DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

Phn I V mch in t bng orCad I, Lm quen vi chng trnh: - Orcad l dng sn phm ng dng ca hng Cadence(Portlan), thit k nh s tr gip ca my tnh(CAD-Computer -Aided- Design), ging nh cc chng trnh khc nh Autocad, Autodesk, Workbend, Protel, Circuit Maker... - Website : www.orcad.com - H tr khch hng trc tuyn: www.orcad.com/technical - H tr bng Email: www.orcad.com/technical/email_support.asp - Orcad c u im ln so vi cc chng trnh v mch khc nh Protel, cicuirt l chng trnh chy nhanh, d dng to linh kin mi nn rt ph hp vi cc quc gia khc nhau, cc trnh lm vic khc nhau, chng trnh chy mch in nhanh. - H chng trnh orcad bao gm 3 phn chnh: 1.Capture: v mch 2. Layout: V mch in 3. PSpice: M phng II. V mch - M chng trnh nh hnh v sau: Start/Programs/ v chn n chng trnh Capture.(Thut ng ny khng c t thun Vit n c ngha l"Sao chp v ghp ni cc phn t c mt thnh phn thng nht v lu chng di dng mt file" )

GTVT

- Mn hnh lm vic c ch ra nh hnh sau:

DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Ca s lm vic ca chng trnh cng ging nh mt ng dng bt k no ca Windows no m bn bit, c cc menu la chn nh File, Edit, Windows, Help. Chng khng c g c bit chc nng ging nh cc chng trnh Word hay Exel m bn bit. Duy ch c cc menu sau l chng ta cn quan tm: Place, Macro, v Option - bt u mt bn v bn vo File/ New/ Project. Sau l n tit mc la chn kiu thc hin v tn ca bn v.

Cc nt radio trn m bn thy chnh l cc la chn m phn mm cho php:-Analog or Mixed A/D: ni Bn v ch thun l tng t hay kt hp c vi mch bin i tng t s. -PC Board Wizard(v theo ch dn)
GTVT 3

-Schematic: theo kiu gin , tu bn(thng thng ta hay chn kiu ny) - Bc tip theo ta thy ca s lm vic nh hnh v

Ni thm v Project, y l t c dng ph bin hin nay ging nh Project trong bo cao cng vic ca bn, hay Project ca lp trnh,.... D n(Project), bao gm vn chnh v cc vn c lin quan. Nh bn nhn thy trn hnh Project ca ta gm: Design Resources, Outputs v Referenced Projects, ta s lm r cc ny phn sau. - bt u qu trnh v bn kch vo PAGE1 hin ra trang trng v bt u qu trnh v. Thit lp cc thng s cho bn v: - Kh giy: Ta c cc kh A0, A1, A2, A3, A4. Qu trnh chn nh sau: T menu chnh ca chng trnh chn Option/Design Template/ chn Page Size, chn n v h met bng cch nhn vo nt Option Milimeters t y bn c th
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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

chn cc loi kh giy theo tiu chun huc c th chn kh tu nt Custom

- Tip theo chn khong cch gia cc chn nt Pinto-Pin Spacing(thng thng ta chn gi tr chun ngm nh l 2,54mm) - Ghi cc thng tin ca bn v: ko mn hnh v di cng bn phi khung ghi cc khung tn hin ra:

GTVT

- Mc Title(tn bn v ), nhn chut vo dng ny, ch chuyn sang mu , sau kch chut phi chn Edit Properies, g tn bn v trong Value, ta c th chn font ch khi nhn nt Change: - Document Number: s bn - Rev : th t bn v - Date: ngy thng nm v, ngm nh l thi gian ca PC bn ang dng, mun sa cng lm tng t nh trn. - Ngoi ra tu tng yu cu m bn c th v thm khung v ghi thm cc dng ch khung tn, bng cch chn i tng v ng thng v chn Place/ Text Cch thc hin to mu bn v chun:
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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Chn v gc di bn v chn v xo khung tn mc nh: - Tin hnh v khung tn chun s dng cc i tng v hnh vung, ng thng v ch (text) trn thanh cng c.

Ti hnh v trang sau ny s tin hnh lm quen vi cc chc nng cn thit ca chng trnh. Bn trn l cc menu la chn, bn phi l cc chc nng cn thit cho v mch, hiu thm v chng ta c th t tin hnh kch vo v thc hin th, lm mt s ln l c th hiu v quen thao tc c

GTVT

Cc phn chn lin kt chi tit

- la chn linh kin bn chn Place/Part huc nhn Shift + P

DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Chng trnh s dn bn n cc th vin thit b

Tn thit b

Hnh dng

Cch b tr linh kin ca Orcad l thnh cc nhm nh bn thy ti mc Libraries: nh Trasistor, Connector(cc
GTVT 9

thnh phn kt ni), Arithmetic(thut ton)..... Khng phi lc no tt c cc th vin u hin ht ln ca s, bn c th b xung n bng cch nhn vo nt Add Library/ v chn thm bt k th vin no(theo ng dn) v d nh ti chn Counter.olb

Ta s c thm th vin c hin ln nh sau, trong qu trnh v nu thiu bt k th vin no bn cng c th tin hnh tng t tm ra chng theo cc thao tc nh trn.

phn va chn

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Nu khng bit linh kin thuc th vin no bn c th nhn vo mc Part Search, y ti chn 74LS90, sau nhn Begin Search
G tn linh kin cn tm

Ni tm

- Tin hnh b tr linh kin ti v tr sao cho hp l, kch chut phi kt thc, y ti v mt mch m xung dng 1LED 7 vch cho nn cn IC 74LS90, 74LS47, 74LS75, mt Jumer ni n ngun cung cp.

- Sau khi la chn linh kin ta tin hnh ni mch

GTVT

11

- Vi chng trnh Orcad thng ngm nh chn ngun v chn t cho nn ta s khng thy hin ln mn hnh, bn c th v theo ch ngm nh, nu khng thun tin ta c th lm xut hin cc chn theo qu trnh nh sau: 1. Kch chut phi vo linh kin cn bin i, chn EditPart

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

Bn thy hai u trn bn trn v bn di, kch chut phi vo vng trn bn trn chn Properties

- Bng c tnh chn: Name l tn ca chn y l chn cp ngun Vcc, Number: s th t ca chn , y l chn s 5, Shape: hnh dng ca chn, y l loi chn c di bng khng, Type kiu chn y l chn cp ngun. Bn mun cho hin th chn ny hy nhn vo Pin Visible, v chn Line Shape, sau nhn OK. Tip tc nh vy vi cc chn cn li, v cc linh kin khc.
GTVT 13

 chn

Cng vi cc thao tc kch chut phi v chn Edit Part bn cng c th t li v tr chn cho cc linh kin, dng trng hp ny cho cc mch phc tp cn phi chuyn v tr chn cho d ni dng in.

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Cc chc nng gip cho qu trnh ni mch nh hnh v sau:

(Shift+W)Dng u ni cc chn linh kin theo dng ng mch n(ng mch n l ng mch ging nh chng ta hay v v ghi chp). (Shift+B)Dng kt hp nhiu ng mch vi nhau, gi l ng BUS
ng BUS

Nh bn thy trn hnh v hai IC8051 v 82C82 c cc chn tng ng t 32-39 ni vo 8-1 v ni n mt ng mch khc ta dng 1 ng BUS s lm cho hnh gn gng hn nhiu. (Shift+J)im ni, bn kch vo y l di chuyn n im ni gia hai im(nhng ng ct ngang nhng khng ni th ta khng s dng im ny nu khng chng trnh s bo li). (Shift+E)Dng to phn t ca ng BUS, v d nh hnh sau mt ng BUS c 5 phn t ni vo, u tin bn chn ng BUS v sau v cc phn t.

GTVT

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(Shift+X)Dng ngt cc kt ni, khi cc chn linh kin khng s dng n bn chc chc nng ny v di chuyn n chn chn chc nng khng dng khi chng trnh mi khng bo li

Hnh trn bn thy chn s 17 khng dng n ta ch th bng du ngch cho ch th khng ni. Bn cnh chng trnh cn c cch chc nng cho php v hnh vung, trn, ng thng, to cc logo ring.....

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

-Kt thc qa trnh ni dy ta c bn v nh sau: -Vic b tr linh kin nhiu trn mt bn v l rt kh khn do vy chng trnh cho php trong mt d n bn c th thc hin nhiu bn v khc nhau, chng hn nh v d ny chng ta cha c ngun nn dng cp cho b m ta s v n bn v s 2. - Qu trnh thc hin: thu nh ca s ang lm vic li. cho hin ln ca s Project, kch chut phi vo SCHEMATIC, chn New Page. Chng trnh ngm nh trang tip l trang s 2, nu khng thay tn bn c th nhn OK . Mt ca s lm vic trng sut hin bn thc hin v nh qu trnh bnh thng

GTVT

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Kt qu ta c mch ngun tuyn tnh nh sau

li gii thch

- Thng thng thun tin cho qu trnh thit k, qu trnh lm mch in v qu trnh lp gip th bn nn ghi cc li gii thch trn mch. Chng hn nh mch ngun ta dung hai u ni(Jumper), mt n ngun 220VAC th ta c mt dong ghi ch l "n 220VAC", v mt Jumper n b m ta cng ghi l "n b m trang 1". Thc hin chc nng ny chn Place/Text huc nhn Shift+T Cch in bn v : 1. Thit lp my in: - Chn File/ Print Setup:
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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Cc thng s thit lp nh thit lp my in bt k trn Windows:

2. Qa trnh in
GTVT 19

Chn t l

- Sau khi thc hin vic thit lp thng s cho my in(chn my in, kh giy,...) - Trc khi in chon ch xem trc khi in:

Chn lch

S bn in Chn in en trng hay mu

Cc chc nng khc khng c g c bit ch c chc nng chnh lch, tu s la chn ca bn sao cho hp l, thng thng cho tin ng ta chn lch ca trc X l 0,6. Sau chn OK.

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

Ch n in n u ch p nh n

Phn g to thu nh

Chn chc nng nyKhn g Chp nhn

GTVT

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Phn II V Mch In

Qa trnh chuyn t mch nguyn l sang mch in: - Ti bn v lu bn v ra file: .mnl(To cc lin kt gia cc thit b vi nhau). - M chng trnh Layout Plus. - Chn New(V bn mch chnh). -

-Chng trnh s tiv(Load) mt mu kch thc, nu chn DEFAULT tc l ta chn kch thc ngm nh cho mch in(thng thng ta chn lun v cha bit kch thc mch in) - Tip theo chng trnh s ti file : .mnl m bn lu trn, giai on ny bn ch vic chn ng ng dn n n l c. -Tip theo chng trnh s lu file mch in vi ui: .max, bn c th chn th mc ngm nh huc th mc khc. - Chng trnh s t ng cp nht cc chn mch in, theo cc thng s ca bn v nguyn l:
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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Nu nh thnh phn no cha c chn hn th chng trnh s yu cu bn chn, khi ta kch vo nt mi tn nh hnh v(Link existing......). - Sau khi hon tt bn c c mt hnh b tr linh kin dng nh hnh v:

- T bc ny tu theo t duy v kinh nghim m bn s ch to c mch in c hay khng c dy cu, v nhanh hay chm. - cho tin quan st ta n cc dy ni bng vic nhn vo nt Reconnect
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GTVT

- Tip theo di chuyn cc linh kin (vic ny c th bn phi lp i lp li nu mch in v lu v nhiu dy cu). -Chn s lp cho mch in nh sau:

- Chn lp nh sau, bn kch chut vo cc lp khng mun v

- Thng ti VN ta ch dng mt lp. Kch chut phi chn Properies, v xo b

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Sau thu mn hnh hin ti v chn Obstacle Tool:

chn khung mch in cn v, bn s v mt hnh vung c cc linh kin nm bn trong. -Sau chn Auto/ Autoroute/Board chng trnh bt u thc hin v

- Tu theo bn m bn c th c ngay mch in v cng c th mt hng gi. - Nu nh mch in cha tho mn theo yu cu th bn c th b tr li cc linh kin: + Chn nt Refresh All.

Khi tt c cc dy ni linh kin s c xo b v bn c th t li v tr ca linh kin sau cho lp l hn. V li tin hnh lp li cho n khi tho mn yu cu ra.
GTVT 25

- Ch trong qu trnh thit k khng phi lc no bn cng chn c footprint tho mn, v c th trong th vin ca n khng c, khi chng ta c th chn mt thit b no c footprint ln hn huc bng ci chng ta ang cn huc l bn c th chn nt nhn Cancel. Sau khi qu trnh chn chn hon tt ta s tin hnh sa cha b sung sau. - thc hin c vic sa cha hay b sung bn kch chut phi vo linh kin (linh kin s i mu), chn Properties

-Chn Footprint

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Tip theo bn s chn footprint thch hp. Cch in bn mch in, - Tu theo s lp m bn chn cch in khc nhau: + Vo Option/ Post Process Settings

+Kch chut vo lp no m bn mun in(VN thng thng thc hin 2 lp s d hn cho nn thng ch c lp TOP v BOTTOM)

GTVT

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Bn chn sao cho tt c cc cn li chuyn mu en nh hnh trn, sau kch chut phi chn Preview/ thu nh ca s Post Process +Vo File chn Print/Plot

Chc nng ny chn th cc l mch in s m In m bn(sn xut mch th phi in m bn)

Thng thng chn cc chc nng nh hnh, nu mun xut file sang chng trnh khc nh Autocad th bn chonk DXF, v file c xut s cng th mc vi file ny. Ta chn Mirror sn xut mch, b chc nng ny in mch ra c, khi in Mirror bn dng giy Can huc bng knh.

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

III. Xy dng th vin thit k ring Trong qu trnh thit k khng phi lc no bn cng c c loi linh kin ng theo yu cu c mch nguyn l v mch in. Nht l ti nc ta cc linh kin in t hu nh khng r rng. Qu trnh to lnh kin mi nh sau: 1. To linh kin mi: - Chng trnh v mch orcad Capture

- Chn New/Library

GTVT

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- Tip theo bn chn cc thng s ca thit b nh to mi: Mc name: bn g tn thit b cn lm chng hn: Chi_Thi_Kim . PCB Footprint chn l 2(v c 2 chn).

-Mn hnh sut hin mt mu hnh trc, trn thanh cng c v bn co th chn la cc cng c v hnh pha
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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

phi(vung, trn, elip, ng thng, a ng, cc k t theo chun IEEE), to thnh hnh cn v. - Kt thc bn ng ca s lm vic nhng nh l phi lu bn v ti th vin no . - Khi s dng bn ch vic gi tn thit b mc Place/Part 2. To chn mch in mi: - Chy chng trnh Layout Plus - Vo mn hnh lm vic bt k chn File/Library Maneger

- Mn hnh lm vic sut hin nh hnh:

GTVT

31

- Tip theo bn chn tn ca footprint v h n v chun

- Chn mch in ca linh kin thc cht l ccl(hole) hn linh kin, kch chut phi v chn New. y Ch th kim c hai chn cm nn ti chn l 2, khi thit k bn phi ch n khong cch gia cc chn sau cho ng

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DTTBMKTDT

V v thit k mch in bng Orcad

- Kt thc bn ng ca s lm vic v chn th mc lu chn linh kin va to. Cng vi cc thao tc nh trn bn c th to th vin ring cho mnh

GTVT

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