International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume 118 No. 14 2018, 141-148
ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE BASED ON CLASSIFICATION AND MAPREDUCE
APPROACH IN BIGDATA
Dr.R Senthil Kumar1, Jithin Kumar.K.P2
1,2
Department of Computer Science, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru
Campus Mysuru, India
sen07mca@gmail.com1, jithinkumarkp18@gmail.com2
Abstract:In recent years, a large amount of data stored
in the educational database mainly contains student’s
information like marks and personal details. Using that
information, we can analyze the student's performance,
which will help both teachers and students. The teacher
can identify student’s performance and can counsel the
student to perform better, likewise also the student can
improve their performance in examinations. In this
paper, the predictive (forecasting) modeling method is
used to remove this error data. We use different data set
to develop a prediction model. MapReduce's MongoDB
framework model will analyze the performance. The
result will help teachers analyze student’s performance
in the classroom, and then examination department can
choose appropriate faculty and teaching mediation to
improve student educational outcomes with the use of
MapReduce's MongoDB framework to implement the
student's results prediction.
Keywords: Big Data; Mango DB; Map-Reducing;
Learning analytics; Clustering;
1.Introduction
Educational institutions have large amounts of data.
Those data will include students’ personal information
and the academic details. An Educational institution
needs to know the case history of the registered students
of their institute to predict their performance, and to help
analyze the student performance in the future academic.
This will help teachers to identify the student who needs
an extra attention in classes. The main intention is to
identify and support the students to score better marks.
Data from different organizations are considered for
input data sets, such as primary, secondary and advanced
levels of education, and testing whether different data
mining methods are used to achieve the same
performance results. Big data consists of a large amount
of data. Existing MapReduce algorithm using Hadoop,
the proposed Map/reduce Algorithm using MongoDB
software is efficient data analysis in big data. For
clustering, advanced K-mean algorithm is used. It
mainly helps to categorize student with their marks. K
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represents clustering, if we have N observations it
produces K clusters. For prediction of the student
performance multiple linear regression algorithms are
used, which will transfer into MapReduce algorithm and
it will run on software MongoDB. The students' previous
data applied to linear regression algorithm and build the
predictive model, which consists of two parts of Map
and Reduces function. Map function performs filtering
and sorting, such as sorting student’s first name and last
name into columns and reduce function performs the
summary operation such as counting the number of
students in each column.
The proposed model will predict students’ performance
and it will help parents and teachers to understand
student’s improvement in the exams. The main
advantage of the system is that the time complexity is
reduced and large data is supported for several practical
applications. It also supports online data, even if the
classification accuracy is increased for large data it
supports datasets and unnecessary data, and lower
computational complexity and efficiency of the system is
improved compared with the existing system.
2. Literature survey
Some related works are summarized here based on the
Analysis of Student Performance based on Classification
and Map-reduce approach in Big Data. Alcala et.al [1]
suggested that educational data mining plagued an
increasing number of ways to determine the evidence
from the data, mainly from the unknown source of data
driven by the model to highlight the strength and the
weakness. Clint McElroy et.al [2] include online data of
students which will help to identifying risk and good
students rapidly. The data will be increasing regularly.
Anna Lea Dyckhof et.al [3]
Introduced a learning analytics toolkit that helps teachers
discover and compare learning object usage, user
attributes, user behavior, and graph-based results.
George Lepouras et.al [4] presented a n open source
learning analytics platform that will generate data from
different sources and provide the necessary functionality
for all clients to make decisions for the learning process.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Chatti et.al [5] This review has recently published four
dimensions about Los Angeles and its related fields and
mapping them to the reference model. In addition, we
identified LA's various challenges and opportunities in
all aspects. Ourania Petropoulou et.al [6] Here, a
complete view of the Hadoop MapReduce scheduling
algorithm, which helps researchers. MapReduce has
three important scheduling issues, such as region,
management, and equality. The most common goal of
scheduling algorithms is to minimize the completion
time of parallel applications. Ferreira et.al [7]
Educational analysis performance from the need to
aggregate a variety of data sources, and easy to mobilize
selected information related to the difficulty of treatment
will help to identify management behavior.
Mohan et.al [8] presented here a student study of the
results of the study of Indian secondary education
secondary school student data and to determine the risk
of their college students. Alshammari et.al [9] measured
the probability of using the cloud platform to analyze the
genome Bigdata. Here they detail about the big data.
Zhang et.al [10] proposed a student performance
prediction model associated with the entire learning
process. The model consists of four parts: data
collection and preprocessing, learning behavior analysis,
algorithm model building, and forecasting. And the
application of enhanced Logistic regression algorithm to
analyze the behavior of students and predict their
performance. Oyelade et.al [11] here they will propose a
statistical algorithm for arranging students score
according to their performance.
Widyahastufi et.al [12] is designed to provide a predictor
of student performance in the final exam by applying
linear regression and multi-layer perceptions in WEKA
in terms of accuracy, performance and error rates to
compare its feasibility. Wang et.al [13] proposed a
hierarchical prediction model that automatically predicts
student achievement based on student performance.
They used the feature-based regression back propagation
neural network method, carefully considering the
educational theory. Ramos et.al [14] aims to apply data
mining techniques to determine the student's profile and
participation patterns at a higher distance course to
predict each student's approval opportunities. Al-Shehri
et.al [15] used two models to predict the student's results
in the final exam. Vector machine algorithm and the K-
Nearest Neighbor algorithm forecast the student's
performance on the data set and then compare its
accuracy.
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Prachuabsupakij et.al [16] proposed the effectiveness
and efficiency of rule-based learning to predict student
graduation and help improve the quality of education by
matching the two pretreatment methods of SMOTE and
Releif. Devasia et.al [17] it is a web-based application
that utilizes naive Bayesian techniques to extract useful
information from 700 students at the University of
Amrita. The results show that the naive Bayesian
algorithm is more accurate than other prediction
algorithms. Archanaa et.al [18] for comparative analysis
of different controls Learning algorithms such as group
learning methods, trees, Bayesian methods, results
checking and reliable features, packaging methods -
classifier subset evaluation feature selection methods for
selection. Thangavel et.al [19] proposed a
recommendation system that predicts students have one
of five resettlement states. Dream, core, mass, do not
qualify. Also, know that they are most likely to achieve
the individual placement of students. Dinesh et.al [20]
proposed an automated analysis system that monitors
students who attend online lectures from a remote
location and provides feedback to the teacher. Record
and analyze classroom video to determine student
movement that may not be noticed by the teacher during
class.
As we have seen in the above paragraphs, there are few
papers that discuss about the prediction of results over a
limited dataset and the effectiveness of the algorithms is
not to the mark. The prediction of the result will be
based on various information and there are very few
variables that are taken into consideration. There are a
lot of constraints and limitations to the algorithms that
they have used, the limitations also include efficiency
and reliability.
3. Proposed System
To identify students with educational risks and develop
predictive models to predict student’s performance, and
to help identify students’ final outcome. Students’
academic performance will be related to many features.
The scope of this study is limited to the study of progress
in learning. The analysis of student performance consists
of two functions:
a) Students who are at the academic risk
b) Predict the student performance.
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Fig1. Architecture Diagram
a) Students who are at the academic risk
Data is collected from different educational sectors and
the lowest six subject marks are selected, it requires
proper method of extracting knowledge from large
repositories for better decision making. This presents an
important challenge to organizations that use data
management mechanisms to analyze, process and store
large data sets. Therefore, a new model called "big data
analytics" needs to be defined to reevaluate the existing
system and manage and process large amounts of student
data. Here we implement a new component of big data
analytics called "learning analytics". It refers to
performing various data produced by students in order to
evaluate learning progress like, predict future
performance, and identify probable problems.
The first step of learning analytics is to collect data from
different educational institutions, this step is very
difficult, because of the real information about students’
details are fetched from the respective institutions. Data
collected from various institutes and since it contains a
large amount of data those data sets are considered as the
big data. Here MongoDB framework can be used. It’s
very cost-effective and it generates quicker data
processing.
MongoDB is free and open-source cross-platform,
document oriented database program. Classified as a
NoSQL database program. MongoDB can be used as a
file system with load balancing and data replication
features over multiple machines for storing files.
JavaScript can be used in queries, aggregation functions
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(such as MapReduce), and sent directly to the database
to be executed.
B. Predict Student Performance
For educational institutes, the student's result analysis
and prediction are very important because of their
quality of education. The main process is the ability to
meet the needs of students. Analyzing the past
performance of these students will give a better
understanding. It should change their future results.
This can be done well using the concept of predictive
analytic and performance analytics. Predictive analytics
includes various statistical techniques from modeling,
machine learning, and data mining to analyze current
and past data to predict the future.
In the prediction methods, the main process is collecting
data. Here the data collected from different educational
institutes will include students’ information and split the
data into sample data and test data. The predictive model
is developed with sample data with the help of statistical
methods, and apply the model to test data to predict the
result.
.
Fig 2. Steps for Prediction
Advantages of proposed system
 The time complexity of the system is reduced.
 It supports for big data. So it will be applicable in
several real applications. It also supports the online
data.
 The classification accuracy is increased even for big
data.
 Support redundant data.
 Low computational complexity comparing with the
existing work
 The system efficiency is improved.
a) K-mean Algorithm Based on MapReduce
MongoDB store the input dataset as sequence files of
<key, value> pair, their included all files denote a record
in the given input dataset. The key is the starting point
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

of the data and value is the string content. Mapping is
independent for each input key, reduce step is parallel
for each input key. Here array has the clusters center
point and their information. Here the mapper function
will compute all clusters nearest center point from the
dataset.
The final stage of the project is visualization. Here the
visualization is done with Robomongo software. We can
view the analysis of student results and their
performance on table formats and graphs, those steps are
in the form of human-readable format.

Algorithm MAP (key, value) II. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Input: key and array of the value Fig 3 shows sample dataset, using for building the
Output: <key, value> pair predictive model. The sample dataset contains
information about student’s name (f name), students
1. Introducing one array record.(sample in the array); district, gender and mark for six subjects and result.
2. Counter=0;
3. While(v.next()!=NULL) Linear regression algorithms are used to verify the
dependent and independent variable connection in the
{ sample dataset. When the connection will identify, the
Create instance from v.next(); multiple linear regression model is built. When the
Add the value of instance to array; model is created we can apply the data set for the test.
Counter+=num; Here the mark belongs to the respective subjects taken as
} the dependent variables. After finding any relationship
between dependent and independent variable,
4. New counter=enter the array/counter; forecasting model is generated to predict the result for
5. Take key as key; the student as pass or fail.
6. Value as a string comprise of the values(generating
new values);
7. Output is in the form of <key, value>pair;
8. End

b) Algorithm Reduce(Key,V)

Input: key,value,mean counter

Output: <key,value>pair

1. Crete instance from value;

2. Assign mindist as double max.value;
3. Assign index as -1;
4. For each centers in array
do
i.complete distance from center and instance; Fig 3. Sample dataset
ii. if ditance less than mindist
{
Reassign mindist as distance
Reassign index as array index of
centers
}
5. End for
6. Key=index;
7. Build the value as a string ;
8. Output is in the form of <key, value> pair;
9. End

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

Fig6 shown the MapReduce function with the list is

shown as pass. Only pass students list will available on
there and we can also get the list of fail and gender (male
or female) etc. We can also get the results of students
marks in Ascending and descending order. Which will
help the educational institutes for identifying the risk
student and identifying who all getting higher marks in
exams.

Fig 4. Clustered Output.

The cluster output for the sample data set is given above
in the Fig 4, this figure contain six clusters that contain
all sample data sets. The given data set include a large
amount of information, which will separate into different Fig 6.Result of Passed Students(MapReduce)
clusters.
Fig.7 shows the student mark analysis with district wise,
The final forecast results are shown in Fig 5. Test data here the table shows the students come under district
sets are applied in forecast models established using a waynad. and we can also get the students details of other
sample dataset. The predicted result dataset contains district’s using MapReduce.
information about students' name, district, gender, and
result. The MapReduce function used to process the
given data set. Mainly map-reducing function focus on
the sorting, the students by the first name into queues,
filtering and sorting function will do in map () function.
And the Reduce () function will count the number of
students in each queue, it is called as summary
operation. It will manage communication around the
data and transfer between various part of the systems.

Fig 7. Student Mark Analysis With District Wise.

Fig 5.Predicted Result.

Fig 8.District Wise Mark Analysis on Bar chart.
MapReduce function also handles the data analysis. Here Above bar chart showing the district wise student
the student mark and result will show in the figures. performance analysis. The X-axis is document name

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
(district) and Y-axis is no of student pass the exams.
Using MapReduce technique, we can get the district
wise data. That will represent the above bar chart.
3. Conclusion
Here we propose a method "learning analytics and
predictive analytics" to recognize students getting the
poor mark in exams and predict what students will learn
from the class. This analysis model will help teachers
identify how or to what extent their students perform
differently so that teachers can choose appropriate
teaching and pedagogical interventions to improve their
teaching strategy. It also helps teachers to analyse the
student success and failure, who are getting the higher
mark in the exam also is available here. This study will
help to improve the student's academic performance and
identify poor students and give some special attention to
improve their marks and minimize the percentage of the
failure ratio in the exams. The details of students
include their personal details and marks. the MapReduce
technique will help in sorting and ordering the student
data in the dataset.
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