UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE SEDE TULUÁ

ASIGNATURA: CÁLCULO III, 111052M, GRUPO 50, Sem 2019 02

TALLER No 3: Funciones de varias variables

Profesores: Efraín Vásquez Millán

1. Introduction
1. Let f (x, y) = x2 e3xy .

a. Evaluate f (2, 0) b. Find the domain of f c. Find the range of f

√
2. Let f (x, y) = e z−x2 −y 2 .

a. Evaluate f (2, −1, 6) b. Find the domain of f c. Find the range of f

3. Find and sketch the domain of the function.

√ √
a. f (x, y) = x + y y−x2
c. f (x, y) = 1−x2
√
b. f (x, y) = xy d. f (x, y) = 10 − 4x − 5y

4. Match the function with its graph (labeled 1-6).Give reasons for your choices

a. f (x, y) = |x| + |y| 1 e. f (x, y) = (x − y)2

c. f (x, y) =
1 + x2 + y 2
b. f (x, y) = |xy| d. f (x, y) = (x2 − y 2 )2 f. f (x, y) = sin(|x| + |y|)

Figura 1: Figura 2:

1
 Figura 4:
Figura 3:

Figura 5: Figura 6:

5. Draw a contour map of the function showing several level curves.

a. f (x, y) = (y − 2x)2 c. f (x, y) = ey/x

b. f (x, y) = y − ln x d. f (x, y) = yex

6. Find the limit, if it exists, or show that the limit does not exist.
xy
a. lı́m (5x3 − x2 y 2 ) d. lı́m p
(x,y)→(1,0) (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2
b. lı́m e−xy cos(x + y) e. lı́m e−xy sin(πz/2)
(x,y)→(1,−1) (x,y,z)→(3,0,1)
³ 1 + y2 ´ xy + yz 2 + xz 2
c. lı́m ln f. lı́m
(x,y)→(1,0) x2 + xy (x,y,z)→(0,0,0) x2 + y 2 + z 4

7. Use polar coordinates to find the limit. [If (r, θ) are polar coordinates of the point (x, y) with r ≥ 0, note
that r → 0+ as (x, y) → (0, 0).]

x3 + y 3 b. lı́m (x2 + y 2 ) ln(x2 + y 2 )

2 2
e−x −y − 1
a. lı́m (x,y)→(0,0) c. lı́m
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 (x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

2. Partial Derivatives

8. Find both first partial derivatives.

√
a. f (x, y) = 2x − 3y + 5 d. z = x y
2 +y 2 )
b. f (x, y) = x2 − 3y 2 + 1 e. h(x, y) = e−(x
c. z = ln(x2 + y 2 ) f. f (x, y) = x2 − 3y 2 + 1

2
 g. z = ey sin xy Zy Zx
h. f (x, y) = (2t + 1)dt + (2t − 1)dt
x y

9. Use the limit definition of partial derivatives to find fx (x, y) and fy (x, y)

a. f (x, y) = 2x + 3y 1
c. f (x, y) =
x+y
√
b. f (x, y) = x+y d. f (x, y) = arctan(y/x)

10. Evaluate fx and fy at the given point.

a. f (x, y) = arctan(y/x), b. f (x, y) = arc cos(xy), (1, 1) 6xy

c. f (x, y) = p , (1, 1)
(2, −2) 4x2 + 5y 2

11. Find the slopes of the surface in the x- and y- directions at the given point.

a. g(x, y) = 4 − x2 − y 2 , (1, 1, 2) b. h(x, y) = x2 − y 2 , (−2, 1, 3)

12. Find the first partial derivatives with respect to x, y and z. Evaluate fx , fy and fz at the given point.
p
a. f (x, y, z) = 3x2 + y 2 − 2z 2 , (1, −2, 1) c. f (x, y, z) = z sin(x + y), (0, π2 , −4)
xy
b. f (x, y, z) = , (3, 1, −1)
x+y+z

13. Show that the mixed partial derivatives fxyy , fyxy and fyyx are equal

a. f (x, y, z) = xyz c. f (x, y, z) = e−x sin(yz)

2z
b. f (x, y, z) = x2 − 3xy + 4yz + z 3 c. f (x, y, z) =
x+y

∂2z ∂2z
14. Show that the function satisfies Laplace’s equation + =0
∂x2 ∂y 2
1¡ y ¢ ¡y¢
a. z = e − e−y sin x b. z = arctan
2 x

∂z ³ ∂2z ´
15. Show that the function satisfies the heat equation = c2
∂t ∂x2
¡x¢ ¡x¢
a. z = e−t cos b. z = e−t sin
c c

3
 ∂2z ³ 2 ´
2 ∂ z
16. Show that the function satisfies the wave equation = c
∂t2 ∂x2
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢
a. z = sin x − ct b. z = ln x + ct

17. The temperature at any point (x, y) in a steel plate is T = 500−0· 6x2 −1· 5y 2 , where x and y are measured
in meters. At the point (2, 3) find the rate of change of the temperature with respect to the distance moved
along the plate in the directions of the x- and y- axes.

18. The Ideal Gas Law states that P V = nRT , .... where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles
of gas,R is a fixed constant (the gas constant), and T is absolute temperature. Show that
∂T ∂P ∂V
= −1
∂P ∂V ∂T

3. Chain Rules for Functions of Several Variables

19. Find dwdt (i) using the appropriate Chain Rule and (ii) by converting w to a function of t before differen-
tiating.
¡ ¢
a. w = cos x − y , x = t2 , y = 1 c. w = xy + xz + yz, x = t − 1, y = t2 − 1, z = t
b. w = xy cos z, x = t, y = t2 z = arc cos(t) d. w = xyz, x = t2 , y = 2t, z = e−t

20. The parametric equations for the paths of two projectiles are given. At what rate is the distance between
the two objects changing at the given value of t?
¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡¢ ¡¢
x1 = 10 cos 2t , y1 = 6 sin 2t , first object x2 = 7 cos t , y2 = 4 sin t , second object
t = π2

21. Differentiate implicitly to find the first partial derivatives of z

a. tan(x + y) + tan(x + z) = 1 c. x ln(y) + y 2 z + z 2 = 8

b. z = ex sin(y + z) d. exz + xy = 0

22. Differentiate implicitly to find the first partial derivatives of w

a. xyz + xzw − yzw + w2 = 5 b. cos(xy) + sin(yz) + wz = 20

4. Directional Derivatives and Gradients

23. Find the directional derivative of the function at P in the direction of v.
1³ √ ´
a. f (x, y) = 3x − 4yx + 5y, P (1, 2), v = ~i + 3~j
√ ³ 2 ´
2 ~ ~
b. f (x, y) = x3 − y 3 , P (4, 3), v = i+j
p 2
c. g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 , P (3, 4), v = 3~i − 4~j
d. g(x, y) = arc cos(xy), P (1, 0), v = ~i + 5~j
e. f (x, y, z) = xy + yz + xz, P (1, 1, 1),v = 2~i + ~j − ~k
f. h(x, y, z) = x arctan(yz), P (4, 1, 1),v = ~i + 2~j − ~k

24. Find the directional derivative of the function in the direction of u = cos θ~i + sin θ~j

4
 a. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 , θ= π
4 b. g(x, y) = xey , θ= 2π
3

25. Find the directional derivative of the function at P in the direction of Q

a. f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 , P (3, 1) , Q(1, −1) c. h(x, y, z) = ln x + y + z, P (1, 0, 0) , Q(4, 3, 1)

b. f (x, y) = cos(x + y), P (0, π) , Q( π2 , 0) d. g(x, y, z) = xyez , P (2, 4, 0) , Q(0, 0, 0)

26. Find the gradient of the function and the maximum value of the directional derivative at the given point.

Function Point

a. f (x, y) = x tan y, (2, π4 )

b. h(x, y) = y cos(x − y), (0, π3 )
p
c. g(x, y) = ln 3 x2 + y 2 , (1, 2)
d. f (x, y, z) = xeyz , (2, 0, −4)
1
e. w = p , (0, 0, 0)
1 − x − y2 − z2
2

d. w = xy 2 z 2 , (2, 1, 1)
x y
27. Let the function f (x, y) = 3 − −
3 2
a. Sketch the graph of f in the first octant and plot the point (3, 2, 1) on the surface.
b. Find Du f (3, 2), where u = cos θ~i + sin θ~j.
π 2π
i. θ = 4 ii. θ = 3

v
c. Find Du f (3, 2), where u = .
kvk

i. v = i + ~j ii. v = −3i − 4~j

v
d. Find Du f (3, 2), where u = .
kvk

i. v is the vector from (1, 2) to (−2, 6) ii. v is the vector from (3, 2) to (4, 5)

e. Find ∇f (x, y).

d. Find the maximum value of the directional derivative at (3, 2).
e. Find a unit vector u orthogonal to ∇f (3, 2) and calculate Du f (3, 2). Discuss the geometric meaning
of the result.

28. Find a normal vector to the level curve f (x, y) = c at P .

x
a. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 , c = 25, P (3, 4) b. f (x, y) = , c = 12 , P (1, 1)
x2 + y2

29. The temperature at the point (x, y)

x
T =
+ y2 x2
Find the direction of greatest increase in heat from the point (3, 4).
30. The surface of a mountain is modeled by the equation h(x, y) = 5000 − 0· 001x2 − 0· 004y 2 A mountain
climber is at the point (500, 300, 4390). In what direction should the climber move in order to ascend at
the greatest rate?

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 5. Tangent Planes and Normal Lines

31. Find an equation of the tangent plane to the surface at the given point.

a. g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 , (5, 4, 9) c. x2 + 4y 2 + z 2 = 36, (2, −2, 4)

³ ´
2 2
b. z = ex sin y + 1 , (0, π2 , 2) d. xy + 3x − z = 4, (2, 1, −2)

32. Find an equation of the tangent plane and find symmetric equations of the normal line to the surface at
the given point.

a. x2 + y 2 + y 2 , (1, 2, 4) c. z = arctan(y/x), (1, 1, π4 )

b. xy − z = 0, (−2, −3, 6) d. xyz = 10, (1, 2, 5)

33. Show that the tangent plane to the quadric surface

x2 y 2 z 2
+ 2 + 2 = 1, Ellipsoid
a2 b c
at the point (x0 , yx0 , zx0 ) can be written in the given form
x0 x y0 y z0 z
+ 2 + 2 = 1, P lane
a2 b c

6. Extrema of Functions of Two Variables

34. Find the relative extrema of the given function.

a. f (x, y) = 2x2 + 2xy + y 2 + 2x − 3 c. z = 2x2 + 3y 2 − 4x − 12y + 13

b. f (x, y) = −5x2 − 5y 2 + 10x − 30y − 62 d. z = −3x2 − 2y 2 + 3x − 4y + 5

7. Applications of Extrema of Functions of Two Variables

35. Find the minimum distance from the point to the paraboloid

z = x2 + y 2

a. (5, 5, 0) b. (5, 0, 0)

36. The material for constructing the base of an open box costs 1,5 times as much per unit area as the material
for constructing the sides. For a fixed amount of money C, find the dimensions of the box of largest volume
that can be made.

37. The volume of an ellipsoid

x2 y 2 z 2
+ 2 + 2 =1
a2 b c
4πabc
is 3 . For a fixed sum a + b + c show that the ellipsoid of maximum volume is a sphere.

7.1. Lagrange Multipliers

39. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the indicated extrema, assuming that x, y and z are positive.

6
38. A trough with trapezoidal cross sections is formed by
turning up the edges of a 30-inch-wide sheet of alu-
minum (see figure). Find the cross section of maximum
area.

a. Minimize: f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 c. Minimize: f (x, y, z) = x2 − 10x + y 2 − 14y + 70

Constraint: x + y + z − 6 = 0 Constraint: x + y = 10
b. Maximize: f (x, y, z) = xyz d. Minimize: f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2
Constraint: x + y + z − 6 = 0 Constraint: x + y + z − 1 = 0

40. A cargo container (in the shape of a rectangular solid) must have a volume of 480 cubic feet. The bottom
will cost $5 per square foot to construct and the sides and the top will cost $3 per square foot to construct.
Use Lagrange multipliers to find the dimensions of the container of this size that has minimum cost.

41. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the dimensions of a rectangular box of maximum volume that can be
inscribed (with edges parallel to the coordinate axes) in the ellipsoid

x2 y 2 z 2
+ 2 + 2 =1
a2 b c

42. Use Lagrange multipliers to prove that the product of three positive numbers x, y and z whose sum has
the constant value S, is a maximum when the three numbers are equal. Use this result to prove that

√ x+y+z
3
yxz ≤
3