Analysis and Prediction of Student Academic

Performance Using Machine Learning

Keerthana M Nithya R Swetha N
BamaKumari N Department of Department of Department of
Department of Computer Computer Computer
Computer Science and Science and Science and
Science and Engineering , Engineering , Engineering ,
Engineering , Jaya Sakthi Jaya Sakthi Jaya Sakthi
Jaya Sakthi Engineering Engineering Engineering
Engineering College ,Thiruninr College ,Thiruninr College ,Thiruninr
College ,Thiruninravur , avur ,Chennai avur ,Chennai avur ,Chennai
Chennai Tamil Nadu , Tamil Nadu , Tamil Nadu ,
Tamil Nadu , India . India . India . India .
Bamaraji3@gmail.co keertikeerthana25 nithyar472@gmail nthara182@gmail.
m 32gmail.com .com com

Abstract : Education plays a pivotal role in shaping high accuracy not only supports early
a student's future, and early identification of intervention strategies but also empowers
academic performance can significantly enhance educators and administrators to make informed,
learning outcomes. Predicting student academic
data-driven decisions [1]. Studies such as [2]
performance is a critical task for educational
institutions to provide timely support and enhance
have demonstrated that classification algorithms
academic outcomes. This project, "Analysis and like Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines
Prediction of Student Academic Performance (SVM), and Random Forests can achieve
Using Machine Learning," is designed to assess substantial predictive accuracy when trained on
students' knowledge through subject-wise tests and student performance data. These models can be
provide insights into their academic standing by instrumental in identifying students who are
emergence of Machine Learning (ML) and data likely to struggle academically, thereby enabling
analysis tools such as Scikit-learn, Pandas, and timely support and personalized learning
NumPy, it is now feasible to develop accurate and
pathways.Beyond academic variables, socio-
interpretable models to forecast student
success..By creating an interactive and intelligent economic factors play a crucial role in shaping
learning environment, this project motivates student performance. Research in [3]
students to advance their knowledge while offering underscores that factors such as parental
administrators a structured method to assess education, household income, and access to
progress and suggest relevant study materials. The learning resources significantly influence
integration of machine learning algorithms enables academic outcomes. Therefore, a comprehensive
the system to adapt to individual learning patterns, predictive model must incorporate both
thereby facilitating a more personalized and scholastic and socio-economic attributes to
effective educational experience.
ensure fairness, inclusivity, and improved
Keywords : Machine Learning , Scikit-learn , reliability of the predictions.
Pandas , NumPy , Knowledge Assessment . This project is aims to enhance student learning
outcomes by integrating machine learning
I. INTRODUCTION algorithms to predict academic performance and
provide personalized study recommendations by
In the current education system, student presenting an analytical framework that
performance is usually evaluated through combines multiple supervised ML algorithms to
manual assessments such as periodic exams, predict student academic performance based on
assignments, and classroom participation. both academic and socio-economic features. By
Teachers analyze student performance based on leveraging a balanced and preprocessed dataset,
test scores, attendance, and subjective this project aims to achieve high accuracy and
evaluations. Traditional methods often rely on interpretability. The outcomes of this study are
human judgment to assess students' strengths intended to assist educational institutions in
and weaknesses.Some existing digital platforms implementing proactive academic support
provide online tests and quizzes, but they lack systems and developing policies tailored to
predictive analytics and personalized students' diverse needs.
improvement recommendations. Students
receive scores but do not get insights into how II. RELATED WORK
they can enhance their performance effectively.
The ability to forecast student outcomes with Pardo et al. [3] examined student interactions in
flipped classrooms, emphasizing the need for real-
time analytics to support learning engagement. Meier Participatio 0.67 0.12 0.58
et al. [6] proposed ML models for predicting grades n Rate
by analyzing temporal patterns in academic data.
Arsad and Buniyamin [7] designed neural network- Step 4: Feature Selection
based models for predicting student performance,
while Gray et al. [8] employed classification methods Use correlation matrices, mutual information, and
to track learner progression. recursive feature elimination (RFE) to identify
Buniyamin et al. [9] utilized educational data mining relevant features.
techniques for classification tasks in engineering Employ statistical formulas like:
education. Selvakumar et al. [2] introduced enhanced Pearson Correlation Coefficient:
K-means clustering algorithms to group users based Chi-Square Statistic:
on behavioral patterns, which provides a valuable Mutual Information:
approach for academic profiling. Kumar and Singh Gini Feature Importance (used in Random Forests):
[11] developed a comprehensive framework
integrating behavioral and academic features to Step 5: Model Development
forecast student outcomes. Smith and Brown [14]
examined socio-economic factors, establishing a link Apply multiple supervised ML algorithms such as:
between background conditions and academic Logistic Regression
achievement. Decision Tree
Patel et al. [12] focused on leveraging historical Random Forest
records using ML algorithms for early intervention Support Vector Machine (SVM)
strategies. Gupta and Mehta [13] offered insights into K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
high-accuracy prediction using a combination of Use Scikit-learn for model building and evaluation.
feature engineering and ML classifiers. These efforts
collectively inform the current study’s emphasis on Step 6: Model Evaluation
integrating behavioral, academic, and socio-economic
features in supervised learning models for improved Assess models using accuracy, precision, recall, and
prediction. F1-score.
Employ cross-validation to ensure robustness.
III. METHODOLOGY Visualize confusion matrices and ROC curves for
performance interpretation.
The methodology for predicting student performance
is carried out in several structured stages: Model Accurac Preci Rec F1-
y sion all Score
Step 1: Data Collection
Logistic 82% 0.81 0.80 0.80
Gather academic datasets including student grades, Regressi
attendance, test scores, and socio-economic details. on
Sources may include institutional databases, learning Decision 85% 0.83 0.84 0.83
management systems, or publicly available datasets. Tree
Random 87% 0.86 0.87 0.86
Step 2: Data Preprocessing
Forest
Handle missing values using imputation techniques SVM 84% 0.82 0.83 0.82
(mean, median, or mode). Table 2: Model Evaluation Metrics
Normalize numerical features and encode categorical
variables using one-hot encoding or label encoding.
Apply feature scaling for algorithms sensitive to Step 7: Model Selection and Deployment
magnitude (e.g., SVM, KNN).
Select the best-performing model based on evaluation
Step 3: Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) metrics.
Design a dashboard or system interface for real-time
Perform correlation analysis to identify key attributes prediction.
influencing performance.
Visualize data distribution using histograms, boxplots,
and scatterplots. IV. ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM
Conduct outlier detection and treatment.
Table 1: Sample EDA Summary The Student Performance Prediction System
Feature Mean Std Correlation Architecture diagram outlines the structure and
Dev with Final flow of the system, illustrating how different
Grade components interact with each other. The system
Attendance 85 10.5 0.72 consists of three main components: Admin
(%) Panel, Machine Learning Module, and Student
Homework 78 15.3 0.65 Portal.
Score (%)
Overall System Flow:
 The design activities are of main importance in
 The Admin uploads questions and study this phase, because in this activity, decisions
materials. ultimately affecting the successof the software
 Students register, access resources, and implementation and its ease of maintenance are
take tests. made. These decisions have the final bearing
 The Machine Learning Module processes upon reliability and maintainability of the
responses, predicts performance, and system. Design is the only way to accurately
classifies students. translate the customer’s requirements into
 The system suggests recommendations and finished software or a system.
study materials based on the student’s test Design is the place where quality is fostered in
results. development. Software design is a process
 Students review the recommended through which requirements are translated into a
materials, retake the test, and improve their representation of software. Software design is
scores. conducted in two steps. Preliminary design is
concerned with the transformation of
requirements into data.

VI. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT :

1. Introduction of Staff Admin Role

A new "Staff Admin" role will be introduced

between Admin and Student.
Staff Admins can assist in managing student
performance, assigning study resources, and
monitoring progress.
They will have limited access compared to the
main Admin but will help in reviewing test
results and guiding students.

2. AI-Based Personalized Learning

Implement advanced machine learning models to

provide more accurate performance predictions.
AI can analyze student behavior, learning
patterns, and test results to suggest tailored study
materials.

3. Gamification of Learning

Introduce badges, leaderboards, and rewards for

students who consistently improve their scores.
This will encourage students to participate
actively and engage in assessments.

4. Integration of Live Sessions

Enable live video sessions where students can

V. SYSTEM DESIGN AND interact with subject experts or staff admins.
IMPLIMENTATION This can be beneficial for students struggling
with specific subjects.
Design is the first step in the development phase
for any techniques and principles for the purpose 5. Mobile Application Development
of defining a device, a process or system in
sufficient detail to permit its physical Create a mobile version of the platform to allow
realization.Once the software requirements have students and staff admins to access the system
been analyzed and specified the software design on the go.
involves three technical activities - design, Features like push notifications for new study
coding, implementation and testing that are materials and test reminders can be added.
required to build and verify the software.
6. Performance Tracking Dashboard c D, Jovanovic J, Dawson S, Mirriahi N.
Exploring student interactions with preparation
Develop a comprehensive dashboard for activities in a flipped classroom experience.
Admins, Staff Admins, and Students to visualize IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies.
academic progress over time. 2018 Jul
Use graphs and reports to highlight weak areas 23;12(3):333-46.
and track improvements.
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7. Multi-Language Support for predicting student performance. In 2015
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VII. CONCLUSION Using Machine Learning 173

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accessibility will further improve the system’s students’ performance prediction model
effectiveness. These upgrades will create a more (NNSPPM). In
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