DATA PROCESING

In processing, a data processing system is a system which processes data which has been captured and encoded in a format recognizable by the data processing system or has been created and stored by another unit of an information processing system. A data entry is a specialized component or form of an information processing (sub)system. Its chief difference is that it tends to perform a dedicated function (i.e., its program is not readily changeable). Its dedicated function is normally to perform some (intermediate) step of converting input ('raw' or unprocessed) data, or semi-processed information, in one form into a further or final form of information through a process called decoding / encoding or formatting or re-formatting or translation or data conversion before the information can be output from the data processor to a further step in the information processing system.

TYPES OF DATA PROCESING SYSTEM

REAL TIME PROCESSING SYSTEM For some tasks a computer must process information to meet some real world time deadline. The time deadline must be met regardless of how much work the computer has to do. Usually real time computer systems are required to process information very quickly. Most real time systems appear to process data instantly. EXAMPLE Burglar alarm, ovens, microwaves, airplane tickets, game cosole, simulation, air conditioner.
Usually includes all applications in which user interface is required and an immediate response is given. Its like father and child relationship.. the child got some properties from his father like physically.. but personally he possess his own properties. Or we may also say a vehicle to machine.vehicle...

BATCH PROCESSING SYSTEM

Using batch processing input data is grouped together into batches. No data is processed until a complete batch has been put together. Then all the data in a batch is processed in one go. There may be a long time delay between data being input into the system and the data being processed. In this type of system the important data that the computer stores all the time is kept in a file called the master file. The data in the master file is sorted into order using one of the fields in the records in the file, known as the primary key field. The primary key field must uniquely identify each record in the file. EXAMPLE
An example of batch processing is the way that credit card companies process billing. The customer does not receive a bill for each separate credit card purchase but one monthly bill for all of that month's purchases. The bill is created through batch processing, where all of the data are collected and held until the bill is processed as a batch at the end of the billing cycle.

TIME SHARING SYSTEM

Time-sharing was developed out of the realization that while any single user was inefficient, a large group of users together were not. This was due to the pattern of interaction; in most cases users entered bursts of information followed by long pause, but a group of users working at the same time would mean that the pauses of one user would be used up by the activity of the others. Given an optimal group size, the overall process could be very efficient. Similarly, small slices of time spent waiting for disk, tape, or network input could be granted to other users.

EXAMPLE
A special case of multiprogramming in which users access the computer through terminals, typically the devices with keyboards and screens. Dozens of users share the computer at once. The computer actually does not run them all simultaneously but it runs a small portion of ones user's job then moves the service to the next user providing service to each user several times and then it appears that is is actually doing all its actions at one time but it's not. After all the requests are done they all get responses about the same time.

ON LINE PROCESSING The on-line data processing provides interactive computations. Whenever transactions or input data as it enters the system gets processed immediately. There are no provision to wait for some other data to come in or to collect data over a period of time and submit at a time in case of Batch Processing. EXAMPLE

Airline reservation, Bus reservation, Railway reservation. The passengers making reservation would like to know immediately whether the seat is available or not. As on-line computerized bus reservation counter accepts from the passengers the data of journey, time of journey, bus number, route number, distinction, class of travel, number of seats required etc.

MULTI TASKING PROCESS

In computing, multitasking is a method where multiple tasks, also known as processes, share common processing resources such as a CPU. In the case of a computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point in time, meaning that the CPU is actively executing instructions for that task. Multitasking solves the problem by scheduling which task may be the one running at any given time, and when another waiting task gets a turn.

EXAMPLE
walking and eating a ice cream cone is multitasking. if your doing more than one thing at the same time then its called multitasking.

MULTIPROCESSING Multiprocessing operating system is one that can run on computer systems that contain more than one processor. Windows NT is a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)system, meaning that it assumes that all of the processors are equal and that they all have access to the same physical memory. Therefore, Windows NT can run any thread on any available processor regardless of what process, user or Executive, owns the thread. There are also asymmetric multiprocessing (ASMP) systems in which processors are different from each other--they may address different physical memory spaces, or they may have other differences. These operating systems only run certain processes on certain processors--for instance, the kernel might always execute on a particular processor.

MANUAL DATA PROCESSING Electronic data processing is done on computer its quite simple. effective and consumes less amount of pages and filing as the data can be stored in computer memory. where as on manual data processing it's done with pen and paper with traditional data processing method's its tough and complicating as it consumes more pages and filling it makes the data processing work more tedious and tiresome !