
2011
8. 10
2011
9.
1987
1.
29
1.
2.
3.
4.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBVQ3B-Jvrw
Dr. Gordon EdwardsCanadian
Coalition for Nuclear
Edwards
Responsibility
2010.12.1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqheZZ0pRNw&feature=related
5.
6.
Into Eternity
Eternity
75 Michael Madsen2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bR2uMm-a3j0
7.
30
Channel 41995
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92fP58sMYus&feature=related
8.
9.
2011.3.17
2011.3.17
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq8-HZxv6xM
2011.9.26
2011.9.26
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-UvzYjRL-4&feature=related
10. Dr. Janette Sherman
Sherman
2011.3.5
2011.3.5
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxqXTPefBzE
11. Ernest Sternglass
30
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DWxQyWel38Q
12.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyVE9hSuT3I
13. Kevin Kamps
Kamps
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbW0roMdJlY
14. Uranium Is It a Country? Tracking the Origins of Nuclear Power
2030
31
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