CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1. Background Gastroinstestinal digestive system or the system (starting from the mouth to the anus) is the organ in the human system that serves to receive the food, digest into nutrients and energy, absorb nutrients into the blood stream and dispose of food that can not be digested or the remaining process of the body.

Digestive tract consists of mouth, throat (pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and anus. Digestive system includes the organs that are located outside the digestive tract, the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

2. The purpose Papers 1) General Purpose After attending this seminar students are expected to understand the anatomy of physiology of the digestive system. 2) Special Purpose a. After attending this seminar, students are expected to be able to understand the ins and outs on Adolescent Pregnancy. b. After attending this seminar, students are expected to be able to understand the etiology Pregnancy in Adolescents.

CHAPTER II contents

A. Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System 1. DEFINITIONS Gastroinstestinal digestive system or the system (starting from the mouth to the anus) is the organ in the human system that serves to receive the food, digest into nutrients and energy, absorb nutrients into the blood stream and dispose of food that can not be digested or the remaining process of the body. throat (pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and anus. Digestive system includes the organs that are located outside the digestive tract, the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

1) Anatomical structure of the Digestive Tract a. GI tract Os. Pharyx, esophageal, gastric, intestinum minor, major intestinum, sigmoid, rectum, and anus. 9 meter length of the digestive tract. b. Organ Accessories Lips, teeth, cheeks, tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, vesica fellea (gall bladder), and Appendix.

A. mouth Cavity which is tied externally by the lips and cheeks, and leads into the pharynx,, the top in the form of the hard palate, mole, and two thirds of the anterior base of the tongue fills the mouth. The mouth is usually located in the head and generally is the beginning of a complete digestive system that ends at the anus. The mouth is the entrance to the digestive system. The inside of the mouth covered by mucous membrane. Taste perceived by the sensory organs located on the surface of the tongue. Taste is relatively simple, consisting of sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Perceived by the olfactory nerves in the nasal olfactory and more complicated, consisting of a wide range of odors. Food is cut into pieces by the front teeth (incisors) and in chewing the back teeth (molars, molars), into small pieces that are easier to digest. Saliva from the salivary glands going to wrap portions of food with digestive enzymes and begin to digest it. Saliva also contains antibodies and enzymes (eg lysozyme), which break down proteins and attack the bacteria directly. Swallowing process begins consciously and on automatically

B. Throat (Pharynx) A liaison between the oral cavity and esophagus. Derived from the Greek Pharynk. Schemes across the mouth, nose, pharynx, and larynx. In the pharyngeal arches are tonsils (tonsillectomy) is a lot of lymph glands contain lymphocytes and is a defense against infection, here lies between the airway and the intersecting street food, is located behind the oral cavity and nasal cavity, in front of the vertebrae. Onto the front associated with the nasal cavity, by means of holes named koana, circumstances related to the oral pharynx by means of holes called ismus fausium. Consists of the pharynx; section superior = very high with the nose, the media, the same height as the mouth and the inferior = the level with the larynx.

Superior part called the nasopharynx, boils down to nasopharyngeal tube that connects the pharynx to the ear drum room, media section called the oropharynx, the part is bounded forward to the inferior part of the tongue diakar gofaring that connects the larynx called the oropharynx to the larynx