‫‪Alsafeer Note‬‬

‫‪Calculus C‬‬
‫‪First Past Exams‬‬

‫ال نحلل أي مدرس يستخدم املذكرة دون أذن صاحبها وللطالب حرية أستخدامها‬
 ‫‪ /١‬سؤال عن املجال مع الرسم ) أحيانا ً يجيبون املدى ( ‪ ،‬سكشن ‪14.1‬‬

‫‪ /٢‬سؤال عن الليمت ) احيانا ً يحطون السؤال له عالقة بالليمت مثل االتصال ( سكشن ‪14.2‬‬

‫‪ /٣‬سؤال عن ‪ linearization‬او معادلة ‪ tangent plane‬سواء الحالة الخاصة او‬

‫العامةسكشن ‪ 14.4‬او ‪14.6‬‬

‫‪ /٤‬سؤال عن ‪ chain rule‬سكشن ‪14.5‬‬

‫‪ /٥‬سؤال عن ‪ directional derivative‬و نظرياته سكشن ‪14.6‬‬

‫‪ /٦‬سؤالني من املواضيع التالية‬

‫• • درس ‪local extreme and saddle points‬‬
‫• • درس الغرانج‬
‫• • درس ‪ absolute extreme‬سكشن ‪14.7‬‬

‫‪ /٧‬سؤال متغير وغالبا ً يكون واحد من املواضيع التالية‬

‫• • درس اشتقاق ضمني‬
‫• • تعريف املشتقة سكشن ‪14.3‬‬
‫• • اشتقاق عادي ) ليس ‪ ( chain rule‬سكشن ‪14.3‬‬
‫• • سؤال عن شروط ‪ differentiable‬سكشن ‪14.4‬‬
‫• • املستويات املتوازية واملتعامدة سكشن ‪14.6‬‬
‫• • معادالت ‪ normal line‬سكشن ‪14.6‬‬
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 Kuwait University
Department of Mathematics
MATH 211: Calculus 3
Spring 2021–22 • First Midterm Exam • 20 April 2022

sin(xy)
Q1. [10 pts] Find and sketch the domain of the function f (x, y) = ! .
x2 → y

(x + 2y)2
Q2. [15 pts] Use the two-path rule to show that lim does not exist.
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

!
Q3. [15 pts] Let w = f (x, y) where x = s2 + t2 and y = st. Given that f is differentiable with
∂w ∂w
fx (5, 12) = →2 and fy (5, 12) = 3, find and when (s, t) = (3, 4).
∂s ∂t
xy
Q4. [15 pts] Find an equation for the tangent plane to the surface xz 2 + √ + xy 2 = 21 at the
z
point P (3, 2, 1).

ex(y−1)
Q5. [15 pts] Let f (x, y) = .
x + 2y
(a) Find the linearization of f at P (2, 1).
(b) Find the directional derivative of f at P (2, 1) in the direction from P toward the origin.

Q6. [15 pts] Find the four critical points of f (x, y) = 3xy → x2 y → xy 2 and classify them as local
maximum, local minimum, or saddle points.

Q7. [15 pts] Use the Method of Lagrange Multipliers to find the point on the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 1
that is closest to the point P (2, →2, 1).
 Solutions

x, y) | x2 → y > 0 is the region below the parabola y = x2 , shaded below.

"# $
Q1. Df =

y = x2

Df

x2
Q2. Restricted to the x-axis, the given limit becomes L1 = lim = 1.
x→0 x2
4y 2
On the other hand, restricted to the y-axis it becomes L2 = lim 2 = 4.
y→0 y
Since L1 #= L2 , the given limit does not exist.

Q3. When (s, t) = (3, 4) we obtain x = 5 and y = 12. By the Chain Rule,
%
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y s ∂w %% 3 54
= + =√ f x + t fy ⇒ = fx (5, 12) + 4fy (5, 12) = ,
∂s ∂x ∂s ∂y ∂s s 2 + t2 ∂s %s = 3 5 5
t=4

and
%
∂w ∂w ∂x ∂w ∂y t ∂w %% 4 37
= + =√ f x + s fy ⇒ = fx (5, 12) + 3fy (5, 12) = .
∂t ∂x ∂t ∂y ∂t s + t2
2 ∂t s = 3 5
% 5
t=4

xy
Q4. Let F (x, y, z) = xz 2 + √ + xy 2 . Then
z
& ' & '
2 y 2 x ( xy )
∇F = z + √ + y i + √ + 2xy j + 2xz → 3/2 k ⇒ ∇F (3, 2, 1) = &7, 15, 3'.
z z 2z

Hence an equation for the wanted tangent plane is

7(x → 3) + 15(y → 2) + 3(z → 1) = 0 ⇒ 7x + 15y + 3z = 54.

1 (y → 1)(x + 2y)ex(y−1) → ex(y−1) 1

Q5. (a) We have f (2, 1) = 4, fx = ⇒ fx (2, 1) = → 16 , and
(x + 2y)2
x(x + 2y)ex(y−1) → 2ex(y−1)
fy = ⇒ fy (2, 1) = 38 . Thus the desired linearization is
(x + 2y)2
1 1 3 x 3y
L(x, y) = → (x → 2) + (y → 1) = → + .
4 16 8 16 8
1 3
(b) By calculations of part (a), ∇f (2, 1) = → i + j. On the other hand, the unit vector is
→→→16 8
PO 1
the direction from P to the origin is →→→ = √ &→2, →1'. Hence
⇒P O⇒ 5
√
1 5
Du f (2, 1) = ∇f (2, 1) · u = → √ = → .
4 5 20
Q6. The partial derivatives fx = 3y → 2xy → y 2 and fy = 3x → x2 → 2xy are defined everywhere. Hence
the critical points of f are solutions of the system fx = fy = 0. The equation fx = 0 implies
y(3 → 2x → y) = 0, and in turn, y = 0 or 3 → 2x → y = 0. We solve the equation fy = 0 in either
case:

y = 0 ⇒ 3x → x2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0, 3. This gives the critical points (0, 0) and (3, 0).

3 → 2x → y = 0 ⇒ y = 3 → 2x ⇒ 3x → x2 → 2x(3 → 2x) = 0 ⇒ → 3x + 3x2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0, 1.
Since y = 3 → 2x, this gives the critical points (0, 3) and (1, 1).

To classify the critical points we use the discreminant

# *2
D = fxx fyy → fxy = 4xy → (3 → 2x → 2y)2 .

Since D(0, 0) = D(3, 0) = D(0, 3) = →9 < 0, the critical points (0, 0), (0, 3), and (3, 0)
correspond to saddle points of f . On the other hand, D(1, 1) = 3 > 0 and fxx (1, 1) = →2 < 0,
hence the critical point (1, 1) corresponds to a local maximum of f .

Q7. Let d denote the distance between P and an arbitary point (x, y, z). We minimize f (x, y, z) =
d2 = (x → 2)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z → 1)2 on the given sphere. Let g(x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 . By the
Method of Lagrange Multipliers, the desired minimum occurs at a point on the sphere g = 1
where ∇f = λ∇g. That is, at a solution of the system
 

 2(x → 2) = λ · 2x 
 (λ → 1)x = →2

2(y + 2) = λ · 2y

(λ → 1)y = 2 →2 2 →1
⇒ ⇒ x= , y= , z= ,
 2(z → 1) = λ · 2z  (λ → 1)z = →1 λ→1 λ→1 λ→1
 2
x + y2 + z2 = 1 x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1
 

⇒ x = 2z, y = →2z.

Together with the equation of the sphere these give 4z 2 + 4z 2 + z 2 = 1 ⇒ z = ± 31 . So the

system has the solutions ±( 23 , → 32 , 13 ). Now since f ( 32 , → 23 , 31 ) = 4 and f (→ 23 , 32 , → 13 ) = 16, the
point on the sphere closest to P is ( 23 , → 23 , 31 ).
 Math 211 - First Midterm Exam Solution - Fall, 2023-24

p
y1
1. (10 points) Find and sketch the domain of the function f (x, y) = .
x+y
Answer: The domain of f is

D = {(x, y) 2 R2 : y  1  0 and x + y 6= 0}.

y cos x
2. (10 points) Find the given limit or show it does not exist. lim .
(x,y)!(0,0) |x| + y2

Answer: The limit along the y-axis is

y 1
lim 2
= lim = ±1.
y!0 y y!0 y

Hence the given limit D.N.E., since if it did then the limit along any curve would exist.

3. (10 points) Find the directional derivative of the function f (x, y, z) = x2 y + y 2 z at the
point
P (1, 2, 1) in the direction of the vector v = h2, 1, 2i.
Answer: First we get rf (1, 2, 1):

rf = h2xy, x2 + 2yz, y 2 i ! rf (1, 2, 1) = h4, 5, 4i.

Next we find the unit vector u in the direction of the given vector v:
p
kvk = 22 + (1)2 + 22 = 3. Hence

v 2 1 2
u= =h , , i.
kvk 3 3 3
Thus

Dv f (1, 2, 1) = Du f (1, 2, 1)
2 1 2 8 5 8 11
= rf (1, 2, 1) · u = h4, 5, 4i · h , , i=  + = .
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
 x
4. (10 points) Given the function f (x, y) = . Use linear approximation to estimate
2y
f (1.99, 1.02).
Answer: The simplest point close to the point (1.99, 1.02) is (2, 1). Hence we use the linear
approximation at the point (x0 , y0 ) = (2, 1) :

f (x, y)  f (2, 1) + fx (2, 1)(x  2) + fy (2, 1)(y  1).

1 x
f (2, 1) = 2, fx = ! fx (2, 1) = 1, fy = ! fy (2, 1) = 2. Thus
2y (2  y)2

f (x, y)  2 + 1.(x  2) + 2.(y  1) = x + 2y  2.

Therefore
f (1.99, 1.02)  1.99 + 2(1.02)  2 = 2.03.

5. (10 + 5 = 15 points) Consider the surface S defined by the equation z = 2x2 + y 2 .

(a) Find an equation for the tangent plane to the surface S at the point (1, 2, 6).
Answer: Let f (x, y) = 2x2 + y 2 . Then

f (1, 2) = 6,
fx = 4x ! fx (1, 2) = 4, and
fy = 2y ! fy (1, 2) = 4.
Thus an equation for the tangent plane at the point (1, 2, 6) is

z  6 = 4(x  1) + 4(y  2) ! 4x + 4y  z = 6.

(b) Find an equation for the normal line to the surface S at the point (1, 2, 6).
Answer: From the equation of the tangent plane we get that

a normal vector to the tangent plane at the point (1, 2, 6) is n = h4, 4, 1i.
Hence an equation for the normal line in symmetric form is

x1 y2 z6 x1 y2

= = or = = 6  z.
4 4 1 4 4

Note that a direction vector n for the normal line at the point (1, 2, 6) can also be
obtained by considering the level surface F (x, y, z) = 2x2 + y 2  z = 0.

n = rF (1, 2, 6) = h4, 4, 1i.

6. (15 points) Let z = f (x, y), where x = r2 + s2 and y = 2rs. Assuming that f has
@2z
continuous second order partial derivatives, find .
@r@s
Answer: We use the chain rule,

zs = fx xs + fy ys = fx 2s + fy 2r !

Using the product rule, we get

@2z @
= (fx 2s + fy 2r)
@r@s @r
@ @ @ @
= (fx )2s + fx (2s) + 2r (fy ) + fy (2r)
@r @r @r @r
@ @
= 2s (fx ) + 2r (fy ) + 2fy . (1)
@r @r
@ @
We use the chain rule again to find (fx ) and (fy ) :
@r @r

@ @
(fx ) = fxx xr + fxy yr = fxx 2r + fxy 2s and (fy ) = fyx xr + fyy yr = fyx 2r + fyy 2s.
@r @r

Substituting in (1) and using Clairaut’s Theorem, we get

@2z
= 2s (fxx 2r + fxy 2s) + 2r (fyx 2r + fyy 2s) + 2fy
@r@s
= 4srfxx + 4(s2 + r2 )fxy + 4srfyy + 2fy .

7. (15 points) Find the local maximum and minimum values and saddle point(s) of the
function f (x, y) = x3  3x + 3xy 2 .
Answer: First we find the critical points:
 
fx = 0 3x2  3 + 3y 2 = 0 (1)
! .
fy = 0 6xy = 0 (2)

Eq,(2) gives x = 0 or y = 0. Substituting in Equation (1), we get

If x = 0, then  3 + 3y 2 = 0 ! y = ±1 ! (0, ±1).

If y = 0, then 3x2  3  0 ! x = ±1 ! (±1, 0).

Hence we have four critical points: (0, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0), and (1, 0).

Next we use the second derivative test: fxx = 6x, fxy = 6y, fyy = 6x !

D(x, y) = fxx fyy  [fxy ]2 = 36(x2  y 2 ).

(a, b) D(a, b) fxx (a, b) Conclusion

(0, 1) 36 < 0 Saddle point at (0, 1)
(0, 1) 36 < 0 Saddle point at (0, 1)
(1, 0) 36 > 0 6>0 f (1, 0) = 2 is a loc. min.
(1, 0) 36 > 0 6 < 0 f (1, 0) = 4 is a loc. max.
8. (15 points) Use the method of Lagrange multipliers to find the extreme values of the
function f (x, y) = xy subject to the constraint 4x2 + y 2 = 8.

Answer: Let g(x, y) = 4x2 + y 2 . rf = rg and g(x, y) = 8 !

8 8 2
< y = 8x < y = 8xy (1)
x = 2y ! x2 = 2xy (2)
: :
4x2 + y 2 = 8 4x2 + y 2 = 8 (3)

From Equations (1) and (2) we get

y 2 = 4x2 ! y = ±2x.

Substitute in Equation (3) to get

4x2 + (±2x)2 = 8 ! x = ±1.

Hence we get four critical points

(1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2), and (1, 2).

Next, we evaluate f at each critical point:

f (1, 2) = f (1, 2) = 2 and f (1, 2) = f (1, 2) = 2.

Therefore

Abs. Max = f (1, 2) = f (1, 2) = 2 and Abs. Min. = f (1, 2) = f (1, 2) = 2.