INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR N6: - EL CARMEN -

The Articles: The word a / an, and the are generally called articles, a / an is the INDEFINITE ARTICLE: invariable for gender and number; the is the DEFINITE ARTICLE: invariable for gender but it is not use whit plural nouns. The article a is used: Before a word beginning with a consonant sound, e.g. a: a day, a boy, a train. Before an h consonant when the phonetic stress falls in the first syllable of the word, e.g. an h consonant: a hat (/ , a horror film, a holy war. (words with a phonetic stress in the first syllable). In word when the first sound is not a vowel sound but a consonant one, e.g. a C. S.: a European, a University, a useful book. (words that begin with a consonant sound) The article an is used: Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, e.g. an: an apple, an open book, an angry child. Before an h consonant when the phonetic stress does not fall in the first syllable of the word, e.g. an h consonant: an hour, an honest man, an honorable act. (words without a phonetic stress in the first syllable). The article the is used: When followed by a consonant sound. it pronounced [], e.g. the: the boy, the cat, the teacher. When followed by a vowel sound, it pronounced [i], e.g. the: the apple, the ear, the heiress.
GRAMATICA INGLES 1 PROF. GLADYS ELENA SORAIRE. AO 2011

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR N6: - EL CARMEN -

When the is specially emphasized, it pronounced [i:] In print it would appear in italics, e.g. I was told you were MR. Crosby; are you the Mr. Crosby? He was one of the first person, if not the first person to drive a car. I am never at a loss a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word. The indefinite article: A singular subject takes singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb, e.g. S. S. S. V.: The boy is here. P. S. P. V.: The boys are here. Collective noun in the singular considered as a whole group and takes a singular verb, e.g. C. N. S. V.: The family is a very happy one. The football team is playing well. If the collective nouns ARE thought in the parts of the members takes a plural verb, e.g. C. N. P.V.: The family are very pleased for the news. Nouns people, public, folk, youth, police, clergy and cattle are considered plural nouns that appear to be singular but must be followed by a plural verb, e.g. P. N. P.V.: People are silly. Public are feed up whit governments excuses. Folk do things like that. The youth of today are less interested in respect. The police are on their way. The clergy are forever complaining of peoples tithe. The cattle were in the barn.
GRAMATICA INGLES 1 PROF. GLADYS ELENA SORAIRE. AO 2011

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR N6: - EL CARMEN -

Two or more singular subject joined by AND takes plural verbs, e.g. 2 or + S., AND P.V.: The mother and her son are here. The boy and his dog are playing. But these two subjects are considered as one and take a singular verb (when this two thinks are a mixing of both and form a new thing), e.g. 2S, AND S.V.: Bread and butter is served as breakfasts. Whisky and soda is his favorite drink. The second noun qualifies the first as a part of the phrase. e.g. S. S. + P. S. P. V.: Rudolf with his friends arrives to the party. The girl with his pet is here. In coordinate subject noun phrase where the coordinate is OR or NOR, the last noun phrase determines the person of the verb in accordance with the principle of proximity , e.g. OR, NOR S. V.: Neither Rose nor Robert likes his way of living. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the Answer. Either my wife or I am going. The distributives take a singular verb and a singular possessive adjective (Everyone is singular although it refer to several people), e.g. D S.V.: Everyone studies grammar a lot. Every boy in the class is present. Each of the girls has gained a prize. Everyone is doing his best effort. NONE may take a singular verb or a plural verb. NONE S.V.: None of us is perfect. NONE P.V.: None of the children in this class are bored with
GRAMATICA INGLES 1 PROF. GLADYS ELENA SORAIRE. AO 2011

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR N6: - EL CARMEN -

lesson. The verb agrees with the PRONOUN IT in identifying or emphatic sentences, e.g. IT Verb: Who broke the windows? It was Henry and William. It is they who are wrong. If the formal subject THERE is used, the verb agrees with the real subject, e.g. THERE R. S.: There is a cherry tree in my garden. There are cherry trees in my garden.

Concord: In addition to number concord, there is concord of person in the present tense: I am your friend. (1st. person singular concord) He is your friend. / He knows you. (3rd person singular concord) In the past tense only the verb be has distinction of person: I was your friend. (1st person singular concord). You where my friend. (2nd person singular concord). He was your friend. (3rd person singular concord). Subject - complement and object complement concord: There is an unusually concord of number between subject, subject complement and between direct object and indirect object complement. My child is an angel. (I consider my child an angel). My children are angels. (I consider my children Angels). Pronouns and determiners reference:
GRAMATICA INGLES 1 PROF. GLADYS ELENA SORAIRE. AO 2011

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR N6: - EL CARMEN -

The agreement between a pronoun or determiner and its antecedents is co reference rather than grammatical concord, but is convenient to treat the phenomenon here. A reflexive pronoun must agree with its antecedents in number, person or gender: He injured himself in both legs. Shes making a susiater for himself. I wrote to them about myself. Personal pronouns and possessive determiners in the 1 st and rd 3 person singular also agree with their antecedent in gen.: Tom hurt his foot. Beatrice knows that she is late. Thee book are too heavy, so I left them.

_____________ Moyano Alberti, Fabiola.

_____________ Klvemark, Andreas.

_____________ Gomez, Jonatan Cristian.

GRAMATICA INGLES 1 PROF. GLADYS ELENA SORAIRE. AO 2011

INSTITUTO DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR N6: - EL CARMEN -

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GRAMATICA INGLES 1 PROF. GLADYS ELENA SORAIRE. AO 2011